{"id":132323,"date":"2024-09-14T19:49:32","date_gmt":"2024-09-14T14:19:32","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/pwonlyias.com\/stage\/?post_type=current-affairs&#038;p=132323"},"modified":"2024-09-17T12:52:46","modified_gmt":"2024-09-17T07:22:46","slug":"right-to-silence-during-interrogation","status":"publish","type":"current-affairs","link":"https:\/\/pwonlyias.com\/stage\/current-affairs\/right-to-silence-during-interrogation","title":{"rendered":"Right to be Silent during interrogation: Judge"},"content":{"rendered":"<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">A Supreme Court(SC) judge recently supported granting bail to Delhi Chief Minister emphasising an accused&#8217;s <\/span><b>right to remain silent<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> during police questioning.<\/span><\/p>\n<h2><span style=\"font-size: 18pt;\"><b>No Assumption of Guilt<\/b><\/span><\/h2>\n<ul>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">It has been pointed out that investigators cannot assume someone is guilty just because they choose not to speak.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">SC made it clear that an accused person cannot be forced to make statements that could be used against them.<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h2><span style=\"font-size: 18pt;\"><b>About Right to Silence<\/b><\/span><\/h2>\n<ul>\n<li><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">The right to silence allows an individual to refuse to answer questions from law enforcement or court officials<\/span><\/li>\n<li><b>Key aspects of the Right to Silence<\/b>\n<ul>\n<li><b>Burden of Proof: <\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">The prosecution must prove the accused&#8217;s guilt beyond a reasonable doubt.<\/span><\/li>\n<li><b>Presumption of Innocence: <\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">The accused is presumed innocent until proven guilty.<\/span><\/li>\n<li><b>Protection Against Self-Incrimination:<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> The accused cannot be forced to answer questions that might implicate them in a crime.<\/span><\/li>\n<li><b>Exceptions<\/b>\n<ul>\n<li><b>Investigations: <\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">In certain cases, the law may compel an accused to submit to investigations (e.g., DNA testing).<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><span class=\"vc_button\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.pw.live\/batches\/upsc\/pw-only-ias?utm_source=seo+upsc+batch&#038;utm_medium=seo+upsc&#038;utm_campaign=seo&#038;utm_id=upsc\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\">Enroll now for UPSC Online Classes<\/a><\/span><\/p>\n<h2><span style=\"font-size: 18pt;\"><b>Right to Silence: Constitution and Law<\/b><\/span><\/h2>\n<ul>\n<li><b>India: Explicitly incorporated into Article 20(3) of the Constitution.<\/b>\n<ul>\n<li><b>Article 20(3) <\/b><b>of the Fundamental rights of Indian Constitutio<\/b><b>n :\u00a0 <\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">This article protects individuals from being forced to testify against themselves.<\/span>\n<ul>\n<li><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">This protection applies not only in court but also during police questioning, even before a trial starts.<\/span>\n<ul style=\"list-style-type: disc;\">\n<li><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">It applies only to people who are <\/span><b>accused of a crim<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">e.\u00a0<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<table style=\"width: 100%;\">\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<th style=\"width: 100%; border-style: solid; border-color: #000000; background-color: rgba(184, 165, 217, 0.53); text-align: left; vertical-align: middle;\">\n<h3><span style=\"font-size: 16pt; color: #000000;\"><b>Article 20<\/b><\/span><\/h3>\n<ul>\n<li><span style=\"font-weight: 400; color: #000000;\">It protects against arbitrary and excessive punishment for anyone accused of a crime.\u00a0<\/span>\n<ul>\n<li><span style=\"font-weight: 400; color: #000000;\">It is applicable to all citizens, foreigners, companies or corporations.<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<li><span style=\"color: #000000;\"><b>Key three provisions<\/b><\/span>\n<ul>\n<li aria-level=\"2\"><span style=\"color: #000000;\"><b>No ex-post-facto law: <\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">No law can punish a person for an act that was not a crime when it was committed.<\/span><b>\u00a0<\/b><\/span><\/li>\n<li aria-level=\"2\"><span style=\"color: #000000;\"><b>No double jeopardy: <\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">A person cannot be punished twice for the same offence.\u00a0<\/span><\/span><\/li>\n<li aria-level=\"2\"><span style=\"color: #000000;\"><b>No self-incrimination: <\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">No person can be forced to become a witness against himself.\u00a0<\/span><\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/th>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<ul>\n<li style=\"list-style-type: none;\">\n<ul>\n<li style=\"list-style-type: none;\">\n<ul>\n<li style=\"list-style-type: none;\">\n<ul style=\"list-style-type: disc;\">\n<li><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">It does not apply to a witness, as they are not <\/span><b>being accused of an offence.\u00a0<\/b><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"3\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Protection under <\/span><b>Article 20(<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">3) is not available to a person being questioned under the<\/span><b> Customs Act, 1962<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">, or the <\/span><b>Foreign Exchange Management Act, 1999.<\/b>\n<ul style=\"list-style-type: disc;\">\n<li><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">This is because the person is not<\/span><b> considered an accused <\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">under these acts.<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<li><b>Maneka Gandhi case (1978):<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> Article 21 mandates a <\/span><b>fair, just, and equitable<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> procedure in criminal cases.<\/span><\/li>\n<li><b>Indian Criminal Procedure Code: <\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Reinforces these protections.<\/span>\n<ul>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"2\"><b>Criminal Procedure Code Provisions<\/b>\n<ul>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"3\"><b>Section 161(2):<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> During police interrogation, a person must answer truthfully but can refuse questions that could lead to criminal charges.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"3\"><b>Section 313(3)<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">: At trial, the accused has the right to remain silent without punishment for not answering or giving false answers.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"3\"><b>Section 315(1)(b):<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> It prevents any comment on the<\/span><b> accused\u2019s refusa<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">l to give evidence by any party or the court.<\/span>\n<ul style=\"list-style-type: disc;\">\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"4\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">It ensures the presumption of innocence.<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><span class=\"vc_button\"><a href=\"https:\/\/store.pw.live\/govt-entrance-exams\/upsc-books\/upsc-textbooks?utm_source=SEO&#038;utm_medium=PW+Live&#038;utm_campaign=UPSC+Textbooks\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Check Out UPSC NCERT Textbooks From PW Store<\/span><\/a><\/span><\/p>\n<table style=\"width: 99.9287%;\">\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"width: 137.827%; text-align: center; border-style: solid; border-color: #000000;\" colspan=\"2\"><span style=\"font-size: 18pt;\"><b>Must Read<\/b><\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"width: 50.5357%; text-align: center; border-style: solid; border-color: #000000;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/pwonlyias.com\/stage\/editorial-analysis\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">UPSC Daily Editorials<\/span><\/a><\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 87.291%; text-align: center; border-style: solid; border-color: #000000;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/pwonlyias.com\/stage\/daily-current-affairs\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">UPSC Daily Current Affairs<\/span><\/a><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"width: 50.5357%; text-align: center; border-style: solid; border-color: #000000;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/store.pw.live\/govt-entrance-exams\/upsc-books\/upsc-textbooks?utm_source=SEO&#038;utm_medium=PW+Live&#038;utm_campaign=UPSC+Textbooks\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Check Out UPSC NCERT Textbooks From PW Store<\/span><\/a><\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 87.291%; text-align: center; border-style: solid; border-color: #000000;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/store.pw.live\/govt-entrance-exams\/upsc-books\/upsc-modules?utm_source=SEO&#038;utm_medium=PW+Live&#038;utm_campaign=UPSC+Modules\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Check Out UPSC Modules From PW Store<\/span><\/a><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">\u00a0<\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"width: 50.5357%; text-align: center; border-style: solid; border-color: #000000;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/store.pw.live\/govt-entrance-exams\/upsc-books\/upsc-previous-year-papers?utm_source=SEO&#038;utm_medium=PW+Live&#038;utm_campaign=UPSC+Previous+Year+Papers\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Check Out Previous Years Papers From PW Store<\/span><\/a><\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 87.291%; text-align: center; border-style: solid; border-color: #000000;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/pwonlyias.com\/stage\/upsc-test-series-courses\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">UPSC Test Series 2024<\/span><\/a><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"width: 50.5357%; text-align: center; border-style: solid; border-color: #000000;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/pwonlyias.com\/stage\/quiz\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Daily Current Affairs Quiz<\/span><\/a><\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 87.291%; text-align: center; border-style: solid; border-color: #000000;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/pwonlyias.com\/stage\/mains-answer-writing\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Daily Main Answer Writing<\/span><\/a><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"width: 137.827%; text-align: center; border-style: solid; border-color: #000000;\" colspan=\"2\"><a href=\"https:\/\/store.pw.live\/govt-entrance-exams\/upsc-books?utm_source=SEO&#038;utm_medium=PW+Live&#038;utm_campaign=UPSC+CSE+Books\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Check Out UPSC CSE Books From PW Store<\/span><\/a><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<p>\u00a0<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>A Supreme Court(SC) judge recently supported granting bail to Delhi Chief Minister emphasising an accused&#8217;s right to remain silent during police questioning.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":11,"featured_media":0,"menu_order":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"rank_math_lock_modified_date":false,"footnotes":""},"tags":[],"paper-wise":[2084],"subject":[2124],"acf":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/pwonlyias.com\/stage\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/current-affairs\/132323"}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/pwonlyias.com\/stage\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/current-affairs"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/pwonlyias.com\/stage\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/current-affairs"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/pwonlyias.com\/stage\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/11"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/pwonlyias.com\/stage\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=132323"}],"version-history":[{"count":2,"href":"https:\/\/pwonlyias.com\/stage\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/current-affairs\/132323\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":132326,"href":"https:\/\/pwonlyias.com\/stage\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/current-affairs\/132323\/revisions\/132326"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/pwonlyias.com\/stage\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=132323"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/pwonlyias.com\/stage\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=132323"},{"taxonomy":"paper-wise","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/pwonlyias.com\/stage\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/paper-wise?post=132323"},{"taxonomy":"subject","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/pwonlyias.com\/stage\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/subject?post=132323"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}