{"id":130927,"date":"2024-09-09T19:32:20","date_gmt":"2024-09-09T14:02:20","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/pwonlyias.com\/stage\/?post_type=current-affairs&#038;p=130927"},"modified":"2024-09-10T14:25:24","modified_gmt":"2024-09-10T08:55:24","slug":"changes-in-monsoon-patterns-in-india","status":"publish","type":"current-affairs","link":"https:\/\/pwonlyias.com\/stage\/current-affairs\/changes-in-monsoon-patterns-in-india","title":{"rendered":"Arctic Sea Ice Levels and Changes in Monsoon Patterns in India"},"content":{"rendered":"<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">A recent study has<\/span><b> shed light on the effects on Indian Monsoon by seasonal changes in the Arctic sea ice levels.<\/b><\/p>\n<h2><span style=\"font-size: 18pt;\"><b>About the Study<\/b><\/span><\/h2>\n<ul>\n<li><b>Published In:<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> The Study is published in the<\/span><b> journal Remote Sensing of Environment\u00a0<\/b><\/li>\n<li><b>Conducted By: <\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">The research is a collaboration between<\/span><b> India\u2019s National Centre for Polar and Ocean Research (NCPOR<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">), under the Ministry of Earth Sciences, and<\/span><b> South Korea\u2019s Korea Polar Research Institute.<\/b><\/li>\n<li><b>Subject:<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> To check how the <\/span><b>Arctic sea ice levels affect atmospheric circulations <\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">that in turn influence the Indian Summer Monsoon Rainfall.<\/span><\/li>\n<li><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"wp-image-130903 alignright\" src=\"https:\/\/pwonlyias.com\/stage\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/09\/95-66def91797f28.webp\" alt=\"Arctic Sea Ice Levels\" width=\"452\" height=\"452\" srcset=\"https:\/\/pwonlyias.com\/stage\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/09\/95-66def91797f28.webp 742w, https:\/\/pwonlyias.com\/stage\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/09\/95-66def91797f28-300x300.webp 300w, https:\/\/pwonlyias.com\/stage\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/09\/95-66def91797f28-150x150.webp 150w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 452px) 100vw, 452px\" \/><b>Data Source: <\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Observational data from the <\/span><b>period of\u00a0 1980 to 2020 <\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">were used along with climate models (specifically Coupled Model Intercomparison Project Phases 5 and 6)<\/span><\/li>\n<li><b>Findings:<\/b>\n<ul>\n<li><b>Role of Climate Change:<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> Climate Change <\/span><b>accelerates the reduction of Arctic sea ice <\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">and exacerbates the variability and unpredictability of the ISMR<\/span>\n<ul>\n<li><b>Lower Arctic sea ice can lead to more frequent and severe droughts in western and peninsular India<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> regions while causing excessive rainfall and flooding in central and northern India.<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<li><b>Influence Monsoon Onset: <\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Lower sea ice levels in the <\/span><b>upper latitudes<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> (mainly in the Barents-Kara Sea region encompassing the Hudson Bay, the Gulf of St. Lawrence and the Sea of Okhotsk)<\/span><b> delay the monsoon\u2019s onset<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> rendering it more unpredictable.<\/span><\/li>\n<li><b>Changes in Several Atmospheric Systems:\u00a0<\/b>\n<ul>\n<li><b>Increased Sea Ice Levels in the Central Arctic:<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> It results in the heat transfer from the ocean to the atmosphere <\/span><b>triggering a cyclonic circulation <\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">at slightly lower latitudes (North Atlantic)<\/span><\/li>\n<li><b>Rossby Waves<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">:The cyclonic circulation bolsters the Rossby waves<\/span><b> resulting in high pressure over northwest India and low pressure over the Mediterranean region.<\/b>\n<ul style=\"list-style-type: disc;\">\n<li><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">These are<\/span><b> fast-flowing streams of air high in the atmosphere created by the earth\u2019s rotation <\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">and differences in temperature and weather systems that <\/span><b>move west to east.<\/b><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<li><b>Strengthening Jet Stream:<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> The circulation <\/span><b>strengthens the Asian jet stream<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> over the Caspian Sea, causing the<\/span><b> subtropical easterly jet <\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">(a jet stream blowing over the Indian subcontinent <\/span><b>during summer to shift northward)<\/b><\/li>\n<li><b>An anomalous high pressure region<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> is created over Central Asia as a result disrupting atmospheric stability over the Indian landmass and <\/span><b>bringing more rain over western and peninsular India.<\/b><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<li><b>Low sea ice over the Barents-Kara Sea region:<\/b>\n<ul>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"3\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">It triggers a series of air currents that produce an <\/span><b>anomalous high pressure over southwest China.<\/b><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"3\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">The heat from the Barents-Kara sea<\/span><b> creates an anticyclonic circulation (calm, clear skies) over northwest Europe <\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">disturbing the upper atmospheric region over subtropical Asia and India.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"3\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">The instability along with high surface temperature of the Arabian Sea p<\/span><b>romotes high rainfall over northeastern India <\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">while leaving central and northwest regions of the country with deficient rainfall.<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><span class=\"vc_button\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.pw.live\/batches\/upsc?utm_source=seo+upsc+batch&#038;utm_medium=seo+upsc&#038;utm_campaign=seo&#038;utm_id=upsc\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\">Enroll now for UPSC Online Course<\/a><\/span><\/p>\n<table>\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"border-style: solid; border-color: #000000;\">\n<h3><span style=\"font-size: 16pt;\"><b>Indian Monsoon<\/b><\/span><\/h3>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/pwonlyias.com\/stage\/ncert-notes\/southwest-monsoon-season-india\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Monsoon<\/a> is a <\/span><b>seasonal change in the direction <\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">of the prevailing, or strongest, winds of a region.\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><b>Indian Summer Monsoon Rainfall: <\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">India gets <\/span><b>southwest monsoon winds in the summers<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> (formation of an <\/span><b>intense low-pressure system ie. ITCZ due to differential heating<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> over the Tibetan Plateau)\u00a0<\/span>\n<ul>\n<li><b>Coriolis Force: <\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">\u00a0The Coriolis Force <\/span><b>deflects the Trade winds towards the Indian landmass<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> after they cross the equator.\u00a0<\/span><\/li>\n<li><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">The winds<\/span><b> blowing\u00a0 over the Arabian Sea picks up moisture<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> and deposit that as rain over India.<\/span><\/li>\n<li><b>Branches:<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> The southwest monsoon<\/span><b> splits into two branches ie. The Arabian Sea a<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">rm (brings rain to the west coast)\u00a0 and the<\/span><b> Bay of Bengal arm <\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">(brings rain to India\u2019s eastern and northeastern parts) over the landmass.\u00a0<\/span>\n<ul>\n<li><b>Convergence: <\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">The arms finally <\/span><b>converge over Punjab and Himachal Pradesh <\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">as the Arabian Sea arm moves inward and the Bay of Bengal arm moves along the Himalaya.<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<li><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">India Winter Monsoon Rainfall: The <\/span><b>northeast monsoons is the reversal phase of monsoon during the winters<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> (due to the high-pressure cells that are formed over the Siberian and Tibetan plateaus.)<\/span><\/li>\n<li><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"wp-image-130904 alignright\" src=\"https:\/\/pwonlyias.com\/stage\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/09\/96-66def9170ce0a.webp\" alt=\"Arctic Sea Ice Levels\" width=\"403\" height=\"330\" srcset=\"https:\/\/pwonlyias.com\/stage\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/09\/96-66def9170ce0a.webp 692w, https:\/\/pwonlyias.com\/stage\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/09\/96-66def9170ce0a-300x246.webp 300w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 403px) 100vw, 403px\" \/><b>Factors affecting the onset of monsoon<\/b>\n<ul>\n<li><b>Intense low-pressure formation over the Tibetan Plateau<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> due to intense heating of landmass during summers<\/span><\/li>\n<li><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">The <\/span><b>permanent high-pressure cell<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> in the South of the Indian Ocean <\/span><b>near madagascar<\/b><\/li>\n<li><b>Subtropical jet stream<\/b><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"2\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">African Easterly jet (Tropical easterly jet)<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"2\"><b>low-pressure systems (<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">or monsoon depressions),<\/span><b> presence of ITCZ <\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">(InterTropical Convergence Zone)<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"2\"><b>Global Atmospheric Circulations: T<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">he surface temperatures of the Indian, the Atlantic, and the Pacific Oceans affect the ISMR.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"2\"><b>The Circum-Global Teleconnection (CGT):<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> It is\u00a0 a large-scale atmospheric wave flowing at the mid-latitudes, seems\u00a0 to significantly influence the monsoon as well.<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<p>\u00a0<\/p>\n<table style=\"width: 99.9279%;\">\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"width: 137.81%; text-align: center; border-style: solid; border-color: #000000;\" colspan=\"2\"><span style=\"font-size: 18pt;\"><b>Must Read<\/b><\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"width: 50.5357%; text-align: center; border-style: solid; border-color: #000000;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/pwonlyias.com\/stage\/editorial-analysis\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">UPSC Daily Editorials<\/span><\/a><\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 87.2746%; text-align: center; border-style: solid; border-color: #000000;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/pwonlyias.com\/stage\/daily-current-affairs\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">UPSC Daily Current Affairs<\/span><\/a><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"width: 50.5357%; text-align: center; border-style: solid; border-color: #000000;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/store.pw.live\/govt-entrance-exams\/upsc-books\/upsc-textbooks?utm_source=SEO&#038;utm_medium=PW+Live&#038;utm_campaign=UPSC+Textbooks\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Check Out UPSC NCERT Textbooks From PW Store<\/span><\/a><\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 87.2746%; text-align: center; border-style: solid; border-color: #000000;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/store.pw.live\/govt-entrance-exams\/upsc-books\/upsc-modules?utm_source=SEO&#038;utm_medium=PW+Live&#038;utm_campaign=UPSC+Modules\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Check Out UPSC Modules From PW Store<\/span><\/a><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">\u00a0<\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"width: 50.5357%; text-align: center; border-style: solid; border-color: #000000;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/store.pw.live\/govt-entrance-exams\/upsc-books\/upsc-previous-year-papers?utm_source=SEO&#038;utm_medium=PW+Live&#038;utm_campaign=UPSC+Previous+Year+Papers\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Check Out Previous Years Papers From PW Store<\/span><\/a><\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 87.2746%; text-align: center; border-style: solid; border-color: #000000;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/pwonlyias.com\/stage\/upsc-test-series-courses\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">UPSC Test Series 2024<\/span><\/a><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"width: 50.5357%; text-align: center; border-style: solid; border-color: #000000;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/pwonlyias.com\/stage\/quiz\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Daily Current Affairs Quiz<\/span><\/a><\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 87.2746%; text-align: center; border-style: solid; border-color: #000000;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/pwonlyias.com\/stage\/mains-answer-writing\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Daily Main Answer Writing<\/span><\/a><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"width: 137.81%; text-align: center; border-style: solid; border-color: #000000;\" colspan=\"2\"><a href=\"https:\/\/store.pw.live\/govt-entrance-exams\/upsc-books?utm_source=SEO&#038;utm_medium=PW+Live&#038;utm_campaign=UPSC+CSE+Books\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Check Out UPSC CSE Books From PW Store<\/span><\/a><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<p>\u00a0<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>A recent study has shed light on the effects on Indian Monsoon by seasonal changes in the Arctic sea ice levels.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":11,"featured_media":0,"menu_order":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"rank_math_lock_modified_date":false,"footnotes":""},"tags":[],"paper-wise":[2088],"subject":[2122],"acf":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/pwonlyias.com\/stage\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/current-affairs\/130927"}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/pwonlyias.com\/stage\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/current-affairs"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/pwonlyias.com\/stage\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/current-affairs"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/pwonlyias.com\/stage\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/11"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/pwonlyias.com\/stage\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=130927"}],"version-history":[{"count":5,"href":"https:\/\/pwonlyias.com\/stage\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/current-affairs\/130927\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":131029,"href":"https:\/\/pwonlyias.com\/stage\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/current-affairs\/130927\/revisions\/131029"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/pwonlyias.com\/stage\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=130927"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/pwonlyias.com\/stage\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=130927"},{"taxonomy":"paper-wise","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/pwonlyias.com\/stage\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/paper-wise?post=130927"},{"taxonomy":"subject","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/pwonlyias.com\/stage\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/subject?post=130927"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}