{"id":132980,"date":"2024-09-19T19:44:11","date_gmt":"2024-09-19T14:14:11","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/pwonlyias.com\/stage\/?post_type=current-affairs&#038;p=132980"},"modified":"2024-09-20T12:27:36","modified_gmt":"2024-09-20T06:57:36","slug":"sheikh-hasinas-extradition-to-bangladesh","status":"publish","type":"current-affairs","link":"https:\/\/pwonlyias.com\/stage\/current-affairs\/sheikh-hasinas-extradition-to-bangladesh","title":{"rendered":"Sheikh Hasina&#8217;s Extradition from India to Bangladesh"},"content":{"rendered":"<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">The <\/span><b>Chief Prosecutor of Bangladesh\u2019s International Crimes Tribunal (ICT)<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> has announced <\/span><b>plans to seek the extradition<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> of ousted leader Sheikh Hasina from India.<\/span><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">The tribunal was <\/span><b>established in 2010<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> by the former Bangladesh Prime Minister to <\/span><b>investigate crimes committed during the 1971 <\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">independence war from Pakistan.<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h2><span style=\"font-size: 18pt;\"><b>Background<\/b><\/span><\/h2>\n<ul>\n<li><b>Refuge in India:<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> Ms. Sheikh Hasina <\/span><b>sought refuge in India <\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">in early August <\/span><b>following a mass uprising that forced her resignation<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">.<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<table style=\"width: 99.8983%;\">\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<th style=\"width: 100%; border-style: solid; border-color: #000000; background-color: rgba(184, 165, 217, 0.53); text-align: left; vertical-align: middle;\">\n<h3><span style=\"font-size: 16pt; color: #000000;\"><b>International Crimes Tribunal (Bangladesh)<\/b><\/span><\/h3>\n<ul>\n<li><span style=\"color: #000000;\"><b>Establishment: <\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">The International Crimes Tribunal (ICT) of Bangladesh was established in <\/span><b>2009 <\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">as a domestic war crimes tribunal.<\/span><\/span><\/li>\n<li><span style=\"color: #000000;\"><b>Objective: <\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">The tribunal was created to<\/span><b> investigate and prosecute those responsible for atrocities during the 1971 Bangladesh Liberation War\u00a0 <\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">in which Bangladesh fought for independence from Pakistan.<\/span><\/span><\/li>\n<li aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"color: #000000;\"><b>Focus of Prosecution: <\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">The ICT <\/span><b>investigates crimes committed during the 1971 genocide by the Pakistan Army and their local Collaborators like Razakars, Al-Badr, and Al-Shams.<\/b><\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/th>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<ul>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><b>Criminal Charges:<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> Since her departure, several criminal cases have been filed against Ms. Hasina and her aides. The charges include: <\/span><b>Murder,Torture ,Abduction, Crimes against humanity and Genocide.<\/b><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><b>Diplomatic Passport Revoked:<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> The new interim government in Dhaka has revoked Ms. Hasina\u2019s diplomatic passport.\u00a0<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><b>Bilateral Extradition Treaty Exists: <\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Additionally, India and Bangladesh have a bilateral extradition treaty in place <\/span><b>that could allow for her return to face trial.<\/b><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><span class=\"vc_button\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.pw.live\/batches\/upsc?utm_source=seo+upsc+batch&#038;utm_medium=seo+upsc&#038;utm_campaign=seo&#038;utm_id=upsc\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\">Enroll now for UPSC Online Course<\/a><\/span><\/p>\n<h2><span style=\"font-size: 18pt;\"><b>Extradition Treaty between India and Bangladesh<\/b><\/span><\/h2>\n<ul>\n<li><b>About Extradition: Extradition is the formal process by <\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">which <\/span><b>one country<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> requests and obtains the <\/span><b>surrender of an individual from another country <\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">to face criminal charges or serve a sentence for a crime committed <\/span><b>within the requesting country\u2019s jurisdiction.<\/b><\/li>\n<li><b>Difference between Extradition and Asylum: <\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">The process of <\/span><b>returning the convict or accused to the nation he escaped from<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> is called extradition. Whereas, Asylum is when a <\/span><b>country gives protection to individuals who are being prosecuted by another country.<\/b><\/li>\n<li><b>Extradition Treaty (2013): <\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">India and Bangladesh signed an extradition treaty in <\/span><b>2013 <\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">to tackle issues of <\/span><b>insurgency <\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">and <\/span><b>terrorism<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> along their shared borders.<\/span><\/li>\n<li><b>Amendment (2016): <\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">The treaty was <\/span><b>amended in 2016<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> to <\/span><b>simplify the process of exchanging fugitives wanted by both nations,<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> facilitating smoother extraditions.<\/span><\/li>\n<li><b>Legal Justification for Extradition: <\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">The extradition of Ms. Hasina is deemed critical <\/span><b>to ensure the fairness of her trial under the International Crimes (Tribunals) Act, 1973<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">, and for enforcing judicial orders.<\/span><\/li>\n<li><b>Extradition Precedents:The treaty has already facilitated notable extraditions, including:<\/b>\n<ul>\n<li><b>Sheikh Mujibur Rahman Assassination Case (2020): <\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Two convicts involved in the <\/span><b>1975 assassination of Sheikh Mujibur Rahman <\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">were extradited to Bangladesh for execution.<\/span><\/li>\n<li><b>Anup Chetia (ULFA Leader): India secured the extradition of Anup Chetia, general secretary of banned United Liberation Front of Assam (ULFA), <\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">after 18 years of imprisonment in Dhaka.<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<li><b>Extradition Criteria:<\/b>\n<ul>\n<li><b>Minimum Sentence Requirement: <\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">The treaty mandates the extradition of individuals <\/span><b>charged with or convicted of crimes that carry a minimum sentence of one year\u2019s imprisonment.<\/b><\/li>\n<li><b>Dual Criminality Principle: <\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Extradition requires that the <\/span><b>offence be punishable in both India and Bangladesh.<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">\u00a0<\/span>\n<ul>\n<li><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Since the charges against Ms. Hasina are prosecutable in India and carry substantial penalties, <\/span><b>she qualifies for extradition.<\/b><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<li><b>Scope of Offences: <\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">The treaty covers not only direct criminal acts but also attempts to commit crimes, as well as aiding, abetting, inciting, or acting as an accomplice.<\/span><\/li>\n<li><b>2016 Amendment to the Extradition Treaty:<\/b>\n<ul>\n<li><b>Lowered Evidence Requirement: <\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">The 2016 amendment removed the need to provide concrete evidence against the offender for extradition.<\/span><\/li>\n<li><b>Arrest Warrant Sufficient: <\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Under<\/span><b> Article 10 of the treaty<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">, an<\/span><b> arrest warrant from a competent court in the requesting country is enough<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> to initiate the extradition process.<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h2><span style=\"font-size: 18pt;\"><b>Grounds for India Refusing Extradition of Ms Hasina<\/b><\/span><\/h2>\n<ul>\n<li><b>Political Nature of the Offence (Article 6)<\/b>\n<ul>\n<li><b>Exemption for Political Offences: <\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Extradition may be refused if the <\/span><b>offence is of a \u201cpolitical nature.\u201d<\/b>\n<ul>\n<li><b>Limitations on Political Exemption: <\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Crimes such as murder, terrorism-related offences, and kidnapping are excluded from being classified as political.<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<li><b>Ms. Hasina\u2019s Charges: <\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Charges like murder, enforced disappearance, and torture fall outside the political offence exemption, <\/span><b>making it unlikely for India to refuse extradition on these grounds.<\/b><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<li><b>Lack of Good Faith or Justice (Article 8): <\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Extradition can be denied if the <\/span><b>request is not made in good faith or is not in the interests of justice.<\/b><\/li>\n<li><b>Military Offences Exemption: <\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Refusal is possible <\/span><b>if the offence is a military one not recognized under general criminal law.<\/b><\/li>\n<li><b>Potential Political Persecution: <\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">India may argue that <\/span><b>Ms. Hasina could face political persecution or an unfair trial<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">, especially in light of reports of Cabinet ministers being mistreated while under arrest in Bangladesh.<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><span class=\"vc_button\"><a href=\"https:\/\/store.pw.live\/govt-entrance-exams\/upsc-books\/upsc-textbooks?utm_source=SEO&#038;utm_medium=PW+Live&#038;utm_campaign=UPSC+Textbooks\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Check Out UPSC NCERT Textbooks From PW Store<\/span><\/a><\/span><\/p>\n<h2><span style=\"font-size: 18pt;\"><b>Diplomatic and Political Implications of the Impending Extradition<\/b><\/span><\/h2>\n<ul>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><b>No Guarantee of Extradition: <\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">The <\/span><b>treaty does not guarantee Ms. Hasina\u2019s extradition<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">, as the final decision will depend on <\/span><b>diplomatic negotiations and political factors.<\/b><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><b>Diplomatic Relations Impact: <\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Some of the experts argue that <\/span><b>even if India declines the extradition request<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">, it would likely be a <\/span><b>minor political irritant and would not significantly damage bilateral relations.<\/b><\/li>\n<li><b>Bilateral Trade: Bangladesh is India\u2019s largest trade partner in South Asia<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">, with bilateral trade reaching $15.9 billion in the fiscal year 2022-23.<\/span><\/li>\n<li><b>Comprehensive Economic Partnership Agreement (CEPA): <\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Prior to Ms. Hasina\u2019s ouster, both nations were <\/span><b>preparing to begin discussions on a CEPA <\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">to further strengthen economic ties.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><b>Post-Regime Change Support by India: <\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">After the regime change in Dhaka,<\/span><b> Indian Prime Minister Narendra Modi spoke with the new interim government\u2019s Chief Adviser, Muhammad Yunus<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">, pledging <\/span><b>continued support<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> for ongoing development projects.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><b>Post-Regime Change Support by India: <\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">After the regime change in Dhaka,<\/span><b> Indian Prime Minister Narendra Modi spoke with the new interim government\u2019s Chief Adviser, Muhammad Yunus<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">, pledging <\/span><b>continued support<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> for ongoing development projects.<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<table style=\"width: 100.098%;\">\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<th style=\"border-style: solid; border-color: #000000; background-color: rgba(184, 165, 217, 0.53); text-align: left; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%;\">\n<h3><span style=\"font-size: 16pt; color: #000000;\"><b>India and Extradition Treaties<\/b><\/span><\/h3>\n<ul>\n<li aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"color: #000000;\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">India has extradition treaties with numerous countries.<\/span><b> These Extradition treaties are governed by the Indian Extradition Act of 1962.<\/b><\/span><\/li>\n<li><span style=\"color: #000000;\"><b>Indian Extradition Act of 1962:<\/b><\/span>\n<ul>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"2\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400; color: #000000;\">The Indian Extradition Act of 1962 is a comprehensive law that governs the extradition of fugitive criminals between India and other countries.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"2\"><span style=\"color: #000000;\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">It <\/span><b>extends to the whole of India.\u00a0<\/b><\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"2\"><span style=\"color: #000000;\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">The Act <\/span><b>also covers composite offences, which are acts that occur partly in India and partly in a foreign state<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> but <\/span><b>constitute an extradition offence when considered as a whole.<\/b><\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<li aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"color: #000000;\"><b>Principles of Extradition<\/b><\/span>\n<ul>\n<li aria-level=\"2\"><span style=\"color: #000000;\"><b>Offences Covered: <\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Extradition applies only to offences specified in the treaty.<\/span><\/span><\/li>\n<li aria-level=\"2\"><span style=\"color: #000000;\"><b>Dual Criminality: <\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">The offence must be recognized as a crime in both the requesting and requested countries.<\/span><\/span><\/li>\n<li aria-level=\"2\"><span style=\"color: #000000;\"><b>Prima Facie Case: <\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">The requested country must be convinced that a prima facie case exists against the accused.<\/span><\/span><\/li>\n<li aria-level=\"2\"><span style=\"color: #000000;\"><b>Specific Offence: <\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Extradition is granted only for the offence for which it was requested.<\/span><\/span><\/li>\n<li aria-level=\"2\"><span style=\"color: #000000;\"><b>Fair Trial Guarantee:<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> The accused must be ensured a fair trial.<\/span><\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<li aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"color: #000000;\"><b>About Extradition Treaty (Section 2(d), Indian Extradition Act 1962):<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> An \u2018Extradition Treaty\u2019 is a treaty, agreement, or arrangement between India and a foreign state for extradition fugitive criminals.<\/span><\/span>\n<ul>\n<li aria-level=\"2\"><span style=\"color: #000000;\"><b>Binding Nature: <\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Such treaties are <\/span><b>binding on both India<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> and the<\/span><b> foreign state involved.<\/b><\/span><\/li>\n<li aria-level=\"2\"><span style=\"color: #000000;\"><b>Nodal Authority: <\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">This division of the <\/span><b>Ministry of External Affairs<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> administers the Extradition Act and processes extradition requests (both incoming and outgoing).<\/span><\/span><\/li>\n<li aria-level=\"2\"><span style=\"color: #000000;\"><b>Types of Cases: <\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Extradition can be initiated for under-investigation, under-trial, and convicted criminals.<\/span><\/span><\/li>\n<li aria-level=\"2\"><span style=\"color: #000000;\"><b>Precautions for Investigation Cases: <\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">In cases under investigation, law enforcement must ensure they have prima facie evidence to substantiate the allegations in the foreign court.<\/span><\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<li><span style=\"color: #000000;\"><b>Current Extradition Treaties:\u00a0<\/b><\/span>\n<ul>\n<li aria-level=\"2\"><span style=\"color: #000000;\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">As of <\/span><b>September, 2024<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">, India has<\/span><b> extradition treaties <\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">(A formal, legally binding agreement between countries)\u00a0 <\/span><b>with 48 countries<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">, including the USA, UK, UAE, Canada, and Australia.<\/span><\/span><\/li>\n<li aria-level=\"2\"><span style=\"color: #000000;\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Additionally, India has <\/span><b>extradition arrangements <\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">(A less formal understanding between two countries, <\/span><b>often used when there is no existing treaty<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">)<\/span><b>\u00a0 with 12<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> other countries, such as Armenia, Fiji, Sri Lanka and Singapore.<\/span><\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<li aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"color: #000000;\"><b>Landmark Extradition Cases:\u00a0<\/b><\/span>\n<ul>\n<li aria-level=\"2\"><span style=\"color: #000000;\"><b>Savarkar Case: <\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">In <\/span><b>1910,<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> Vinayak Damodar Savarkar was being brought to India from Britain for his trial on a charge of treason and murder. He escaped from British custody in France but was mistakenly recaptured by a French policeman without proper legal procedures. France asked Britain to return him for a formal extradition, but Britain refused. The court acknowledged the mistake but dismissed France&#8217;s request due to a lack of clear international law.<\/span><\/span><\/li>\n<li aria-level=\"2\"><span style=\"color: #000000;\"><b>Vijay Mallaya\u2019s Case: <\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Vijay Mallya owed over \u20b96,000 crores to Indian banks, fled to the UK in 2016 to avoid arrest. India sought his extradition, which was approved by a UK court in 2018, but legal delays have prevented his return. In <\/span><b>2019,<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> he was declared a <\/span><b>&#8216;Fugitive Economic Offender.&#8217;<\/b><\/span><\/li>\n<li aria-level=\"2\"><span style=\"color: #000000;\"><b>Nirav Modi Case:<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> In <\/span><b>2018<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">, Nirav Modi was accused of<\/span><b> defrauding Punjab National Bank<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> of \u20b911,400 crores and fled to the UK. After an extradition request from India, a <\/span><b>UK court ordered his extradition in 2021,<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> following Interpol&#8217;s <\/span><b>Red Corner Notice.<\/b><\/span><\/li>\n<li aria-level=\"2\"><span style=\"color: #000000;\"><b>Re Castioni\u2019s case:<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> In <\/span><b>1891<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">, England refused to extradite a murderer who had fled from Switzerland, ruling that the crime was politically motivated. Thus,<\/span><b> England was not required to extradite him.\u00a0<\/b><\/span><\/li>\n<li aria-level=\"2\"><span style=\"color: #000000;\"><b>Re Meunier\u2019s case: In 1894, <\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">England initially refused to extradite a fugitive who had fled from Paris after a bombing. However, the court later ordered England to proceed with the extradition<\/span><b> because the crime was not politically motivated.<\/b><\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/th>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<p>\u00a0<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><span class=\"vc_button\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.pw.live\/batches\/upsc\/pw-only-ias?utm_source=seo+upsc+batch&#038;utm_medium=seo+upsc&#038;utm_campaign=seo&#038;utm_id=upsc\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\">Enroll now for UPSC Online Classes<\/a><\/span><\/p>\n<table style=\"width: 99.9291%;\">\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"width: 137.818%; text-align: center; border-style: solid; border-color: #000000;\" colspan=\"2\"><span style=\"font-size: 18pt;\"><b>Must Read<\/b><\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"width: 50.5357%; text-align: center; border-style: solid; border-color: #000000;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/pwonlyias.com\/stage\/editorial-analysis\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">UPSC Daily Editorials<\/span><\/a><\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 87.2826%; 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border-color: #000000;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/pwonlyias.com\/stage\/mains-answer-writing\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Daily Main Answer Writing<\/span><\/a><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"width: 137.818%; text-align: center; border-style: solid; border-color: #000000;\" colspan=\"2\"><a href=\"https:\/\/store.pw.live\/govt-entrance-exams\/upsc-books?utm_source=SEO&#038;utm_medium=PW+Live&#038;utm_campaign=UPSC+CSE+Books\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Check Out UPSC CSE Books From PW Store<\/span><\/a><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<p>\u00a0<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>The Chief Prosecutor of Bangladesh\u2019s International Crimes Tribunal (ICT) has announced plans to seek the extradition of ousted leader Sheikh Hasina from India.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":11,"featured_media":0,"menu_order":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"rank_math_lock_modified_date":false,"footnotes":""},"tags":[],"paper-wise":[2084],"subject":[2102],"acf":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/pwonlyias.com\/stage\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/current-affairs\/132980"}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/pwonlyias.com\/stage\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/current-affairs"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/pwonlyias.com\/stage\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/current-affairs"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/pwonlyias.com\/stage\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/11"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/pwonlyias.com\/stage\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=132980"}],"version-history":[{"count":4,"href":"https:\/\/pwonlyias.com\/stage\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/current-affairs\/132980\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":133057,"href":"https:\/\/pwonlyias.com\/stage\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/current-affairs\/132980\/revisions\/133057"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/pwonlyias.com\/stage\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=132980"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/pwonlyias.com\/stage\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=132980"},{"taxonomy":"paper-wise","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/pwonlyias.com\/stage\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/paper-wise?post=132980"},{"taxonomy":"subject","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/pwonlyias.com\/stage\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/subject?post=132980"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}