{"id":124287,"date":"2024-08-01T19:53:21","date_gmt":"2024-08-01T14:23:21","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/pwonlyias.com\/stage\/?post_type=current-affairs&#038;p=124287"},"modified":"2024-08-02T13:08:45","modified_gmt":"2024-08-02T07:38:45","slug":"border-talk-held-between-india-and-china","status":"publish","type":"current-affairs","link":"https:\/\/pwonlyias.com\/stage\/current-affairs\/border-talk-held-between-india-and-china","title":{"rendered":"30th round of border talk held between India and China"},"content":{"rendered":"<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">India and China<\/span><b> conducted the 30th meeting of the Working Mechanism for Consultation and Coordination<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> on India-China Border Affairs (WMCC)<\/span><b> in New Delhi.<\/b><\/p>\n<h2><span style=\"font-size: 18pt;\"><strong>30th round of border talk held between India and China<\/strong><\/span><\/h2>\n<p><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"wp-image-124267 alignright\" src=\"https:\/\/pwonlyias.com\/stage\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/08\/17-66ab92d2cd1f4.webp\" alt=\"border talk\" width=\"402\" height=\"229\" srcset=\"https:\/\/pwonlyias.com\/stage\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/08\/17-66ab92d2cd1f4.webp 743w, https:\/\/pwonlyias.com\/stage\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/08\/17-66ab92d2cd1f4-300x171.webp 300w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 402px) 100vw, 402px\" \/><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">The two countries have been<\/span><b> holding Corps Commander levels and the WMCC talks at the military and diplomatic levels<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> as part of efforts to resolve the stand-off along the LAC in eastern Ladakh.\u00a0<\/span>\n<ul>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"2\"><b>The 21st round of Corps Commande<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">r talks were held in February<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><b>Focus Area: T<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">he talks focussed on finding an <\/span><b>early resolution of the stand off\u00a0 along the Line of Actual Control (LAC) in eastern Ladakh<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> and remaining issues to stabilize and rebuild bilateral relations<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><b>Joint Statement:<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> Both the countries agreed on the need to<\/span><b> jointly uphold peace and tranquility on the ground<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> in the border areas in accordance with relevant bilateral agreements, protocols and understandings reached between the two governments<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><b>Indian Position: <\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">India maintained that <\/span><b>restoration of peace and tranquility, and respect for the LAC are \u201cessential basis<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">\u201d for restoration of normalcy in bilateral relations.<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><span class=\"vc_button\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.pw.live\/batches\/upsc?utm_source=seo+upsc+batch&#038;utm_medium=seo+upsc&#038;utm_campaign=seo&#038;utm_id=upsc\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Enroll now for UPSC Online Course<\/a><\/span><\/p>\n<h2><span style=\"font-size: 18pt;\"><b>Border Dispute Settlement Mechanisms between India and China<\/b><\/span><\/h2>\n<ul>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><b>Agreement on the Maintenance of Peace and Tranquility along the Line of Actual Control: <\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">The agreement provides a <\/span><b>framework for border security<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> between the parties <\/span><b>until final determination<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> is made regarding border demarcation.<\/span>\n<ul>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"2\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">The parties agree to r<\/span><b>educe troop levels c<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">ompatible with friendly and good relations between them.\u00a0<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"2\"><b>Confidence Building Measures: <\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">The Parties agreed\u00a0 to undertake confidence building measures along the LAC\u00a0 including by providing notification of troop movements.<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><b>The Agreement on Military Confidence Building Measures 1996: <\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">The agreement opened with a mention of the <\/span><b>five principles of peaceful coexistence<\/b>\n<ul>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"2\"><b>Share Military deployment details:<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> It aims to l<\/span><b>imit the military deployment <\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">and<\/span><b> sharing of details <\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">on how to deal with military exercises, air intrusions, overflights and landings by military aircraft near the LAC.\u00a0<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"2\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">It aims to <\/span><b>prevent &#8220;dangerous military activities&#8221; near LAC, covers CBMs <\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">such as &#8220;flag meetings and telecommunications&#8221; and deals with the accidental crossing of the LAC.\u00a0<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"2\"><b>Perception of LAC: Article 10 of <\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">the agreement mentioned the <\/span><b>exchange of maps between the two countries<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> to address the differing perception of LAC.<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><b>The Border Defence Co-operation Agreement 2013: <\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">The Agreement covers border stability and security, information asymmetry, smuggling, socio-economic reconstruction, environment and disease transmission along the line of actual control.<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h2><span style=\"font-size: 18pt;\"><b>India-China Border Dispute<\/b><\/span><\/h2>\n<ul>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><b>Border Dispute: I<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">ndia\u2019s border dispute with China is the most complex and longstanding one, involving an<\/span><b> ill-defined, 3,440 km-long Line of Actual Control (LAC) t<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">hat runs along the Himalayan region.\u00a0<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">The dispute stems from the<\/span><b> legacy of British colonialism and the 1962 Sino-Indian War.<\/b><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><b>Standoffs<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">: The two countries have had several clashes and stand-offs along the LAC, most notably in<\/span><b> 1967, 1987, 2013, 2017 and 2020-2021.<\/b>\n<ul>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"2\"><b>Doklam:<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> Chinese Incursion in the Doklam area in 2017 again ignited the border standoff between the countries which is still continuing<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"2\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">The latest conflict in the <\/span><b>Galwan Valley in June 2020 <\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">was the first fatal confrontation between the two sides since 1975, killing at least 20 Indian and four Chinese soldiers.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"2\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Till date<\/span><b> more than 50,000 troops on each side are stationed <\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">on both sides of the border.<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><b>Key Disputed Areas: T<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">he Indian Military has divided the <\/span><b>Line of Actual Control into 3 sectors,<\/b>\n<ul>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"2\"><b>The Western Sector: <\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">It spans across <\/span><b>Ladakh and the Chinese-held Aksai Chin<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> and is a <\/span><b>1,597 km-long LAC. T<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">he patrolling is done till 65 earmarked Patrol Points (PPs) stretching fro<\/span><b>m Karakoram to Chumur.<\/b>\n<ul>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"3\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">The recent dispute points <\/span><b>occurred at PP9, 10, 11, 12, 12A and 13 in Depsang, PP14 in Galwan, PP15 and PP16 in Hot Springs\/ Chang Chenmo, and PP17 and 17A in Gogra<\/b><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"2\"><b>The Central Sector:<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> It Spans across<\/span><b>\u00a0 Himachal Pradesh and Uttarakhan<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">d and is the least contentious area between the 2 countries but consist of\u00a0 certain flashpoints like <\/span><b>Tashigang-Shipki La in Himachal, Sang-Nelang-Pulam Sumda and Barahoti in Uttarakhand.<\/b><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"2\"><b>The Eastern Sector:<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> It comprise sites such as<\/span><b> Namkha Chu, Sumdorong Chu, Fish Tail 1 and Dibang valley in Sikkim and Arunachal Pradesh<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">. Although China claims the entire Aunanchal Pradesh Territory as its integral part.\u00a0<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">The two countries have also been competing to build infrastructure and assert their claims along the border, which has increased the risk of escalation.<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><span class=\"vc_button\"><a href=\"https:\/\/store.pw.live\/govt-entrance-exams\/upsc-books?utm_source=SEO&#038;utm_medium=PW+Live&#038;utm_campaign=UPSC+CSE+Books\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Check Out UPSC CSE Books From PW Store<\/span><\/a><\/span><\/p>\n<p><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"aligncenter wp-image-124268\" src=\"https:\/\/pwonlyias.com\/stage\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/08\/18-66ab92d1c367d.webp\" alt=\"border talk\" width=\"801\" height=\"408\" srcset=\"https:\/\/pwonlyias.com\/stage\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/08\/18-66ab92d1c367d.webp 907w, https:\/\/pwonlyias.com\/stage\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/08\/18-66ab92d1c367d-300x153.webp 300w, https:\/\/pwonlyias.com\/stage\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/08\/18-66ab92d1c367d-768x391.webp 768w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 801px) 100vw, 801px\" \/><\/p>\n<p>\u00a0<\/p>\n<table style=\"width: 100.03%;\">\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"width: 137.924%; 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