{"id":126410,"date":"2024-08-16T19:27:33","date_gmt":"2024-08-16T13:57:33","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/pwonlyias.com\/stage\/?post_type=current-affairs&#038;p=126410"},"modified":"2024-08-20T16:36:46","modified_gmt":"2024-08-20T11:06:46","slug":"indias-challenges-in-south-asia","status":"publish","type":"current-affairs","link":"https:\/\/pwonlyias.com\/stage\/current-affairs\/indias-challenges-in-south-asia","title":{"rendered":"India\u2019s Challenges in South Asia"},"content":{"rendered":"<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">With the experience of<\/span><b> significant geopolitical challenges in India\u2019s neighbourhood since 2021,<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> the time has come to <\/span><b>reassess its diplomatic strategies and regional engagement <\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">with neighbouring countries.<\/span><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">India<\/span><b> must learn lessons from the changes<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> in most of its neighbourhood.<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h2><span style=\"font-size: 18pt;\"><strong>About South Asia<\/strong><\/span><\/h2>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">South Asia is home to <\/span><b>one of the world\u2019s earliest known civilizations, the Indus civilization,<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> and today is one of the most densely populated regions on the planet.<\/span><b> South Asia\u2019s people are its biggest asset but remain wastefully underutilised.<\/b><\/p>\n<p><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"wp-image-126413 alignright\" src=\"https:\/\/pwonlyias.com\/stage\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/08\/161-66bf5678533d7.webp\" alt=\"South Asia\" width=\"404\" height=\"454\" srcset=\"https:\/\/pwonlyias.com\/stage\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/08\/161-66bf5678533d7.webp 643w, https:\/\/pwonlyias.com\/stage\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/08\/161-66bf5678533d7-267x300.webp 267w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 404px) 100vw, 404px\" \/><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><b>Comprises:<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> South Asia includes the countries of <\/span><b>Bangladesh, Bhutan, India, Pakistan, Nepal, and Sri Lanka; Afghanistan and the Maldives <\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">are often considered part of South Asia as well.\u00a0<\/span>\n<ul>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"2\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">The term is often used synonymously with <\/span><b>\u201cIndian subcontinent,\u201d <\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">though the latter term is sometimes used more restrictively to refer to Bangladesh, India, and Pakistan.<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><b>Significance of South Asia:\u00a0<\/b>\n<ul>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"2\"><b>Strategic Location: <\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Southeast Asia has its strategic location due to its location between the <\/span><b>Arabian Sea and the Bay of Bengal <\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">and abundant natural resources. Many major powers, like China, sought to influence the region.<\/span>\n<ul>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"3\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">The region is also home to several <\/span><b>nuclear powers,<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> including India and Pakistan.\u00a0<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"2\"><b>Economic Significance:<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> Half its population is under the age of 24 and over one million young people are set to enter the<\/span><b> labour force <\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">every month until 2030.<\/span>\n<ul>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"3\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">If the quantity and quality of South Asia\u2019s human capital were to improve, <\/span><b>regional GDP per worker could double.<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">\u00a0<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><span class=\"vc_button\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.pw.live\/batches\/upsc?utm_source=seo+upsc+batch&#038;utm_medium=seo+upsc&#038;utm_campaign=seo&#038;utm_id=upsc\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Enroll now for UPSC Online Course<\/a><\/span><\/p>\n<h2><span style=\"font-size: 18pt;\"><strong>Concerning Recent Events in India\u2019s Neighbourhood<\/strong><\/span><\/h2>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">From the start of this decade, India has received one shock after another in its neighbourhood.\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><b>Myanmar:<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> Coup in 2021<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><b>Afghanistan: <\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">The Taliban takeover in 2022<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><b>Pakistan: <\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">The ouster of Prime Minister Imran Khan from office<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><b>Sri Lanka: <\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Riots that pushed Gotabaya Rajapaksa out of the country<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><b>Maldives: <\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Electoral change that pushed the more India-friendly Solih government out<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><b>Nepal:<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> Electoral change wrought by coalitions collapsing, has brought the less India-friendly Oli government in.\u00a0<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><b>Bangladesh: <\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">The shock of Prime Minister Sheikh Hasina\u2019s dramatic departure has left India scrambling to reach out to her successors.\u00a0<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h2><span style=\"font-size: 18pt;\"><strong>Lessons for India from these Events<\/strong><\/span><\/h2>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Following lessons need to be learned by India from the present scenario and need to work accordingly.<\/span><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li aria-level=\"1\"><b>Need to Avoid One-Sided Engagement: <\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">India often stayed on one side of the fence i.e., aligned with specific governments, and ignored to keep a close contact with the opposition.\u00a0<\/span>\n<ul>\n<li><b>Example:<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> In <\/span><b>Bangladesh,<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> India aligned with Sheikh Hasina\u2019s party (Awami League) and ignored the opposition (Bangladesh Nationalist Party).\u00a0<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<li><b>Strengthen Ties with Allies and Reputation:<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> India must never forget its friends and need to consistently provide support to them. In South Asia, leaders often lose power, only to return after some time.<\/span>\n<ul>\n<li><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">India\u2019s refusal to help Afghan officials after the Taliban takeover harmed its reputation as a reliable partner. However,<\/span><b> India has done well by allowing Sheikh Hasina to stay in India until she finds another safe destination<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> is a remarkable step.\u00a0<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<li><b>Avoid Communal Lenses: <\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">South Asia is a region of<\/span><b> religious majorities, <\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">the<\/span><b> assumption that good ties are somehow linked to religion in any way, is faulty.\u00a0<\/b>\n<ul>\n<li><b>Hindu-majority Nepal <\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">has been one of India\u2019s most difficult relationships, while <\/span><b>Buddhist-majority Bhutan and Muslim-majority Maldives<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> have often been its best allies.\u00a0<\/span><\/li>\n<li><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">The government\u2019s move on the <\/span><b>Citizenship (Amendment) Act, <\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">to fast-track citizenship only for non-Muslims from Muslim-majority countries (Afghanistan, Pakistan, Bangladesh) <\/span><b>can damage relationships <\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">with neighbourhood \u2014 not just in the countries it mentions, but others who see it as India\u2019s overreach.\u00a0<\/span><\/li>\n<li><b>India\u2019s concern for minorities in Bangladesh <\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">in the wake of Ms. Hasina\u2019s removal is well placed, but<\/span><b> must be expressed more discreetly.<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">\u00a0<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<li aria-level=\"1\"><b>Revival of South Asian Mechanisms: <\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">The region must not become a playground for the US-China rivalries, where neither shows a sensitivity to India\u2019s interests.\u00a0<\/span>\n<ul>\n<li><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">India must revive pan-South Asian mechanisms such as the<\/span><b> South Asian Association for Regional Cooperation (SAARC), and the Bay of Bengal Initiative for Multi-Sectoral Technical and Economic Cooperation, or BIMSTEC<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> and find ways to <\/span><b>engage with the neighbourhood without external interference.\u00a0<\/b><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><b>Inclusive Growth and Development: <\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Not just India but all South Asian capitals must focus on <\/span><b>addressing issues of joblessness and unequal growth.\u00a0<\/b><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h2><span style=\"font-size: 18pt;\"><strong>Regionalism in South Asia<\/strong><\/span><\/h2>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">The nature and context of the formation of the states in South Asia<\/span><b> after the process of decolonisation and the impact of the Cold War<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> on the region played major roles in not allowing the idea of regionalism to grow in the region.\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><span class=\"vc_button\"><a href=\"https:\/\/store.pw.live\/govt-entrance-exams\/upsc-books?utm_source=SEO&#038;utm_medium=PW+Live&#038;utm_campaign=UPSC+CSE+Books\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Check Out UPSC CSE Books From PW Store<\/span><\/a><\/span><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><b>Background: <\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">The<\/span><b> Partition of British India into India and Pakistan, the secession of Bangladesh from Pakistan, and the wars involved <\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">in the process became the main impediments that stopped the dissemination of the idea of regionalism in South Asia.<\/span>\n<ul>\n<li><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">In addition,<\/span><b> the contradiction between the foundational principles of India and Pakistan <\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">did not allow any kind of meaningful cooperation between these countries.<\/span><\/li>\n<li><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">As far as the<\/span><b> impact of the Cold War <\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">is concerned, it played a significant role in the formation and consolidation of the European Union as a successful example of regionalism and regional cooperation. However, it<\/span><b> prevented any sort of cooperative ventures in South Asia.<\/b><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<li><b>Opportunities for Regionalism in South Asia:<\/b>\n<ul>\n<li><b>Stability: <\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Regional cooperation can lead to greater stability and security by promoting dialogue and understanding among countries.<\/span><\/li>\n<li><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"wp-image-126414 alignright\" src=\"https:\/\/pwonlyias.com\/stage\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/08\/162-66bf567769369.webp\" alt=\"South Asia\" width=\"405\" height=\"374\" srcset=\"https:\/\/pwonlyias.com\/stage\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/08\/162-66bf567769369.webp 636w, https:\/\/pwonlyias.com\/stage\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/08\/162-66bf567769369-300x277.webp 300w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 405px) 100vw, 405px\" \/><b>Development: <\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Regional cooperation can lead to greater investment in infrastructure, such as transportation and energy projects that can <\/span><b>improve connectivity and economic growth.<\/b>\n<ul>\n<li><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Also, regional cooperation can help to integrate the economies of the countries and make them <\/span><b>more competitive in the global market.<\/b><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<li><b>Shared Vision: <\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Regionalism cooperation can help the countries to develop a shared vision for their future and <\/span><b>work together to achieve common goals.<\/b><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<li aria-level=\"1\"><b>Challenges with Regional Cooperation in South Asia:<\/b>\n<ul>\n<li><b>Low Trade: <\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">South Asia\u2019s intra-regional trade is the lowest globally, constituting only 5% of the region\u2019s total trade. Trade among South Asian countries currently totals just $23 billion far below an estimated value of<\/span><b> at least $67 billion.<\/b>\n<ul>\n<li><b>Significant economic disparities<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> between South Asian countries in the region make it difficult to establish a level playing field for trade and investment.<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<li><b>External Influence: <\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">The external powers influence bilateral relations in South Asia because no region exists in the vacuum. It is influenced by outside powers- <\/span><b>China and the US <\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">remain key players in South Asian politics.<\/span>\n<ul>\n<li><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Recent Chinese actions and policies in South Asia as well as its maritime neighbours, including Indian Ocean island nations, have made it necessary for India to take its neighbours very seriously.<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<li><b>Territorial Issues: <\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Territorial disputes in South Asia continue to pose threat to the region\u2019s peace, security, and development, because most of the nation-states\u2019 borders were drawn during British colonial rule, territorial disputes in South Asia remain fiercely fought, fragile, and chaotic.<\/span><\/li>\n<li><b>Inefficient Management of Global Supply Chain: <\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">South Asia\u2019s international trade integration is lower than the global average.\u00a0<\/span>\n<ul>\n<li><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Also, risks as diverse as extreme weather events, cyberattacks, sanctions and tariffs, and financial performance across both suppliers and transport routes can all have devastating impacts on the reliability of a supply chain.<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<li><b>Political Tensions:<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> Various historical conflicts, border disputes, and ongoing political tensions make it difficult to foster cooperation and regional integration.<\/span><\/li>\n<li><b>Trust Issues: <\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Lack of trust between countries of South Asia is a major obstacle to regional cooperation and integration.<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h2><span style=\"font-size: 18pt;\"><strong>India\u2019s Challenges in South Asia<\/strong><\/span><\/h2>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Following are the various challenges faced by India that need to be considered and tackled.<\/span><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><b>Kashmir as the Unfinished Agenda: <\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Pakistan sees the Kashmir question as the unfinished agenda of Partition and is not willing to put it aside even temporarily to develop a limited but positive engagement with India and facilitate South Asian regional integration under the auspices of SAARC.\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0<\/span><\/li>\n<li><b>Economic Partitions and Political Barriers: <\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">The Subcontinent\u2019s political partition was paralleled by an economic divide, as India and its neighbours embraced autarky, reinforcing borders as both political and commercial barriers.<\/span><\/li>\n<li><b>Akhand Bharat Vision:<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> The<\/span><b> Rashtriya Swayamsevak Sangh (RSS) version of \u201cAkhand Bharat\u201d or \u201cGreater India\u201d or the liberal version<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> of an integrated Subcontinent are both viewed with deep suspicion.\u00a0<\/span>\n<ul>\n<li><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">The neighbouring elites see a<\/span><b> fundamental contradiction<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> between a regional order led by India and their national sovereignties.<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<li><b>Political Flip-Flop:<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> The same party and the same leader can adopt both positions at different times towards India.<\/span>\n<ul>\n<li><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Imran Khan attacked Nawaz Sharif for his presumed warmth towards the Indian PM. However, in the run-up to the 2019 Indian general election, he stated that the Indian PM was Pakistan\u2019s best bet in resolving the Kashmir question.<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<li><b>Rise of Politically Anti-India Regime:<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> Various neighbouring countries expressing the rise of politically anti-Indian regime such as <\/span><b>Maldives,<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> an anti-India in an instrumental sense,<\/span> <span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">the newly elected government was effectively<\/span><b> asking Indians to pack up and leave.<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> Also, in Bangladesh, the Bangladesh Nationalist Party (led byKhaleda Zia) is ideologically anti-India.<\/span><\/li>\n<li><b>China\u2019s Footprint in South Asia:\u00a0<\/b>\n<ul>\n<li><b>China\u2019s Belt and Road Initiative (BRI): <\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Many South Asian countries are increasingly entangled in Chinese infrastructure projects.<\/span><\/li>\n<li><b>China\u2019s Outreach: China outreach to South Asian states when the rest of the World abandons or avoids them<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> such as during<\/span><b> Taliban-led Afghanistan, military-ruled Myanmar and crisis-hit Sri Lanka highlights its growing influence.<\/b><\/li>\n<li><b>Border Settlements: <\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">China\u2019s desire to <\/span><b>settle border disputes with its neighbours (minus India), <\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">as seen in the case of Bhutan, further strengthens its regional ties.<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><b>Influence of Other Countries: <\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">The influence of the <\/span><b>Middle East<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> \u2014 Qatar, Saudi Arabia, Turkey, and the United Arab Emirates \u2014 is rising amidst their growing economic and military capabilities in South Asia.<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h2><span style=\"font-size: 18pt;\"><b>Way Forward<\/b><\/span><\/h2>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Following measures are suggested for countries of South Asia to maintain collaboration and integrate further.<\/span><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><b>A Realistic and Pragmatic Framing:<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> It would help India to deal with the reality that South Asia and its balance of power have changed fundamentally. China has emerged as a serious contender for regional primacy.\u00a0<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><b>Constructive Engagement: <\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">India needs to proactively pursue the involvement of friendly external actors in the region. It would help India to deal with the possibility of the region becoming Sino-centric.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><b>Flexible Diplomacy:<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> India needs to pursue flexible diplomacy to engage multiple actors to regain neighbours\u2019 trust and dilute the anti-India attitude.\u00a0<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><b>Increase in Diplomatic Pursuits:<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> India needs to work on the shortage of sufficient diplomats to implement the foreign policy.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><b>Strengthening Existing Associations:<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> Existing associations like SAARC\u00a0 and BIMSTEC need to be strengthened.<\/span>\n<ul>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"2\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Time has come to unlink domestic sentiments from the economic rationale, engaging in diplomacy to combat concerns and focus on addressing contemporary issues like climate change, cyberattacks, countering terrorism etc.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"2\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Also, countries in the region need to work together to address poverty and inequality, and promote economic development and opportunities for all, particularly for marginalised groups.<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><b>Step Towards Self-Reliance: <\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">By offering freer transit trade, the development of supply and logistic chains, digital data interchange, single-window and digitised clearance systems, risk assessment and minimisation measures, wider use of trade lines of credit, denser connectivity, smoother cross-border inspections, etc.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><b>People-to-people Connect:<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> Priority should be given to people-to-people connections and deep cultural affinities for sustained cordiality and stability.\u00a0<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><span class=\"vc_button\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.pw.live\/batches\/upsc\/pw-only-ias?utm_source=seo+upsc+batch&#038;utm_medium=seo+upsc&#038;utm_campaign=seo&#038;utm_id=upsc\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Enroll now for UPSC Online Classes<\/a><\/span><\/p>\n<h2><span style=\"font-size: 18pt;\"><strong>Conclusion<\/strong><\/span><\/h2>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">India\u2019s dilemmas in the South Asia region call for<\/span><b> a strategic overhaul, involving realistic approaches, collaboration with neighbouring nations, adaptable diplomacy, increased diplomatic efforts, and innovative solutions<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> to effectively navigate the complexities posed by China\u2019s expanding influence.<\/span><\/p>\n<table style=\"width: 100.031%;\">\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"width: 137.936%; 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