{"id":126427,"date":"2024-08-16T19:36:02","date_gmt":"2024-08-16T14:06:02","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/pwonlyias.com\/stage\/?post_type=current-affairs&#038;p=126427"},"modified":"2024-08-19T12:55:57","modified_gmt":"2024-08-19T07:25:57","slug":"national-pest-surveillance-system","status":"publish","type":"current-affairs","link":"https:\/\/pwonlyias.com\/stage\/current-affairs\/national-pest-surveillance-system","title":{"rendered":"National Pest Surveillance System (NPSS)"},"content":{"rendered":"<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">An <\/span><b>AI based National Pest Surveillance System (NPSS<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">) was launched by the Union Government to help <\/span><b>farmers to connect with agriculture scientists<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> and experts on <\/span><b>controlling pests<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">.<\/span><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">The System is <\/span><b>proposed for key pests of selected crops i.e. Rice, Cotton, Maize, Mango and Chilies<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> benefitting about 14 crore farmers in the country<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h2><span style=\"font-size: 18pt;\"><b>About National Pest Surveillance System (NPSS)<\/b><\/span><\/h2>\n<ul>\n<li><b>Implementing Agencies: <\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">The project is a collaborative Initiative by the <\/span><b>Directorate of Plant Protection, Quarantine &#038; Storage and ICAR-National Research Centre for Integrated Pest Management<\/b><\/li>\n<li><b>Modal Ministry:<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> Ministry of Agriculture &#038; Farmers Welfare, GOI<\/span><\/li>\n<li><b>Aim: <\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">To reduce the d<\/span><b>ependence of farmers on pesticide retailers<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> and inculcate a scientific approach among them towards pest management<\/span><b> by analyzing the latest data on pests using AI tools\u00a0<\/b><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><span class=\"vc_button\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.pw.live\/batches\/upsc?utm_source=seo+upsc+batch&#038;utm_medium=seo+upsc&#038;utm_campaign=seo&#038;utm_id=upsc\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Enroll now for UPSC Online Course<\/a><\/span><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><b>Structure of NPPS:<\/b><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><b><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"aligncenter wp-image-126416\" src=\"https:\/\/pwonlyias.com\/stage\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/08\/164-66bf5675d8dd6.webp\" alt=\"National Pest Surveillance System\" width=\"600\" height=\"320\" srcset=\"https:\/\/pwonlyias.com\/stage\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/08\/164-66bf5675d8dd6.webp 1140w, https:\/\/pwonlyias.com\/stage\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/08\/164-66bf5675d8dd6-300x160.webp 300w, https:\/\/pwonlyias.com\/stage\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/08\/164-66bf5675d8dd6-1024x546.webp 1024w, https:\/\/pwonlyias.com\/stage\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/08\/164-66bf5675d8dd6-768x410.webp 768w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 600px) 100vw, 600px\" \/><\/b><b><\/b><\/p>\n<table style=\"width: 99.8983%;\">\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"text-align: center; width: 9.43775%; border-style: solid; border-color: #000000;\">\n<h3><span style=\"font-size: 16pt;\"><b>Crop\u00a0<\/b><\/span><\/h3>\n<\/td>\n<td style=\"text-align: center; width: 90.9454%; border-style: solid; border-color: #000000;\">\n<h3><span style=\"font-size: 16pt;\"><b>Pest<\/b><\/span><\/h3>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"width: 9.43775%; border-style: solid; border-color: #000000;\"><b>Rice\u00a0<\/b><\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 90.9454%; border-style: solid; border-color: #000000;\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Brown planthopper, Rice leaffolders, Rice seed midge<\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"width: 9.43775%; border-style: solid; border-color: #000000;\"><b>Cotton\u00a0<\/b><\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 90.9454%; border-style: solid; border-color: #000000;\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Fruit borer (Helicoverpa armigera), Pink bollworm, Spotted bollworms<\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"width: 9.43775%; border-style: solid; border-color: #000000;\"><b>Maize\u00a0<\/b><\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 90.9454%; border-style: solid; border-color: #000000;\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Spotted stem borer, pink stem borer [Sesamia inferens Walker], shoot fly [Atherigona spp.] and fall armyworm [Spodoptera frugiperda<\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"width: 9.43775%; border-style: solid; border-color: #000000;\"><b>Mango\u00a0<\/b><\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 90.9454%; border-style: solid; border-color: #000000;\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Mango\u00a0 hoppers, mealy bug, stem borer, fruit fly, mango nut weevil<\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"width: 9.43775%; border-style: solid; border-color: #000000;\"><b>Chillies\u00a0<\/b><\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 90.9454%; border-style: solid; border-color: #000000;\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Gram pod borer, Tobacco caterpillar, Spider mites, Root-knot nematodes, Thrips.<\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"width: 9.43775%; border-style: solid; border-color: #000000;\"><b>Wheat\u00a0<\/b><\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 90.9454%; border-style: solid; border-color: #000000;\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Fall armyworm, Russian wheat aphid, Aphids<\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<ul>\n<li><b>Significance:\u00a0<\/b>\n<ul>\n<li aria-level=\"2\"><b>Timely Access: <\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">The system will provide <\/span><b>easy and timely access to expert support <\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">for pest identification and pest surveillance based pest management advice to farmers<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"2\"><b>Minimize Risk: <\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">The system will assist in avoiding and<\/span><b> better preparation for epidemics <\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">which will help minimize crop loss due to pests with the real data submission by Government,resources &#038; lead farmers.<\/span><b>Developing a National Repository: A<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> repository of national pest scenario will be available to <\/span><b>various public agencies, working in the field of plant protection to identify the pest hotspots<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> and formulate plant protection policies.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"2\"><b>Automate process: T<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">he NPSS\u00a0 platform will leverage digital technologies such as Artificial Intelligence (Al) and smart phones, to automate the process of providing expert support on pest identification and management.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"2\"><b>Field based Mode:<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> NPSS will connect scientists with the fields as <\/span><b>Farmers will be the point source of information by taking photos<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> of the infested crops or the insect using the NPSS platform and these will reach scientists and experts.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"2\"><b>Address Pesticide Overuse Problem: <\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">NPSS will help the farmers to use the correct quantity of correct pesticide at the correct time by giving timely advisories.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"2\"><b>Precision Diagnosis: <\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">The Technology will help in accurate diagnosis and accurate treatment building confidence among farmers and increasing production<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h2><span style=\"font-size: 18pt;\"><b>Economic Cost of Pest Attacks<\/b><\/span><\/h2>\n<ul>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><b>Global estimates:<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> As per FAO,<\/span><b> Pests account for 20-40% of yield losses worldwide, <\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">costing the global economy a <\/span><b>combined $290 billion<\/b>\n<ul>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"2\"><b>Yield losses of up to 70% ca<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">n occur across many major food crops, with<\/span><b> weeds contributing for the highest losses at 30%<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">, followed by animal pests and pathogens at 23% and 17%, respectively in the absence of crop protection.<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><b>Climate Change: <\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">\u00a0Some figures assert that <\/span><b>every 1 degree increase in global temperatures will increase pest-linked yield losses by 10-25%.<\/b><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><b>India: <\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">The crop yield losses due to<\/span><b> insect pests, diseases, nematodes, weeds and rodents range from 15-25 percent in India, amounting to 0.9 to 1.4 lakh crore rupees a year\u00a0<\/b><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><span class=\"vc_button\"><a href=\"https:\/\/store.pw.live\/govt-entrance-exams\/upsc-books\/upsc-modules?utm_source=SEO&#038;utm_medium=PW+Live&#038;utm_campaign=UPSC+Modules\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Check Out UPSC Modules From PW Store<\/span><\/a><\/span><\/p>\n<table>\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<th style=\"border-style: solid; border-color: #000000; background-color: rgba(184, 165, 217, 0.53); text-align: left; vertical-align: middle;\"><span style=\"color: #000000;\"><b>India\u2019s Plant Quarantine System:<\/b><\/span><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"color: #000000;\"><b>Implementing Agency: <\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">The<\/span><b> Directorate of Plant Protection, Quarantine &#038; Storage <\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">under the Ministry of Agriculture &#038; Farmers Welfare looks after issues related to plant quarantine.\u00a0<\/span><\/span><\/li>\n<li aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"color: #000000;\"><b>Legal Provision<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">: Plant Quarantine regulatory measures are operative through the <\/span><b>\u2018Destructive Insects &#038; Pests Act, 1914 (Act2 of 1914)\u2019<\/b><\/span>\n<ul>\n<li aria-level=\"2\"><span style=\"color: #000000;\"><b>Import Regulation: <\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">The import of agricultural commodities is presently regulated through the<\/span><b> Plant Quarantine (Regulation of Import in to India) Order, 2003\u00a0<\/b><\/span>\n<ul>\n<li><span style=\"color: #000000;\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">For import of new commodities, <\/span><b>Pest Risk Analysis is mandatory<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> and should be submitted<\/span><b> to the Plant Protection Adviser to the Govt. of India.<\/b><\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<li aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"color: #000000;\"><b>\u00a0Objective:<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> It is to inspect imported agricultural commodities for preventing the introduction of exotic pests and diseases inimical to Indian fauna and flora.<\/span><\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/th>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<p>\u00a0<\/p>\n<table style=\"width: 100.03%;\">\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"width: 138.418%; 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