{"id":111495,"date":"2024-05-31T19:58:44","date_gmt":"2024-05-31T14:28:44","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/pwonlyias.com\/stage\/?post_type=current-affairs&#038;p=111495"},"modified":"2024-06-01T18:46:34","modified_gmt":"2024-06-01T13:16:34","slug":"disaster-resilient-infrastructure","status":"publish","type":"current-affairs","link":"https:\/\/pwonlyias.com\/stage\/current-affairs\/disaster-resilient-infrastructure","title":{"rendered":"Cyclone Remal, and Disaster-Resilient Infrastructure"},"content":{"rendered":"<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">The aftermath of <\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/pwonlyias.com\/stage\/current-affairs\/cyclone-remal\/#:~:text=and%20West%20Bengal.-,Cyclone%20Remal%20Latest%20Update,of%20the%20Bay%20of%20Bengal.\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">cyclone Remal<\/span><\/a><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> causing extensive damage in the form of <\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/pwonlyias.com\/stage\/editorial-analysis\/landslides-in-india-and-its-causes\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">landslides<\/span><\/a><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> and <\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/pwonlyias.com\/stage\/current-affairs\/flash-flood-sikkim\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">flash floods<\/span><\/a><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> in the North- East and West Bengal Region, <\/span><b>upgradation and overhauling the <\/b><a href=\"https:\/\/pwonlyias.com\/stage\/upsc-notes\/disaster-management-in-india\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"><b>disaster management<\/b><\/a><b> system is the need of the hour.<\/b><\/p>\n<h2><span style=\"font-size: 18pt;\"><strong>Cyclone Remal<\/strong><\/span><\/h2>\n<p><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"wp-image-111625 alignright\" src=\"https:\/\/pwonlyias.com\/stage\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/05\/image-61-665b1ca4c5475.webp\" alt=\"Disaster-Resilient Infrastructure\" width=\"451\" height=\"400\" srcset=\"https:\/\/pwonlyias.com\/stage\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/05\/image-61-665b1ca4c5475.webp 770w, https:\/\/pwonlyias.com\/stage\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/05\/image-61-665b1ca4c5475-300x266.webp 300w, https:\/\/pwonlyias.com\/stage\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/05\/image-61-665b1ca4c5475-768x681.webp 768w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 451px) 100vw, 451px\" \/><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Remal <\/span><b>means \u201csand\u201d <\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">in Arabic and was <\/span><b>named by Oman<\/b><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><b>Landfall: <\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">The storm made<\/span><b> landfall near Mongla port, Bangladesh\u00a0 and the adjoining Sagar Islands in India\u2019s <\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">West Bengal state with a wind speed of up to <\/span><b>135kmph (84mph)<\/b><\/li>\n<li><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Remal was the<\/span><b> first cyclone to hit the Bay of Bengal this year <\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">in advance of the June-September <\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/pwonlyias.com\/stage\/current-affairs\/onset-of-monsoon\/#:~:text=Starting%20months%3A%20This%20event%20usually,and%20overall%20economic%20well%2Dbeing.\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">monsoon<\/span><\/a><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> season.<\/span><\/li>\n<li><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Cyclone Remal<\/span><b> advanced to a severe cyclonic storm<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> from low pressure in bay of bengal in <\/span><b>just three days.<\/b><\/li>\n<li><b>Impact:\u00a0<\/b>\n<ul>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"2\"><b>Death toll:<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> Official Death Toll across the four northeastern States rose to 38<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><span class=\"vc_button\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.pw.live\/batches\/upsc?utm_source=seo+upsc+batch&#038;utm_medium=seo+upsc&#038;utm_campaign=seo&#038;utm_id=upsc\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Enroll now for UPSC Online Course<\/a><\/span><\/p>\n<table style=\"width: 100.201%;\">\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<th style=\"border-style: solid; border-color: #000000; background-color: rgba(184, 165, 217, 0.53); text-align: left; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%;\">\n<h3><span style=\"font-size: 16pt; color: #000000;\"><strong>Coalition for Disaster Resilient Infrastructure<\/strong><\/span><\/h3>\n<ul>\n<li><span style=\"color: #000000;\"><b>Establishment<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">: CDRI was <\/span><b>established in 2019 during the United Nations Climate Action Summit in New York.<\/b><\/span>\n<ul>\n<li><span style=\"font-weight: 400; color: #000000;\">It is India\u2019s second major global initiative after the International Solar Alliance (ISA).<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<li><span style=\"color: #000000;\"><b>Secretariat office: It is\u00a0 in New Delhi<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">.<\/span><\/span><\/li>\n<li><span style=\"color: #000000;\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">CDRI is a g<\/span><b>lobal partnership of <\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">National Governments, UN agencies and programmes, multilateral development banks and financing mechanisms, the private sector, academic and knowledge institutions.<\/span><\/span><\/li>\n<li><span style=\"color: #000000;\"><b>Aim:<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> To promote the resilience of infrastructure systems to climate and disaster risks, thereby ensuring sustainable development<\/span><\/span><\/li>\n<li><span style=\"color: #000000;\"><b>Members: 39 countries <\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">and 7 organizations.<\/span><\/span><\/li>\n<li><span style=\"color: #000000;\"><b>Initiatives:\u00a0<\/b><\/span>\n<ul>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"2\"><span style=\"color: #000000;\"><b>Infrastructure for Resilient Island States (IRIS):<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> It will promote resilient, sustainable and inclusive infrastructure<\/span><b> in Small Island Developing States (SIDS)\u00a0<\/b><\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"2\"><span style=\"color: #000000;\"><b>Launched<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">: The initiative was launched\u00a0 by the Prime Ministers of India, Australia, Fiji, Jamaica, Mauritius and the UK<\/span><b> at the 26th session of the Conference of the Parties (COP-26) to UNFCCC\u00a0 in 2021 at Glasgow.<\/b><\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/th>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<ul>\n<li style=\"list-style-type: none;\">\n<ul>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"2\"><b>Landslides: <\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">29 bodies are retrieved from several landslide-hit locations like a stone quarry site at Methum in and around Mizoram\u2019s capital Aizawl<\/span><b>Flash floods:<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> Brahmaputra and other major rivers in the region flowed close to the danger mark causing flash floods and breach of embankment walls in the entire region.<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h2><span style=\"font-size: 18pt;\"><strong>Impact of Disasters on Infrastructure<\/strong><\/span><\/h2>\n<ul>\n<li><b>Economic loss:<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> Disasters are causing <\/span><b>average losses of $732 billion-$845 billion each yea<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">r to infrastructure and buildings, e<\/span><b>qual to 14% of GDP growth\u00a0 in 2022,<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> as per estimates by the<\/span><b> Coalition for Disaster Resilient Infrastructure (CDRI).<\/b><\/li>\n<li><b>Prediction:<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> With a temperature rise of 3-4 degrees Celsius,<\/span><b> average annual losses could rise by 12-33% in low <\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">and middle-income countries, including by <\/span><b>nearly a quarter across South Asia and sub-Saharan Africa.<\/b><\/li>\n<li><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"wp-image-111627 alignright\" src=\"https:\/\/pwonlyias.com\/stage\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/05\/image-60-665b1ca48d634.webp\" alt=\"Disaster-Resilient Infrastructure\" width=\"501\" height=\"391\" srcset=\"https:\/\/pwonlyias.com\/stage\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/05\/image-60-665b1ca48d634.webp 1427w, https:\/\/pwonlyias.com\/stage\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/05\/image-60-665b1ca48d634-300x234.webp 300w, https:\/\/pwonlyias.com\/stage\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/05\/image-60-665b1ca48d634-1024x800.webp 1024w, https:\/\/pwonlyias.com\/stage\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/05\/image-60-665b1ca48d634-768x600.webp 768w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 501px) 100vw, 501px\" \/><b>Disruption: <\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Disasters disrupted the provision of over<\/span><b> 363,184 basic services in 44 reporting countries<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">, including health and educational services in <\/span><b>\u00a0<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">In 2020 and 2021 alone as per the\u00a0 <\/span><b>Sendai Framework Monitor, 2022<\/b><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><b>Critical Infrastructure: <\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Roads and railways, telecommunications, and power and energy together account for about<\/span><b> 80% of the total annual losses.<\/b><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><b>On low and middle income economy<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">: <\/span><b>About 30% of the annual infrastructure losses\u00a0 <\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">ie. around $280 billion, due to extreme climate events and disasters are borne by low and middle-income nations.<\/span>\n<ul>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"2\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">The <\/span><b>highest share of losses is seen in South Asia at 0.42% of GDP <\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">per year and Latin America and the Caribbean with 0.22%<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h2><span style=\"font-size: 18pt;\"><strong>Disaster Resilient Infrastructure\u00a0<\/strong><\/span><\/h2>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Resilient infrastructure are the systems and structures that are <\/span><b>built to endure, adapt, and quickly recover from shocks and stresses.<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> These stressors could include natural disasters, climate impacts, technological failures, or other human-induced emergencies.\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<h3><span style=\"font-size: 16pt;\"><strong>Goal of Disaster Resilient Infrastructure\u00a0<\/strong><\/span><\/h3>\n<ul>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">It is to ensure <\/span><b>minimal disruptions to essential services s<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">uch as critical Infrastructure facilities, public communal facilities, transit systems, telecommunications, and power systems to <\/span><b>ensure the safety and well-being of human users and occupants.\u00a0<\/b><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<table style=\"width: 100.1%;\">\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<th style=\"border-style: solid; border-color: #000000; background-color: rgba(184, 165, 217, 0.53); text-align: left; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%;\">\n<h3><span style=\"font-size: 16pt; color: #000000;\"><strong>Characteristics of a Disaster Resilient Community<\/strong><\/span><\/h3>\n<ul>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"color: #000000;\"><b>Prior preparedness:<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> A disaster resilient community is one which is\u00a0 <\/span><b>well-suited to respond to a crisis that might occur<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> like a devastating flood or tornado.\u00a0<\/span><\/span>\n<ul>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"2\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400; color: #000000;\">It means,\u00a0 the local buildings are built with solid foundation materials, flood zones have storm drains and proper sewage systems, and that critical IT infrastructure is secured through the cloud.<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"color: #000000;\"><b>Knowledgeable and healthy: <\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">\u00a0It has the ability to assess, manage and monitor its risks. It can learn new skills and build on past experiences.<\/span><\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"color: #000000;\"><b>Organised:<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">\u00a0 It has the capacity to identify problems, establish priorities and act<\/span><\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"color: #000000;\"><b>Infrastructure and services: <\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">\u00a0It has strong housing, transport, power, water and sanitation systems. It has the ability to maintain, repair and renovate them.<\/span><\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/th>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<h3><span style=\"font-size: 16pt;\"><strong>Principles for Resilient Infrastructure<\/strong><\/span><\/h3>\n<ul>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><b>General Awareness: <\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Assist in raising awareness and setting common basic understanding of what \u201cresilient infrastructure\u201d constitutes.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><b>Incorporate as a core value:<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> Form the basis for planning and implementation of infrastructure projects that take resilience as a core value.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><b>Set Standards:<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> Raise engineering designs based on available and reliable data so parameters of safety and disaster risk mitigation are in place on new and retrofitting projects.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">S<\/span><b>et out the desired outcomes <\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">of national infrastructure systems to establish resilience o f critical services.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Assist the public and private sectors in making risk-informed policy and investment decisions.<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><span class=\"vc_button\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.pw.live\/batches\/upsc\/pw-only-ias?utm_source=seo+upsc+batch&#038;utm_medium=seo+upsc&#038;utm_campaign=seo&#038;utm_id=upsc\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Enroll now for UPSC Online Classes<\/a><\/span><\/p>\n<table style=\"width: 99.9975%;\">\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<th style=\"border-style: solid; border-color: #000000; background-color: rgba(184, 165, 217, 0.53); text-align: left; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%;\">\n<h3><span style=\"font-size: 16pt; color: #000000;\"><strong>Disaster-resilient infrastructure examples<\/strong><\/span><\/h3>\n<ul>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"color: #000000;\"><b>Earthquake-resistant structures:<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> It ensures the\u00a0 structures can absorb and distribute seismic forces without collapse. Earthquake-resistant building design encompasses\u00a0 <\/span><b>\u2018redundancy\u2019<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> (providing multiple load paths),<\/span><b> ductility <\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">(allowing part of the structure to deform without breaking), and<\/span><b> base isolation <\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">(allowing the base of the structure to move separately from the remainder).<\/span><\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"color: #000000;\"><b>Tsunami and flood-resilient infrastructure:\u00a0 <\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Strategies include elevating foundations, structural reinforcement, drainage systems, seawalls, floodproof doors, breakaway walls, open ground floors (allowing water to flow freely), and permeable pavements.<\/span><\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"color: #000000;\"><b>Temperature-resistant infrastructure:<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> It is designed to withstand extreme fluctuations in temperature.\u00a0<\/span><\/span>\n<ul>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"2\"><span style=\"color: #000000;\"><b>Example:<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> To\u00a0 integrate green roofs, thermal insulation, strategic ventilation, and flexible joints.<\/span><\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"color: #000000;\"><b>Cyclone and wind-resistant construction:<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> To utilize aerodynamic designs, secure roofing materials, impact-resistant doors and windows, wind-resistant cladding, etc<\/span><\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/th>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<h3><span style=\"font-size: 16pt;\"><strong>Need of Disaster Resilient Infrastructure\u00a0<\/strong><\/span><\/h3>\n<ul>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Disaster Resilient infrastructures importance is increasingly recognised as the <\/span><b>effects of industrial technology, unpredictable weather patterns, global warming, and dense urbanisation<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> pose new and complex challenges.<\/span>\n<ul>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"2\"><b>Intensified Multi-Hazard Disasters: Multi hazard disasters <\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">are the events whereby one disaster triggers another, or a series of other disasters, the cascading impacts of which result in a destruction that is much higher in magnitude.<\/span>\n<ul>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"3\"><b>Example: <\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Heavy rainfall leads to breach of glacial lakes and landslides in hilly areas which results in flash floods downstream. Or, extreme heatwave triggering largescale forest fires.<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"2\"><b>Urban densities:<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> As more and more population shifts towards the urban centres, the increased population and built environment densities calls for safe Infrastructure.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"2\"><b>Reduce Human Misery:<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> An emphasis on disaster resilience is vital because it reduces the potential loss of life, injury, and damage caused by multiple hazards.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"2\"><b>Build Recovery:<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> Disaster Resilient Infrastructure strengthens the capacity of\u00a0 communities and societies to manage and recover from disasters, contributing to long-term sustainability, durability, and economic stability.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"2\"><b>Adaptation:<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> Disaster Resilient Infrastructure is an adaptation strategy to reduce the impacts of disasters which are Increasing in\u00a0 frequency and severity\u00a0 by saving life and property<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"2\"><b>Global interconnectedness: <\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Disasters in one region can have cascading effects worldwide, Therefore, there is a need for collective efforts as a collective effort towards resilient infrastructure globally strengthens everyone\u2019s preparedness.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"2\"><b>Protecting the most vulnerable:\u00a0 I<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">nvesting in resilient infrastructure safeguards the vulnerable communities the most as they are the most at risk during times of a disaster.<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h3><span style=\"font-size: 16pt;\"><strong>A Disaster Resilient Design<\/strong><\/span><\/h3>\n<ul>\n<li><b>A<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> Resilient design encompassess careful planning of the following:<\/span>\n<ul>\n<li><b>Careful placement of infrastructure and emergency services: <\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">To distribute\u00a0 critical services evenly across a city to avoid the risk of total system failure if one area become damaged or inaccessible.\u00a0<\/span>\n<ul>\n<li><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Hospitals, fire stations, water pumps\u00a0 and police stations should be positioned where they are least likely to be cut off in a disaster.<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<li><b>Land-use planning:<\/b> <b>Disaster zoning of Infrastucture<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> is required to be inculcated in city planning to\u00a0 restrict certain development activities in locations where risks are deemed to be higher.<\/span><\/li>\n<li><b>Public assembly points: <\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Accessible, recognisable, and properly spaced assembly point need to be built\u00a0 for communities to gather and coordinate the recovery effort.<\/span><\/li>\n<li><b>Alarms and public announcement and Early Warning\u00a0 systems<\/b><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<table style=\"width: 100.099%;\">\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<th style=\"border-style: solid; border-color: #000000; background-color: rgba(184, 165, 217, 0.53); text-align: left; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%;\">\n<h3><span style=\"font-size: 16pt; color: #000000;\"><strong>United Nations Office for Disaster Risk Reduction (UNDRR)<\/strong><\/span><\/h3>\n<p><span style=\"color: #000000;\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">UNDRR coordinates international efforts in disaster risk reduction and it reports on the implementation of the<\/span><b> Sendai Framework for Disaster Risk Reduction.<\/b><\/span><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><span style=\"color: #000000;\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">It convenes the <\/span><b>biennial Global Platform on Disaster Risk Reduction.<\/b><\/span><\/li>\n<li><span style=\"color: #000000;\"><b>Headquarters: Geneva, Switzerland<\/b><\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/th>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<ul>\n<li style=\"list-style-type: none;\">\n<ul>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"2\"><b>Emergency lighting, directional signage and symbols: <\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Placed in key locations to guide occupants towards exits and to ensure safety during power outages.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"2\"><b>Fire exits and stairwells:<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> It should be clearly marked, unobstructed, and positioned in easily accessible areas to facilitate quick evacuation in case of emergencies.<\/span>\n<ul>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"3\"><b>Example:<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> The heat waves in North India has resulted in many cases of fire emergencies due to malfunctioning cooling systems like ACs.<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"2\"><b>Utility interfaces or control panels:<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> Conveniently located for managing communication systems, water, gas, internet, and electricity.<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><span class=\"vc_button\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.pw.live\/batches\/upsc?utm_source=seo+upsc+batch&#038;utm_medium=seo+upsc&#038;utm_campaign=seo&#038;utm_id=upsc\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Enroll now for UPSC Online Course<\/a><\/span><\/p>\n<h3><span style=\"font-size: 16pt;\"><strong>Disaster Resilient Infrastructure Initiatives<\/strong><\/span><\/h3>\n<ul>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Disaster Resilient Infrastructure calls for a <\/span><b>collaboration between<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> all governance tiers, academia, private enterprises, infrastructure experts and local communities.<\/span>\n<ul>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"2\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Establishment of <\/span><b>Coalition for Disaster Resilient Infrastructure (CDRI): India hosted the <\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">6th conference of CDRI recently.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"2\"><b>India Cooling Action Plan<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">: To promote passive cooling in buildings,<\/span><b> Bureau of Energy Efficiency (BEE)<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> has brought out the Energy Conservation Building Code (ECBC) for all large commercial buildings and Eco-Niwas Samhita (ECBC-R) for the residential buildings.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"2\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Support to Monitoring and Implementation of the<\/span><b> Sendai Framework for DRR (SFDRR): The Sendai Framework for Disaster Risk Reduction (2015-2030)<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> identifies investing in Disaster Risk Reduction (DRR) for resilience and to<\/span><b> \u201cbuild back better\u201d in reconstruction as priorities.<\/b>\n<ul>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"3\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">India is one of the first to <\/span><b>create a National Disaster Management Plan based<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> on the Sendai Framework for Disaster Risk Reduction.<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"2\"><b>The Indian Tsunami Early Warning System (ITEWS):<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> It\u00a0 was established in 2007 and is based at &#038; operated by INCOIS, Hyderabad.<\/span>\n<ul>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"3\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">ITEWS <\/span><b>comprises a real-time network of seismic stations, tide gauges and a 24X7 operational tsunami warning centr<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">e to detect tsunami created\u00a0 earthquakes, to monitor tsunamis and to provide timely advisories to vulnerable communities.<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"aligncenter  wp-image-111626\" src=\"https:\/\/pwonlyias.com\/stage\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/05\/image-59-665b1ca281d31.webp\" alt=\"Disaster-Resilient Infrastructure\" width=\"700\" height=\"269\" srcset=\"https:\/\/pwonlyias.com\/stage\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/05\/image-59-665b1ca281d31.webp 1600w, https:\/\/pwonlyias.com\/stage\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/05\/image-59-665b1ca281d31-300x115.webp 300w, https:\/\/pwonlyias.com\/stage\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/05\/image-59-665b1ca281d31-1024x394.webp 1024w, https:\/\/pwonlyias.com\/stage\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/05\/image-59-665b1ca281d31-768x295.webp 768w, https:\/\/pwonlyias.com\/stage\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/05\/image-59-665b1ca281d31-1536x590.webp 1536w, https:\/\/pwonlyias.com\/stage\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/05\/image-59-665b1ca281d31-1568x603.webp 1568w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 700px) 100vw, 700px\" \/><\/p>\n<table style=\"width: 100.198%;\">\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<th style=\"border-style: solid; border-color: #000000; background-color: rgba(184, 165, 217, 0.53); text-align: left; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%;\">\n<h3><span style=\"font-size: 16pt; color: #000000;\"><strong>Global Best Practice<\/strong><\/span><\/h3>\n<ul>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"color: #000000;\"><b>China:<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> The country\u00a0 has developed &#8220;<\/span><b>sponge cities&#8221;<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> by creating parks in and around cities that have water storage tunnels, rain gardens, wetlands and bioswales that aid drainage to prevent flooding and serve as water reserves for dry spells.<\/span><\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"color: #000000;\"><b>Malaysia<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">: It uses<\/span><b> multi-storey smart tunnels<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> to regulate traffic and safeguard against flash floods.\u00a0<\/span><\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"color: #000000;\"><b>Guyana:<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> A <\/span><b>mangrove seawall<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> in Guyana helps protect its low-lying areas against storm surges.<\/span><\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/th>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<h3><span style=\"font-size: 16pt;\"><strong>Existing Nature of Cities<\/strong><\/span><\/h3>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Cities have often evolved organically<\/span><b> without disaster-proofing in mind therefore,<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> Implementing resilience measures, particularly within existing infrastructure, <\/span><b>can be costly and time-consuming, requiring extensive planning and investment.\u00a0<\/b><\/p>\n<h3><span style=\"font-size: 16pt;\"><strong>Coordination and Alignment<\/strong><\/span><\/h3>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Coordinating resiliency efforts across different sectors, regions, and stakeholders requires effective communication, collaboration, and alignment of goals and strategies.<\/span><\/p>\n<h3><span style=\"font-size: 16pt;\"><strong>Financing problems<\/strong><\/span><\/h3>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">There is an <\/span><b>estimated $106 trillion of untapped private capital worldwide but only 1.6% of that amount is invested in infrastructure <\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">today with low and middle-income nations\u00a0 attracting\u00a0 just a quarter of private infrastructure investment globally &#8211; mainly for non-renewable energy and transport.<\/span><\/p>\n<h2><span style=\"font-size: 18pt;\"><strong>Way Forward<\/strong><\/span><\/h2>\n<ul>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><b>Risk Assessment: <\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Regular<\/span><b> infrastructure risk assessment<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">s are important to <\/span><b>find vulnerabilities in critical sectors <\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">like transport, power, and telecommunications. These assessment <\/span><b>should be followed by\u00a0 risk mitigation strategies<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">, to protect against potential damages.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><b>Holistic Planning: <\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">An integrated approach to embed climate and disaster resilience into critical infrastructure planning\u00a0 <\/span><b>amalgamating\u00a0 data analytics, focused investment, proactive policies, and stakeholder capacity building<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> is needed.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><b>Enhance Disaster risk comprehension: <\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Effective DRI necessitates the<\/span><b> integration of data-driven infrastructure planning,\u00a0 risk-informed investments, and propagation of early warning system<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> across diverse landscapes,<\/span><b> powered by GIS mapping and innovative technologies.<\/b><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><b>Capacity building: <\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Through<\/span><b> stakeholder engagement,<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> capacity of communities across the diverse landscape needs to be\u00a0 amplified <\/span><b>through regular consultation and workshops<\/b><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">I<\/span><b>mproved Building bye-laws<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">:\u00a0 The safety codes needs to<\/span><b> incorporate the features of disaster-resistant buildings<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> with simplified guidelines present in public domain.\u00a0<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><b>Demonstration centres:<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> Rural areas should set up <\/span><b>Building Technology Demonstration Centres <\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">and undertake demonstrative disaster constructions in severe hazard-prone areas.<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><span class=\"vc_button\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.pw.live\/batches\/upsc\/pw-only-ias?utm_source=seo+upsc+batch&#038;utm_medium=seo+upsc&#038;utm_campaign=seo&#038;utm_id=upsc\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Enroll now for UPSC Online Classes<\/a><\/span><\/p>\n<h2><span style=\"font-size: 18pt;\"><strong>Conclusion<\/strong><\/span><\/h2>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Natural Disasters leading to displacement and devastation\u00a0 cannot be prevented, therefore the focus should be on ensuring the safety and security of communities and societies in future\u00a0 by adopting certain Adaptation measures.\u00a0 And one way to do that is to invest in Disaster Resilient Infrastructure to Build Back Better.<\/span><\/p>\n<table style=\"width: 100.119%;\">\n<tbody>\n<tr style=\"height: 36px;\">\n<td style=\"width: 5577.45%; vertical-align: middle; text-align: center; border-style: solid; border-color: #000000; height: 36px;\" colspan=\"2\"><span style=\"font-size: 18pt;\"><b>Must Read<\/b><\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr style=\"height: 30px;\">\n<td style=\"width: 54.4983%; vertical-align: middle; text-align: center; border-style: solid; border-color: #000000; height: 30px;\"><strong><a href=\"https:\/\/pwonlyias.com\/stage\/ncert-notes\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">NCERT Notes For UPSC<\/a><\/strong><\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 5522.95%; vertical-align: middle; text-align: center; border-style: solid; border-color: #000000; height: 30px;\"><strong><a href=\"https:\/\/pwonlyias.com\/stage\/daily-current-affairs\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">UPSC Daily Current Affairs<\/a><\/strong><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr style=\"height: 30px;\">\n<td style=\"width: 54.4983%; vertical-align: middle; text-align: center; border-style: solid; border-color: #000000; height: 30px;\"><strong><a href=\"https:\/\/pwonlyias.com\/stage\/blogs\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">UPSC Blogs<\/a><\/strong><\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 5522.95%; 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