{"id":132301,"date":"2024-09-14T19:41:09","date_gmt":"2024-09-14T14:11:09","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/pwonlyias.com\/stage\/?post_type=current-affairs&#038;p=132301"},"modified":"2024-09-17T12:41:20","modified_gmt":"2024-09-17T07:11:20","slug":"judicial-values-adopted-by-supreme-court","status":"publish","type":"current-affairs","link":"https:\/\/pwonlyias.com\/stage\/current-affairs\/judicial-values-adopted-by-supreme-court","title":{"rendered":"Revisiting the Judicial Values adopted by the Supreme Court"},"content":{"rendered":"<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Concerns have been raised about the Prime Minister\u2019s visit to the Chief Justice\u2019s residence for Ganapati puja.<\/span><\/p>\n<h2><span style=\"font-size: 18pt;\"><b>More About the News<\/b><\/span><\/h2>\n<ul>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">The criticism is based on a <\/span><b>16-point document on judicial values <\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">adopted in a Full Court Meeting of the Supreme Court on May 7, 1997.<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h2><span style=\"font-size: 18pt;\"><b>Ethical Issues Associated with the visit of PM to CJI\u2019s Residence<\/b><\/span><\/h2>\n<ul>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><b>Conflict of Interest:<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> Such personal interactions may create a perceived or actual conflict of interest, compromising the judge&#8217;s ability to remain impartial, especially in cases involving the government.<\/span><\/li>\n<li><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"wp-image-132279 alignright\" src=\"https:\/\/pwonlyias.com\/stage\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/09\/175-66e920b1dbceb.webp\" alt=\"Supreme Court\" width=\"404\" height=\"260\" srcset=\"https:\/\/pwonlyias.com\/stage\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/09\/175-66e920b1dbceb.webp 586w, https:\/\/pwonlyias.com\/stage\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/09\/175-66e920b1dbceb-300x193.webp 300w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 404px) 100vw, 404px\" \/><b>Undermining the Constitution\u2019s Secular Framework: <\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Public participation in a religious event by constitutional authorities violates the secular principles enshrined in the Constitution, potentially leading to concerns of religious favoritism<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><b>Appearance of Impropriety:<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> Even if no impropriety occurs, the appearance of impropriety can erode public trust. Judges are ethically obliged to avoid situations that might lead a reasonable person to question their integrity.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><b>Judicial Impartiality:<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> Maintaining impartiality is crucial. Socializing with the head of the executive branch can cast doubt on a judge&#8217;s neutrality, violating ethical standards of unbiased adjudication.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><b>Separation of Powers: <\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Ethically, judges must uphold the constitutional principle of separation of powers. Personal engagements with the executive may blur the distinct boundaries between the judiciary and the executive.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><b>Public Confidence:<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> Judges have an ethical duty to preserve public confidence in the judiciary&#8217;s independence and integrity. Such visits may diminish public perception of judicial independence.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><b>Adherence to Ethical Codes:<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> The Restatement of Values of Judicial Life advises judges to maintain a degree of aloofness consistent with their office&#8217;s dignity, avoiding actions that could diminish the judiciary&#8217;s esteem.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><b>Potential for Bias:<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> Ethical standards require judges to avoid situations that could lead to conscious or unconscious bias, ensuring fair and just legal proceedings.<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><span class=\"vc_button\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.pw.live\/batches\/upsc?utm_source=seo+upsc+batch&#038;utm_medium=seo+upsc&#038;utm_campaign=seo&#038;utm_id=upsc\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\">Enroll now for UPSC Online Course<\/a><\/span><\/p>\n<h2><span style=\"font-size: 18pt;\"><b>Constitutional Provision and Judicial Precedents Ensuring Separation of Power<\/b><\/span><\/h2>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">The separation of powers is an organisational structure in which <\/span><b>responsibilities, authorities, and powers are divided between groups <\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">(branches of government) rather than being centrally held.\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<p><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"wp-image-132280 alignright\" src=\"https:\/\/pwonlyias.com\/stage\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/09\/176-66e920b18b6a3.webp\" alt=\"Supreme Court\" width=\"452\" height=\"252\" srcset=\"https:\/\/pwonlyias.com\/stage\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/09\/176-66e920b18b6a3.webp 802w, https:\/\/pwonlyias.com\/stage\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/09\/176-66e920b18b6a3-300x167.webp 300w, https:\/\/pwonlyias.com\/stage\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/09\/176-66e920b18b6a3-768x428.webp 768w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 452px) 100vw, 452px\" \/><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><b>Article 50 (Directive Principles of State Policy):<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> This article explicitly mandates the separation of the judiciary from the executive, promoting judicial independence in matters of public administration.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><b>Article 13 (Judicial Review):<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> It empowers the judiciary to review the actions of the executive and legislative branches to ensure that they comply with the Constitution. It establishes the judiciary\u2019s role as a watchdog over constitutional violations.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><b>Doctrine of Judicial Review:<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> The judiciary has the power to strike down laws and executive actions that are inconsistent with the Constitution. This doctrine ensures that the judiciary acts as a check on the other branches.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><b>Basic Structure Doctrine (Kesavananda Bharati Case, 1973):<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> The Supreme Court ruled that the separation of powers is part of the basic structure of the Constitution, meaning it cannot be altered by amendments.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><b>Judges\u2019 Appointment:<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> The judiciary is involved in its own appointments through the collegium system, ensuring that executive influence is minimised in the selection of judges.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><b>Code of Conduct for Judges (Restatement of Judicial Values): <\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">This document outlines ethical principles, including the need for judicial aloofness from the executive, ensuring that the judiciary remains independent in perception and practice<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h2><span style=\"font-size: 18pt;\"><b>Values of Judicial Life<\/b><\/span><\/h2>\n<ul>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><b>Impartiality and Perception:<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> Judges must act in ways that maintain public faith in judicial impartiality, avoiding any behavior that erodes credibility.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><b>Avoidance of Elections: <\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Judges should not contest or hold elective office in clubs or societies, except those related to law.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><b>Limited Bar Association: <\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Judges must avoid close personal associations with lawyers practicing in their courts.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><b>Family Recusal:<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> Judges must not allow close family members who are lawyers to appear before them or be involved in their cases.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><b>No Use of Judicial Residence for Professional Work: <\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Judges must not allow family members to use their residence for professional legal work.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><b>Maintain Dignified Aloofness: <\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Judges should practice an appropriate level of distance consistent with the dignity of their office.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><b>Recusal from Family and Friends\u2019 Cases<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">: Judges must not hear cases involving close family, friends, or close relations.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><b>No Public Political Involvement:<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> Judges must not publicly express views on political matters or cases that are pending or likely to arise.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><b>Speak Through Judgments:<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> Judges should avoid media interviews, letting their judgments speak for themselves.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><b>No Acceptance of Gifts or Hospitality:<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> Judges should not accept gifts or hospitality, except from close family and friends.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><b>Conflict of Interest Disclosure: <\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Judges must disclose any financial interest in cases and recuse themselves if necessary.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><b>No Speculation in Shares: <\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Judges should avoid speculative financial activities, like trading stocks or shares.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><b>Prohibition on Business:<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> Judges must not engage in trade or business, except for writing or hobby-related activities.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><b>No Fundraising: <\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Judges must not solicit funds or associate with any fundraising activities.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><b>Clarification of Financial Benefits: <\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Judges should not seek financial benefits beyond those clearly available to their office.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><b>Public Scrutiny Awareness:<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> Judges must always be mindful of their public image and avoid actions that diminish the esteem of their office.<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><span class=\"vc_button\"><a 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puja.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":11,"featured_media":0,"menu_order":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"rank_math_lock_modified_date":false,"footnotes":""},"tags":[],"paper-wise":[2084],"subject":[2124],"acf":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/pwonlyias.com\/stage\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/current-affairs\/132301"}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/pwonlyias.com\/stage\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/current-affairs"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/pwonlyias.com\/stage\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/current-affairs"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/pwonlyias.com\/stage\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/11"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/pwonlyias.com\/stage\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=132301"}],"version-history":[{"count":2,"href":"https:\/\/pwonlyias.com\/stage\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/current-affairs\/132301\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":132304,"href":"https:\/\/pwonlyias.com\/stage\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/current-affairs\/132301\/revisions\/132304"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/pwonlyias.com\/stage\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=132301"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/pwonlyias.com\/stage\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=132301"},{"taxonomy":"paper-wise","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/pwonlyias.com\/stage\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/paper-wise?post=132301"},{"taxonomy":"subject","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/pwonlyias.com\/stage\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/subject?post=132301"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}