{"id":132955,"date":"2024-09-19T19:23:38","date_gmt":"2024-09-19T13:53:38","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/pwonlyias.com\/stage\/?post_type=current-affairs&#038;p=132955"},"modified":"2024-09-21T17:54:37","modified_gmt":"2024-09-21T12:24:37","slug":"one-nation-one-election-initiative","status":"publish","type":"current-affairs","link":"https:\/\/pwonlyias.com\/stage\/current-affairs\/one-nation-one-election-initiative","title":{"rendered":"Cabinet Approved to Hold One Nation One Election"},"content":{"rendered":"<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">The <\/span><b>Union Cabinet<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> has <\/span><b>accepted <\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">the <\/span><b>recommendations<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> of a <\/span><b>High-Level Committee<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> led by former President Ram Nath Kovind on the <\/span><b>&#8220;One Nation One Election&#8221;<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> initiative.\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<h2><strong><span style=\"font-size: 18pt;\">Why One Nation One Election is in the News?\u00a0<\/span><\/strong><\/h2>\n<ul>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">The proposal <\/span><b>calls for holding simultaneous elections for the Lok Sabha, state assemblies, and local bodies in a phased manner.<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">\u00a0<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">The simultaneous elections would be effected in two phases:\u00a0<\/span>\n<ul>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"2\"><b>First Phase<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">: <\/span><b>Lok Sabha and assembly elections will be aligned<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> and in the\u00a0<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"2\"><b>Second Phase:<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> It will be <\/span><b>held within 100 days of the first, local body elections will be covered.<\/b><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h2><span style=\"font-size: 18pt;\"><b>About Simultaneous Elections\/One Nation One Election<\/b><\/span><\/h2>\n<ul>\n<li aria-level=\"1\"><b>Meaning: <\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Simultaneous elections refers to <\/span><b>holding elections for the Lok Sabha and all state assemblies together<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">, to ensure that the <\/span><b>election cycle aligns across the country.<\/b><\/li>\n<li><b>Process: <\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Elections for both Lok Sabha and state <\/span><b>assemblies would occur on the same day<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> or<\/span><b> in a phased manner,<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> every five years,<\/span><b> allowing citizens to vote for both simultaneously.<\/b><\/li>\n<li><b>Historical Context of Simultaneous Elections:<\/b>\n<ul>\n<li><b>Initial Simultaneous Elections (1951-67): <\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">India <\/span><b>held simultaneous elections in 1951-52, 1957, 1962, and 1967<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> for the Lok Sabha and state assemblies.<\/span><\/li>\n<li><b>Disruption: <\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">This synchronisation was <\/span><b>disrupted due to political instability<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">, including the <\/span><b>rise of regional parties <\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">and <\/span><b>frequent use of Article 356<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> (President\u2019s Rule) in state assemblies.<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<li><b>Countries where simultaneous elections are conducted : <\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">South Africa, Sweden , Germany, Britain.<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><span class=\"vc_button\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.pw.live\/batches\/upsc?utm_source=seo+upsc+batch&#038;utm_medium=seo+upsc&#038;utm_campaign=seo&#038;utm_id=upsc\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\">Enroll now for UPSC Online Course<\/a><\/span><\/p>\n<table style=\"width: 99.9987%;\">\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<th style=\"width: 100%; border-style: solid; border-color: #000000; background-color: rgba(184, 165, 217, 0.53); text-align: left; vertical-align: middle;\">\n<h3><span style=\"font-size: 16pt; color: #000000;\"><b>Required Constitutional Changes for Simultaneous Elections in India<\/b><\/span><\/h3>\n<ul>\n<li><span style=\"color: #000000;\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">For holding simultaneous elections, the <\/span><b>Kovind Committee<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> had recommended <\/span><b>15 amendments <\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">to the Constitution of India\u00a0 to be carried out through <\/span><b>two Constitution Amendment Bills.<\/b><\/span><\/li>\n<li><span style=\"color: #000000;\"><b>First Amendment Bill: <\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">\u00a0The first Bill will deal with the <\/span><b>transition to a simultaneous election system<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">, and the <\/span><b>procedure for fresh elections to Lok Sabha or a state Assembly before the term ends.<\/b><\/span>\n<ul>\n<li><span style=\"color: #000000;\"><b>Requires a special majority in both the houses of Parliament (Article 368).<\/b><\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<li><span style=\"color: #000000;\"><b>Second Amendment Bill: <\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">The second Bill will deal with <\/span><b>municipal and panchayat elections<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">, as well as the <\/span><b>creation of a Single Electoral Roll by the Election Commission of India (ECI)<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">, with details of every voter and the seat for which they are eligible to vote.<\/span><\/span>\n<ul>\n<li><span style=\"color: #000000;\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">This requires a special majority and ratification by at least half of the states since <\/span><b>\u201clocal government\u201d<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> falls under the <\/span><b>State List.<\/b><\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<li><span style=\"color: #000000;\"><b>Amendments in Articles 83 and Article 172: <\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">The<\/span> <span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">committee has proposed amendments to <\/span><b>Article 83, which governs the term of the Lok Sabha<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">, and <\/span><b>Article 172, which covers the tenure of state assemblies.<\/b><\/span><\/li>\n<li aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"color: #000000;\"><b>Constitutional Amendments: The Committee has suggested the <\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">introduction of <\/span><b>Article 324A<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> for simultaneous elections at the Panchayat and Municipal levels and amend <\/span><b>Article 325<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> for a unified voter roll and photo ID card.<\/span><\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/th>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<h2><span style=\"font-size: 18pt;\"><b>Key Proposals of the Kovind Committee on Simultaneous Elections<\/b><\/span><\/h2>\n<ul>\n<li aria-level=\"1\"><b>Appointed Date for Lok Sabha Sessions: <\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">After general elections, the President will notify the <\/span><b>date for the Lok Sabha to convene<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">, maintaining synchronisation.<\/span>\n<ul>\n<li><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">This notification will enact <\/span><b>Article 82A<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> (a new article introduced through the first Bill)\u00a0 to facilitate the transition to simultaneous elections.<\/span>\n<ul>\n<li><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">The proposed Article 82A states that <\/span><b>all the state assemblies constituted in any general election held after the \u201cappointed date\u201d shall come to an end on the expiry of the full term of the Lok Sabha.<\/b><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<li><b>Shortened Terms for New State Assemblies: <\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">New state assemblies formed post-synchronization will have shortened terms to align with the next general elections.<\/span><\/li>\n<li><b>Handling Hung Houses or No-Confidence Motions: <\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">In the event of a hung house or no-confidence motion, new elections will be held, but the <\/span><b>new term will only last until the next scheduled general elections.<\/b><\/li>\n<li><b>Terms for New Lok Sabha and State Assemblies: <\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Fresh elections will occur if there is a <\/span><b>hung house or no-confidence motion<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">.\u00a0<\/span>\n<ul>\n<li><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">The <\/span><b>new Lok Sabha will complete the remainder of the previous term<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">, while <\/span><b>state assemblies will continue until the Lok Sabha\u2019s term ends<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">, unless dissolved earlier.<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<li><b>Unified Voter Roll and Identity Card System: <\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Propose a <\/span><b>unified voter roll<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> and <\/span><b>identity card system for all elections,<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> requiring a <\/span><b>constitutional amendment<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> and<\/span><b> ratification by the States.<\/b>\n<ul>\n<li><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">A unified electoral roll for all elections will be created by the Election Commission of India (ECI) in consultation with State Election Commissions <\/span><b>under the new Article 325(2) of the Constitution.<\/b><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h3><span style=\"font-size: 16pt;\"><b>Significance of &#8216;One Nation, One Election&#8217;<\/b><\/span><\/h3>\n<ul>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><b>Cost Efficiency: <\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Simultaneous elections can significantly enhance cost efficiency by <\/span><b>reducing election expenses for both the government and political parties.<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">\u00a0<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<table style=\"width: 99.8992%;\">\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<th style=\"border-style: solid; border-color: #000000; background-color: rgba(184, 165, 217, 0.53); text-align: left; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%;\"><span style=\"color: #000000;\"><b>Moral Code of Conduct (MCC)<\/b><\/span><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"color: #000000;\"><b>About: <\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">It is a<\/span><b> set of guidelines<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> issued by the<\/span><b> Election Commission of India (ECI) <\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">to <\/span><b>regulate political parties and candidates<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">, ensuring free and fair elections as mandated by Article 324 of the Constitution.<\/span><\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/th>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<ul>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><b>Reduced Voter fatigue:<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> Voter fatigue is a cause of<\/span><b> voter abstention <\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">which results from the <\/span><b>electorates of representative democracies being asked to vote often<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">, on too many issues or without easy access to relevant information.\u00a0<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><b>Policy Continuity:<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> Simultaneous elections can enhance policy continuity by<\/span><b> minimising the influence of frequent election cycles<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">, enabling governments to<\/span><b> prioritise long-term planning and implementation over short-term political strategies.<\/b><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><b>Model Code of Conduct (MCC) Impact: <\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">By reducing the number of election cycles, the MCC&#8217;s impact on governance can be minimised, allowing for more continuous and effective policy implementation.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><b>Reduced Black Money: <\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Fewer elections <\/span><b>can reduce the circulation of unaccounted money <\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">used in campaigns.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><b>Public Services: Prevents disruption in public services<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> due to frequent deployment of government staff for election duties.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><b>National Unity: Promotes national over regional perspectives <\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">in the electoral process.<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><span class=\"vc_button\"><a href=\"https:\/\/store.pw.live\/govt-entrance-exams\/upsc-books?utm_source=SEO&#038;utm_medium=PW+Live&#038;utm_campaign=UPSC+CSE+Books\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Check Out UPSC CSE Books From PW Store<\/span><\/a><\/span><\/p>\n<table style=\"width: 99.8983%;\">\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<th style=\"border-style: solid; border-color: #000000; background-color: rgba(184, 165, 217, 0.53); text-align: left; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%;\">\n<ul>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"color: #000000;\"><b>Article 85 of the Indian Constitution: Sessions of Parliament, Prorogation, and Dissolution<\/b><\/span>\n<ul>\n<li><span style=\"color: #000000;\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">The<\/span><b> President summons<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> Parliament, ensuring no more than six months between sessions.<\/span><\/span><\/li>\n<li><span style=\"color: #000000;\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">The President <\/span><b>can prorogue either House and dissolve the Lok Sabha.<\/b><\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"color: #000000;\"><b>Article 356 of the Indian Constitution: President\u2019s Rule in States<\/b><\/span>\n<ul>\n<li aria-level=\"2\"><span style=\"color: #000000;\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">The President can <\/span><b>assume control of a state&#8217;s executive<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> if it is deemed that the <\/span><b>state government cannot be run according to the Constitution,<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> leading to central government control and suspension of the state legislature.<\/span><\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/th>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<h3><span style=\"font-size: 16pt;\"><b>Challenges of Implementing Simultaneous Elections<\/b><\/span><\/h3>\n<ul>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><b>Constitutional Amendments: <\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Implementing One Nation One Election requires changes to several constitutional provisions like <\/span><b>Article 85<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">, <\/span><b>Article 356<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">, and others.\u00a0<\/span>\n<ul>\n<li><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">It will lead to <\/span><b>alteration of the Basic Structure<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> of the Constitution. Eg. it will affect the <\/span><b>Federal character of the Constitution.<\/b><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><b>Logistical Challenges: <\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Organizing elections simultaneously across the country presents significant logistical hurdles, such as coordinating security forces, organising Electronic Voting Machines (EVM\u2019s) on a large scale.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><b>Against Federalism: <\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">It could weaken India\u2019s federal structure, as state-specific issues might be overshadowed by national concerns.\u00a0<\/span>\n<ul>\n<li><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Simultaneous Elections have the tendency of <\/span><b>moving the country towards a unitary state rather <\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">than a federal one that the Constitution envisages.\u00a0<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<li><b>Regional Issues may take backseat: <\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">The <\/span><b>blending of national and regional issues in simultaneous elections <\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">could overshadow local concerns, shift priorities, and create an imbalance, potentially <\/span><b>giving national parties an undue advantage over regional ones.<\/b><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><b>Voting Behaviour: <\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Evidence shows that voters often tend to vote for the same party for both State and Central governments when voters are required to cast their ballots for both the State and Central governments simultaneously, at the same polling booth, and on the same day.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><b>Feasibility: <\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Concerns arise over the feasibility of conducting elections across all state governments if a coalition central government collapses.<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><span class=\"vc_button\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.pw.live\/batches\/upsc\/pw-only-ias?utm_source=seo+upsc+batch&#038;utm_medium=seo+upsc&#038;utm_campaign=seo&#038;utm_id=upsc\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\">Enroll now for UPSC Online Classes<\/a><\/span><\/p>\n<h2><span style=\"font-size: 18pt;\"><b>Way Forward<\/b><\/span><\/h2>\n<ul>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><b>Align Election Cycles: <\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">It is necessary to <\/span><b>schedule legislative assembly elections to coincide with Lok Sabha elections for terms ending within six months to one year before or after<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">, to create a synchronised electoral cycle.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><b>Ensure Free and Fair Elections: Strengthen the Election Commission&#8217;s regulatory role <\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">and monitoring capabilities to oversee poll expenditure and ensure the integrity of elections at all levels.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><b>Implement Electronic Voter ID Cards: <\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Utilise<\/span><b> IT-enabled tools like electronic voter ID cards<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> to <\/span><b>eliminate bogus entries <\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">from electoral rolls, improving the accuracy and integrity of voter registration.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><b>Consider State Funding of Elections: <\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">There is a need to explore the<\/span><b> state funding options to reduce the influence of money in politics<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> and create a more level playing field for all candidates.<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<table style=\"width: 99.8268%;\">\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"width: 137.711%; 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initiative. <\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":11,"featured_media":133504,"menu_order":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"rank_math_lock_modified_date":false,"footnotes":""},"tags":[],"paper-wise":[2084],"subject":[2124],"acf":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/pwonlyias.com\/stage\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/current-affairs\/132955"}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/pwonlyias.com\/stage\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/current-affairs"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/pwonlyias.com\/stage\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/current-affairs"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/pwonlyias.com\/stage\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/11"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/pwonlyias.com\/stage\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=132955"}],"version-history":[{"count":5,"href":"https:\/\/pwonlyias.com\/stage\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/current-affairs\/132955\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":133033,"href":"https:\/\/pwonlyias.com\/stage\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/current-affairs\/132955\/revisions\/133033"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/pwonlyias.com\/stage\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/133504"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/pwonlyias.com\/stage\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=132955"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/pwonlyias.com\/stage\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=132955"},{"taxonomy":"paper-wise","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/pwonlyias.com\/stage\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/paper-wise?post=132955"},{"taxonomy":"subject","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/pwonlyias.com\/stage\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/subject?post=132955"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}