{"id":120603,"date":"2024-07-18T19:49:09","date_gmt":"2024-07-18T14:19:09","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/pwonlyias.com\/stage\/?post_type=current-affairs&#038;p=120603"},"modified":"2024-07-19T14:11:28","modified_gmt":"2024-07-19T08:41:28","slug":"public-policy-impacts-personal-choice-and-social-ties","status":"publish","type":"current-affairs","link":"https:\/\/pwonlyias.com\/stage\/current-affairs\/public-policy-impacts-personal-choice-and-social-ties","title":{"rendered":"How Public Policy Impacts Personal Choice And Social Ties"},"content":{"rendered":"<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Public policy often treats <\/span><b>people as passive beneficiaries<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">, ignoring their<\/span><b> personal choices and social ties.<\/b><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/pwonlyias.com\/stage\/upsc-notes\/role-of-women-and-womens-organizations\/\">Women<\/a> are <\/span><b>particularly affected<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">, often seen as mere<\/span><b> recipients rather than active agents<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">.\u00a0<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<table style=\"width: 99.9989%;\">\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<th style=\"width: 100%; border-style: solid; border-color: #000000; background-color: rgba(184, 165, 217, 0.53); text-align: left; vertical-align: middle;\">\n<h3><span style=\"font-size: 16pt; color: #000000;\"><b>Welfare Schemes Designed To Address Gender Gaps\u00a0<\/b><\/span><\/h3>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400; color: #000000;\">It focuses on improving the <a href=\"https:\/\/pwonlyias.com\/stage\/mains-answer-writing\/analyze-the-socio-cultural-economic-and-educational-factors-influencing-the-formation-of-gender-role-attitudes-in-contemporary-indian-society-enumerate-measures-for-promoting-gender-equality-10-m\/\">socio-economic conditions of women and girls<\/a>, ensuring they have equal opportunities and access to resources.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"color: #000000;\"><b><a href=\"https:\/\/pwonlyias.com\/stage\/women-empowerment-schemes\/\">Here are some notable schemes and initiatives aimed at bridging gender gaps<\/a>:<\/b><\/span><\/p>\n<ol>\n<li aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"color: #000000;\"><b>Educational Initiatives<\/b><\/span>\n<ul style=\"list-style-type: disc;\">\n<li aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"color: #000000;\"><b>Beti Bachao Beti Padhao (Save the Daughter, Educate the Daughter):<\/b><\/span>\n<ul style=\"list-style-type: circle;\">\n<li><span style=\"color: #000000;\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Objectives of the scheme are, to prevent <\/span><b>gender biased sex <\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">selective elimination, to ensure<\/span><b> survival and protectio<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">n of the girl child and to ensure <\/span><b>education<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> and participation of the girl child.<\/span><\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<li><span style=\"color: #000000;\"><b>Kasturba Gandhi Balika Vidyalaya (KGBV): <\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Provides <\/span><b>residential schooling facilities <\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">for girls from disadvantaged groups, particularly in underserved areas.<\/span><\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<li aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"color: #000000;\"><b>Social Security and Protection<\/b><\/span>\n<ul style=\"list-style-type: disc;\">\n<li aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"color: #000000;\"><b>One Stop Centre and Universalization of Women Helplines:<\/b><\/span>\n<ul style=\"list-style-type: circle;\">\n<li><span style=\"color: #000000;\"><b>One Stop Centres (OSCs), known as Sakhi Centres<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">: It provide integrated services to women affected by <\/span><b>violence<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">, including<\/span><b> police facilitation<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">, <\/span><b>medical<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> aid, <\/span><b>legal<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> aid, <\/span><b>psycho-socia<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">l counseling, and <\/span><b>temporary<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> shelter.<\/span><\/span><\/li>\n<li><span style=\"color: #000000;\"><b>Women Helpline (WHL) Scheme: It<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> provides <\/span><b>24-hour emergency<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> and non-emergency response to women affected by violence through a dedicated helpline number (<\/span><b>181<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">), offering support such as rescue vans, counseling, and information on women welfare schemes.<\/span><\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<li aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"color: #000000;\"><b>Swadhar Greh Scheme: <\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Provides <\/span><b>institutional suppor<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">t for women in difficult circumstances to help them lead their lives with dignity.<\/span><\/span><\/li>\n<li aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"color: #000000;\"><b>Ujjawala Scheme: <\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Aims to prevent trafficking and provide <\/span><b>rescue, rehabilitation, reintegration, and repatriation of victims<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> of trafficking for commercial sexual exploitation.<\/span><\/span><\/li>\n<li aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"color: #000000;\"><b>Working Women Hostel: <\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Provides safe and conveniently located accommodation for <\/span><b>working women<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">, with day care facilities for their children in urban, semi-urban, or rural areas.<\/span><\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<li><span style=\"color: #000000;\"><b>Economic Empowerment<\/b><\/span>\n<ul style=\"list-style-type: disc;\">\n<li><span style=\"color: #000000;\"><b>Deen Dayal Antyodaya Yojana &#8211; National Rural Livelihoods Mission (DAY-NRLM):<\/b><\/span>\n<ul style=\"list-style-type: circle;\">\n<li><span style=\"color: #000000;\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">It is the flagship program of the <\/span><b>Ministry of Rural Development (MoRD) <\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">for promoting poverty reduction through building strong institutions for the poor, particularly <\/span><b>women<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">, and enabling these institutions to access a range of financial services and livelihoods.<\/span><\/span><\/li>\n<li><span style=\"font-weight: 400; color: #000000;\">Provides financial support, skill development, and market linkages to enhance women\u2019s livelihoods.<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<li><span style=\"color: #000000;\"><b>Support to Training and Employment Program for Women (STEP): <\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">To provide <\/span><b>skills that give employability to women<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> and to provide competencies and skills that enable women to become self-employed\/entrepreneurs.<\/span><\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"color: #000000;\"><b>Mahila E-Haat: <\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">An online marketing platform to<\/span><b> support women entrepreneurs, <\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">self-help groups, and NGOs.<\/span><\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<li><span style=\"color: #000000;\"><b>Health and Nutrition<\/b><\/span>\n<ul style=\"list-style-type: disc;\">\n<li aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"color: #000000;\"><b>Pradhan Mantri Matru Vandana Yojana (PMMVY): <\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">A maternity benefit program providing <\/span><b>cash incentives to pregnant and lactating women<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> for their first live birth to improve health and nutrition outcomes.<\/span><\/span><\/li>\n<li aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"color: #000000;\"><b>Integrated Child Development Services (ICDS): <\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Focuses on providing food, <\/span><b>preschool education, <\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">and primary healthcare to children under 6 years and their mothers.<\/span><\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<li><span style=\"color: #000000;\"><b>Political and Social Participation<\/b><\/span>\n<ul style=\"list-style-type: disc;\">\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"color: #000000;\"><b>Reservation of Seats in Panchayats and Urban Local Bodies:<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> Provides for a <\/span><b>33% reservation of seats<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> for women in local governance institutions to enhance their political participation and leadership.<\/span><\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"color: #000000;\"><b>Mahila Shakti Kendra (MSK): <\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Empowers rural women through <\/span><b>community participation <\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">and facilitates<\/span><b> inter-sectoral convergence <\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">of schemes and programs meant for women.<\/span><\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"color: #000000;\"><b>Women&#8217;s Reservation Act, 2023:<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> It reserves <\/span><b>one-third of all seats for women<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> in <\/span><b>Lok Sabha, State legislative assemblies,<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> and the <\/span><b>Legislative Assembly of the National Capital Territory of Delh<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">i, including those reserved for SCs and STs.<\/span><\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<\/th>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<p>\u00a0<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><span class=\"vc_button\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.pw.live\/batches\/upsc?utm_source=seo+upsc+batch&#038;utm_medium=seo+upsc&#038;utm_campaign=seo&#038;utm_id=upsc\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Enroll now for UPSC Online Course<\/a><\/span><\/p>\n<p><strong><span style=\"font-size: 18pt;\">Public Policy Impacts Personal Choice And Social Ties<\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li aria-level=\"1\"><b>Economic Policies:<\/b>\n<ul>\n<li><b>Tax policies<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">, <\/span><b>minimum wage laws<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">, and <\/span><b>social welfare programs<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> impact personal financial decisions and economic stability.\u00a0<\/span><\/li>\n<li><b>Personal Autonomy Linked to Economic Autonomy: <\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Economic independence boosts<\/span><b> personal autonomy for women.<\/b><\/li>\n<li><b>Cash transfers<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> enhance<\/span><b> intra-household bargaining power<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> and can help <\/span><b>women leave unhappy or abusive marriages.<\/b><\/li>\n<li><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Policies should aim to<\/span><b> reduce women\u2019s dependence on arranged marriages and kinship ties<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> for economic security.<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<li aria-level=\"1\"><b>Social Norms and Values:<\/b>\n<ul>\n<li><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Policies that promote or restrict certain behaviors can influence social norms and values.\u00a0<\/span><\/li>\n<li><b>For example:<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> Policies supporting LGBTQ+ rights or gender equality can shift societal attitudes and foster inclusivity and acceptance.<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<li><b>Social Ties and Community: Urban planning and housing policies<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> can influence social ties by shaping the <\/span><b>physical and social environment<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">.\u00a0<\/span><\/li>\n<li><b>Family Policies: <\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Policies related to <\/span><b>parental leave, childcare, and family support <\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">can impact family dynamics and personal choices regarding career and family life. These policies can help balance work-life responsibilities and support family cohesion.<\/span><\/li>\n<li><b>Regulation and Behavior:<\/b>\n<ul>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"2\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Public policies often regulate behaviours that influence personal choices, such as<\/span><b> smoking bans in public places<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">, mandatory <\/span><b>seatbelt laws<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">, and <\/span><b>vaccination requirements<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">.\u00a0<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"2\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Regulations aim to promot<\/span><b>e public health and safety<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> but can also shape <\/span><b>individual behaviours and lifestyle choices.<\/b><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h2><span style=\"font-size: 18pt;\"><b>Public Policy and its Impact on the Autonomy of Marginalised Women<\/b><\/span><\/h2>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Public policy, while intended to support and empower marginalized sections of society, can sometimes inadvertently impose duties that may hinder personal autonomy and rights:<\/span><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><b>Social Expectations and Norms<\/b>\n<ul>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"2\"><b>Reinforcement of Gender Roles: <\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Policies that implicitly or explicitly reinforce traditional gender roles (e.g., women as primary caregivers) can perpetuate societal norms that restrict women\u2019s autonomy and limit their opportunities for personal and professional development.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"2\"><b>Questioning Traditional Views on Welfare:<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> Women are often targeted for welfare benefits based on their perceived \u201cgood behavior\u201d.<\/span>\n<ul>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"3\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Data shows women spend welfare cash on family welfare, but <\/span><b>women are diverse and not just passive recipients.<\/b><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"3\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Empowered women should not need to prove their t<\/span><b>rustworthiness to policy elites.<\/b><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"2\"><b>Community Responsibilities:<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> Assigning community-based responsibilities (e.g., managing local health programs or educational initiatives) to women without providing adequate resources or training can lead to overburdening and burnout.<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><span class=\"vc_button\"><a href=\"https:\/\/store.pw.live\/govt-entrance-exams\/upsc-books?utm_source=SEO&#038;utm_medium=PW+Live&#038;utm_campaign=UPSC+CSE+Books\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Check Out UPSC CSE Books From PW Store<\/span><\/a><\/span><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><b>Economic Independence:<\/b>\n<ul>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"2\"><b>Property Ownership:<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> According to the<\/span><b> National Family Health Survey<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> which interviewed women between the<\/span><b> ages 15 to 49 years<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">, only <\/span><b>13 per cent o<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">wn a house on<\/span><b> their own<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">, while <\/span><b>29 per cent <\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">report<\/span><b> joint ownership<\/b>\n<ul>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"3\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Government programs have pushed for <\/span><b>women to be primary beneficiaries <\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">to address <\/span><b>gender gaps in asset ownership<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> and the labor force.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"3\"><b>Personal Autonomy: <\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Independent economic security can <\/span><b>liberate marriages from traditional pressures<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">, fostering <\/span><b>love-based marriages.<\/b><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"2\"><b>Unpaid Care Work:<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> Policies that assume or reinforce traditional gender roles by expecting <\/span><b>women to undertake unpaid care work<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> (e.g., caring for the elderly or disabled) without <\/span><b>adequate support<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> can limit their economic independence and personal growth.<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<li><b>Burden of Compliance<\/b>\n<ul>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"2\"><b>Conditional Welfare Schemes:<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> Welfare schemes that are conditional on certain behaviours (e.g., school attendance for children, participation in community activities) can limit women\u2019s freedom to make choices that best suit their personal and family circumstances.<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h2><span style=\"font-size: 18pt;\"><b>Balanced Approach: Way Forward\u00a0<\/b><\/span><\/h2>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">To ensure that public policies support rather than hinder the autonomy of marginalised women, policymakers should consider the following approaches:<\/span><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><b>Incorporating Human-Centric Values in Policy Debates<\/b>\n<ul>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"2\"><b>Holistic Policy Frameworks:<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> Develop policy frameworks that explicitly <\/span><b>include goals related to dignity, autonomy, and human development<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">.\u00a0<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"2\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Standard welfare program evaluations<\/span><b> focus on economic metric<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">s like <\/span><b>consumption smoothing and leakages.<\/b><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"2\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Evaluations should also measure how<\/span><b> programs impact dignit<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">y and <\/span><b>personal autonomy.<\/b><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"2\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Policy discussions should consider the<\/span><b> humanity of beneficiarie<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">s, focusing on <\/span><b>love<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">, <\/span><b>pleasure<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">, and <\/span><b>purpose<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">.<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<li><b>Redefining Safety Nets and Power Structures:<\/b>\n<ul>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"2\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Effective safety nets can challenge <\/span><b>dominant masculine power structures.<\/b><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"2\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Welfare programs should be <\/span><b>studied for their impact on interpersonal relationships <\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">and social bonds.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"2\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">More investment in studying the <\/span><b>qualitative impacts of welfare schemes is needed.<\/b><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<li><b>Flexibility and Choice<\/b>\n<ul>\n<li><b>Flexible Conditions:<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> Design welfare programs with <\/span><b>flexible conditions <\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">that allow women to <\/span><b>meet requirements<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> in ways that best suit their circumstances.<\/span><\/li>\n<li><b>Multiple Options:<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> Provide multiple options for fulfilling <\/span><b>policy requirements, allowing women to choose the most appropriate<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> and least burdensome path.<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<li><b>Participatory Policy Design<\/b>\n<ul>\n<li><b>Stakeholder Engagement:<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> Involve a <\/span><b>diverse range of stakeholders,<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> including marginalised communities, in policy formulation and evaluation. This ensures that policies are responsive to the real needs and aspirations of the people they aim to serve.<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<li><b>Feedback, Monitoring and Evaluation<\/b>\n<ul>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"2\"><b>Feedback Mechanisms: <\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Establish mechanisms for <\/span><b>continuous feedback and adjustment <\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">to policies based on the experiences and inputs of the beneficiaries.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"2\"><b>Impact Assessment:<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> Regularly <\/span><b>monitor and evaluate the impact of policies<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> on <\/span><b>women\u2019s autonomy and rights<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">, using both quantitative and qualitative methods.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"2\"><b>Adjustments and Improvements: <\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Make necessary <\/span><b>adjustments to policies<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> based on evaluation findings to <\/span><b>enhance their effectiveness and minimise negative impacts<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> on autonomy.<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><b>Ethical Considerations:<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> Ensure that policies are grounded in <\/span><b>ethical principles that respect human dignity and promote social justice<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">.\u00a0<\/span>\n<ul>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"2\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Avoid <\/span><b>paternalistic approaches <\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">and empower individuals to make their own choices.<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><span class=\"vc_button\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.pw.live\/batches\/upsc\/pw-only-ias?utm_source=seo+upsc+batch&#038;utm_medium=seo+upsc&#038;utm_campaign=seo&#038;utm_id=upsc\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Enroll now for UPSC Online Classes<\/a><\/span><\/p>\n<h2><span style=\"font-size: 18pt;\"><b>Conclusion<\/b><\/span><\/h2>\n<ul>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">The credible impact of schemes ought to be measured not only by<\/span><b> standard measures of consumption smoothing and leakages<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> but also by how these<\/span><b> policy instruments impact the dignity and personal autonomy<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> of the marginalised.\u00a0<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">After all, each one of us lives for <\/span><b>love<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">, <\/span><b>pleasure<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">, and <\/span><b>purpose<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">; <\/span><b>not productivity and profit<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">.\u00a0<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Real people and their humanity <\/span><b>can\u2019t go missing in our debates on welfare policy.<\/b><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<table style=\"width: 100.024%;\">\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"width: 137.91%; text-align: center; border-style: solid; border-color: #000000;\" colspan=\"2\"><span style=\"font-size: 18pt;\"><b>Must Read<\/b><\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"width: 50.5357%; text-align: center; border-style: solid; border-color: #000000;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/pwonlyias.com\/stage\/editorial-analysis\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">UPSC Daily Editorials<\/span><\/a><\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 87.3743%; text-align: center; border-style: solid; border-color: #000000;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/pwonlyias.com\/stage\/daily-current-affairs\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">UPSC Daily Current Affairs<\/span><\/a><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"width: 50.5357%; 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