{"id":108593,"date":"2024-05-17T21:42:31","date_gmt":"2024-05-17T16:12:31","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/pwonlyias.com\/stage\/?post_type=current-affairs&#038;p=108593"},"modified":"2024-05-17T21:42:31","modified_gmt":"2024-05-17T16:12:31","slug":"niti-aayog-on-cancer-detection","status":"publish","type":"current-affairs","link":"https:\/\/pwonlyias.com\/stage\/current-affairs\/niti-aayog-on-cancer-detection","title":{"rendered":"Niti Aayog on Cancer Detection"},"content":{"rendered":"<h2><span style=\"font-size: 18pt;\"><strong>Context<\/strong><\/span><\/h2>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">According to a recent report from 13 states prepared by <\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/pwonlyias.com\/stage\/udaan\/niti-aayog\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"><b>NITI Aayog<\/b><\/a><b> (Niti Aayog\u2019s alarm bells on cancer detection: C the signs),<\/b> <b>\u2018huge gap\u2019 in cancer screening at Ayushman centers <\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">is detected.\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">The <\/span><b>states included<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> were Andhra Pradesh, Bihar, Gujarat, Haryana, Jammu &#038; Kashmir, Kerala, Madhya Pradesh, Maharashtra, Odisha, Rajasthan, Sikkim, Tripura, and Uttar Pradesh.<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<table style=\"width: 100.3%;\">\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<th style=\"border-style: solid; border-color: #000000; background-color: rgba(184, 165, 217, 0.53); text-align: left; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%;\">\n<h2><span style=\"font-size: 18pt; color: #000000;\"><strong>NITI Aayog<\/strong><\/span><\/h2>\n<p><span style=\"color: #000000;\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">It is<\/span><b> a premier policy think tank<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> of the Government of India.\u00a0<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"color: #000000;\"><b>Establishment:<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> In <\/span><b>2015,<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> it replaced the erstwhile Planning Commission and operates as an advisory body, providing strategic and technical advice across various sectors to the central and state governments.\u00a0<\/span><\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"color: #000000;\"><b>Mandate:<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> NITI Aayog\u2019s primary objective is to<\/span><b> foster sustainable and inclusive growth<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> through evidence-based policy formulation, innovation, and collaboration with stakeholders.\u00a0<\/span><\/span>\n<ul>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"2\"><span style=\"color: #000000;\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">It <\/span><b>facilitates cooperative federalism<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> by promoting cooperative engagement between the center and states in addressing key developmental challenges and fostering economic prosperity.<\/span><\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/th>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<h2><span style=\"font-size: 18pt;\"><strong>About Cancer<\/strong><\/span><\/h2>\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/pwonlyias.com\/stage\/current-affairs\/india-fast-emerging-cancer-capital\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Cancer<\/span><\/a><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> is a disease in which some of the body\u2019s cells grow uncontrollably and spread to other parts of the body.\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><b>Mechanism:<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> Cancer starts when a gene or several genes mutate and create cancerous cells. These cells create cancer clusters, or tumors. Cancerous cells may break away from tumors, <\/span><b>using the lymphatic system or bloodstream<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> to travel to other areas of the body.<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><span class=\"vc_button\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.pw.live\/batches\/upsc?utm_source=seo+upsc+batch&#038;utm_medium=seo+upsc&#038;utm_campaign=seo&#038;utm_id=upsc\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Enroll now for UPSC Online Course<\/a><\/span><\/p>\n<h2><span style=\"font-size: 18pt;\"><strong>Need for Early Cancer Detection<\/strong><\/span><\/h2>\n<ul>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><b>Increase the Surviving Possibility:<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> It is well-known that spotting signs of cancer at an early stage significantly increases the possibilities of surviving the disease.\u00a0<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><b>Rising Cases: <\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Cancer has become a public health concern in India and has touched most families. There is growing evidence about the proven role of preventive strategies to minimize the risk of cancer and screening methods to detect cancer at an early stage for better survival.<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<table style=\"width: 100.301%;\">\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<th style=\"border-style: solid; border-color: #000000; background-color: rgba(184, 165, 217, 0.53); text-align: left; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%;\"><span style=\"color: #000000;\"><b>C the Signs:<\/b><\/span><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"color: #000000;\"><b>A Cancer Prediction System: <\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">C the Signs is a cancer prediction system that can identify patients at risk of cancer at the earliest and most curable stage of the disease.<\/span><\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"color: #000000;\"><b>Time Required:<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> In <\/span><b>under 30 seconds, <\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">C the Signs can rapidly identify which cancers a patient is at risk of and recommend the most appropriate test or specialist to diagnose their cancer.<\/span><\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"color: #000000;\"><b>Significance: <\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Using<\/span> <span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">the latest technology, research and evidence, C the Signs enables <\/span><b>healthcare providers to give their patients the best chance of surviving cancer.<\/b><\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/th>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<h2><span style=\"font-size: 18pt;\"><strong>Key Findings of the Report<\/strong><\/span><\/h2>\n<ul>\n<li><b>Existence of Huge Gaps:<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> In the performance of these health and wellness centres (HWCs), a huge gap exists.\u00a0<\/span>\n<ul>\n<li><b>Less than 10% of these centres<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> had completed one round of screening for non-communicable diseases, including cancer.<\/span><\/li>\n<li><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Successive <\/span><b>National Family Health Surveys <\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">have revealed that a very small percentage of people in the vulnerable age group (those over 30 years of age) get screened for malignancy.\u00a0<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<li><b>Challenge of Investment &#038; Awareness: <\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">India does not seem to have invested adequately in the next steps and also, there is low awareness and education of cancer, its prevention protocols and training to use the screening techniques.\u00a0<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h2><span style=\"font-size: 18pt;\"><strong>Initiatives taken in India for Early Cancer Detection<\/strong><\/span><\/h2>\n<ul>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><b>The National Programme for the Prevention and Control of Cancer, Diabetes, Cardiovascular Disease and Stroke: <\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">These programmes have given special emphasis to checking for cervical, oral and breast cancers.<\/span>\n<ul>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"2\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">They constitute a<\/span><b> third of all cases of the disease in India<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> before symptoms appear.\u00a0<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><b>Ayushman Bharat Pradhan Mantri Jan Arogya Yojana (AB-PMJAY): <\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Under this initiative, 1,50,000 health and wellness centres (HWCs) turned into nodal points for cancer detection.<\/span>\n<ul>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"2\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">The introduction of screening facilities at these primary healthcare centres could have <\/span><b>reduced accessibility-related problems <\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">to a great extent.\u00a0<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><b>Establishment of a Training Hub: <\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">The Union Ministry of Health has designated the <\/span><b>Noida-based National Institute for Cancer Prevention and Research <\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">as a training hub.\u00a0<\/span>\n<ul>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"2\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">The institution\u2019s expertise must be summoned for <\/span><b>screening malignancy.<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> Experts agree that such <\/span><b>instruction can be given online<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> and <\/span><b>professionals receiving such training can educate others.<\/b><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><b>Involvement of Community-level Workers:<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> In recent years, India has done well in piloting low-tech approaches to cancer screening that can be delivered at scale by community-level workers. AB-PMJAY makes use of these technologies.\u00a0<\/span>\n<ul>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"2\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">India involved <\/span><b>ASHA workers<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> in its project.<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h2><span style=\"font-size: 18pt;\"><strong>Way Forward<\/strong><\/span><\/h2>\n<ul>\n<li><b>Adequate Awareness:<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> It is imperative that ASHA workers should be <\/span><b>sensitised to risk factors, symptoms and the need for screening itself.\u00a0<\/b><\/li>\n<li><b>Improvement in Condition of Frontline Workers:<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> There is a need to improve the working conditions of these<\/span><b> low-paid and overburdened workers.\u00a0<\/b><\/li>\n<li><b>A Multi-Pronged Approach:<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> Reducing India\u2019s cancer burden will require efforts in several directions. There is a need to <\/span><b>close gaps in cancer screening<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> that are significant in view of the government\u2019s focus on prevention and detection of cancer at an early stage.<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><span class=\"vc_button\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.pw.live\/batches\/upsc\/pw-only-ias?utm_source=seo+upsc+batch&#038;utm_medium=seo+upsc&#038;utm_campaign=seo&#038;utm_id=upsc\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Enroll now for UPSC Online Classes<\/a><\/span><\/p>\n<table style=\"width: 100.254%;\">\n<tbody>\n<tr style=\"height: 36px;\">\n<td style=\"width: 4927.98%; vertical-align: middle; text-align: center; border-style: solid; border-color: #000000; height: 36px;\" colspan=\"2\"><span style=\"font-size: 18pt;\"><b>Must Read<\/b><\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr style=\"height: 30px;\">\n<td style=\"width: 54.4983%; vertical-align: middle; text-align: center; border-style: solid; border-color: #000000; height: 30px;\"><strong><a href=\"https:\/\/pwonlyias.com\/stage\/ncert-notes\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">NCERT Notes For UPSC<\/a><\/strong><\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 4873.48%; 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