{"id":133984,"date":"2024-09-24T19:59:20","date_gmt":"2024-09-24T14:29:20","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/pwonlyias.com\/stage\/?post_type=current-affairs&#038;p=133984"},"modified":"2025-02-13T15:58:56","modified_gmt":"2025-02-13T10:28:56","slug":"transit-oriented-development","status":"publish","type":"current-affairs","link":"https:\/\/pwonlyias.com\/stage\/current-affairs\/transit-oriented-development","title":{"rendered":"Transit Oriented Development"},"content":{"rendered":"<p><b>World Resource Institute (WRI) India<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">\u2019s recent publication titled <\/span><b>\u2018Jobs near metro rail transit in Bengaluru: Enabling an accessible and productive city\u2019<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">.<\/span><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">It underscores the critical<\/span><b> need for integrated spatio-economic planning<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> and bringing jobs closer to transit through T<\/span><b>ransit Oriented Development (TOD)<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">.<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h2><span style=\"font-size: 18pt;\"><b>Background<\/b><\/span><\/h2>\n<ul>\n<li><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">India&#8217;s <\/span><b>2017 National Transit Oriented Development (TOD) Policy<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> promotes urban planning around mass transit hubs, enhancing mobility and economic growth.\u00a0<\/span><\/li>\n<li><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">With<\/span><b> \u20b93 trillion in metro rail projects (between 2022\u20132027)<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> underway, <\/span><b>27 cities are integrating TOD<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> to maximise urban and economic benefits.<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><span class=\"vc_button\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.pw.live\/batches\/upsc?utm_source=seo+upsc+batch&#038;utm_medium=seo+upsc&#038;utm_campaign=seo&#038;utm_id=upsc\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\">Enroll now for UPSC Online Course<\/a><\/span><\/p>\n<div class=\"vc_table_green\"><\/p>\n<table style=\"width: 99.9987%;\">\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<th style=\"width: 100%; border-style: solid; border-color: #000000; background-color: rgba(184, 165, 217, 0.53); text-align: left; vertical-align: middle;\"><span style=\"color: #000000;\"><b>The 3V Approach of the World Bank for Transit Oriented Development<\/b><\/span><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"color: #000000;\"><b>In Transit-Oriented Development, no size fits all.\u00a0<\/b><\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"color: #000000;\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Understanding where, when, and how potential value can be created requires <\/span><b>highlighting the importance of different stations in a mass transit network.\u00a0\u00a0<\/b><\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"color: #000000;\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">The <\/span><b>World Bank Group<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> has developed a methodology called the <\/span><b>3V Framework<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> :<\/span><\/span>\n<ul>\n<li><span style=\"color: #000000;\"><b>Node Value:<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> It <\/span><b>describes the importance of a station in a public transit network<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> based on its passenger traffic volume, intramodality, and centrally within the network.<\/span><\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"2\"><span style=\"color: #000000;\"><b>Place Value:<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> It describes the<\/span><b> quality of urban fabric around the station<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">; in particular its pedestrian accessibility, local accessibility to shops, schools, and healthcare.<\/span><\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"2\"><span style=\"color: #000000;\"><b>Market Potential Value:<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> It describes the <\/span><b>unrealised market value of station areas<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">.<\/span><\/span>\n<ul>\n<li><span style=\"font-weight: 400; color: #000000;\">It depends on demands including current and future human densities, developable land, and market vibrancy.<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"color: #000000;\"><b>Significance of 3V Approach: <\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">The framework provides policy and decision-makers with clear indicators to <\/span><b>understand how the city&#8217;s economic goals, land use, and mass transit network interact.<\/b><\/span>\n<ul>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"2\"><span style=\"color: #000000;\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">It <\/span><b>outlines planning and implementation measures<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> for different clusters of stations that enable judicious use of limited public resources.<\/span><\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/th>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<p><\/div>\n<h2><span style=\"font-size: 18pt;\"><b>Transit Oriented Development<\/b><\/span><\/h2>\n<ul>\n<li aria-level=\"1\"><b>About:<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> Transit Oriented Development or TOD is<\/span><b> densification around nodes and corridors of public transit<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> so that <\/span><b>households can live in close proximity to their jobs.<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">\u00a0<\/span>\n<ul>\n<li><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">TOD focuses on <\/span><b>creation of high density mixed land use development in the <\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">influence <\/span><b>zone of transit stations, i.e. within the walking distance of (500-800 m)<\/b><\/li>\n<li><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">It enables them to <\/span><b>walk to work or use public transit<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> when required instead of depending on private vehicles.<\/span><\/li>\n<li><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">It promotes urban development that is <\/span><b>compact, mixed-use, pedestrian- and bicycle-friendly,<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> and <\/span><b>closely integrated with mass transit <\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">by clustering jobs, housing, services, and amenities around public transport stations.<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<li aria-level=\"1\"><b>Based on Premise: TOD is based on the premise that economic growth, urban transport, and land use can be managed more efficiently if planned together.<\/b><\/li>\n<li><b>Examples:<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> TOD has been successfully applied at a city scale in cities around the world including <\/span><b>Stockholm, Copenhagen, Hong Kong SAR, Tokyo, and Singapore.<\/b><\/li>\n<li aria-level=\"1\"><b>Figure shows : TOD along Transit Stations<\/b><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"aligncenter wp-image-133951\" src=\"https:\/\/pwonlyias.com\/stage\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/09\/2410-66f2bfbe3702b.webp\" alt=\"Transit Oriented Development\" width=\"646\" height=\"242\" srcset=\"https:\/\/pwonlyias.com\/stage\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/09\/2410-66f2bfbe3702b.webp 1287w, https:\/\/pwonlyias.com\/stage\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/09\/2410-66f2bfbe3702b-300x112.webp 300w, https:\/\/pwonlyias.com\/stage\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/09\/2410-66f2bfbe3702b-1024x384.webp 1024w, https:\/\/pwonlyias.com\/stage\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/09\/2410-66f2bfbe3702b-768x288.webp 768w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 646px) 100vw, 646px\" \/><\/p>\n<h3><span style=\"font-size: 16pt;\"><b>Benefits of Transit-Oriented Development<\/b><\/span><\/h3>\n<ul>\n<li><b>Reduction in commutation time: Reduce the need to Commute <\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">and thereby, <\/span><b>reduce traffic and congestion in the streets<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> as well as <\/span><b>reduce pollution <\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">caused by vehicles<\/span><\/li>\n<li><b>Enable efficient use of available land.<\/b><\/li>\n<li><b>Agglomeration Effects: <\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Promoting higher densities and the concentration of jobs within relatively small areas, <\/span><b>TOD creates agglomeration effects proven to boost a city\u2019s competitiveness.\u00a0<\/b>\n<ul>\n<li><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Studies have shown that doubling job density, for instance, increases economic productivity by 5 to 10%.<\/span><\/li>\n<li><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">This concentration creates vibrant communities with high-quality public areas and shorter commuting distances making cities more livable.<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<li><b>Boost Real Estate Value: <\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Proximity to mass transit improves access to TOD neighbourhoods, boosting their attractiveness and increasing real estate value.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><b>Enable healthy and active lifestyles by creating walkable communities: <\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">TOD promotes <\/span><b>walking, cycling, and public transit<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> to decrease reliance on personal vehicles.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><b>Improves the financial Viability of the Public Transport System:<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> TOD increases the <\/span><b>accessibility of the transit stations<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> by creating pedestrian and Non-Motorised Transport (NMT) friendly infrastructure that benefits a large number of people, thereby increasing the <\/span><b>ridership of the transit facility and improving the economic and financial viability of the system.<\/b><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><span class=\"vc_button\"><a href=\"https:\/\/store.pw.live\/govt-entrance-exams\/upsc-books\/upsc-modules?utm_source=SEO&#038;utm_medium=PW+Live&#038;utm_campaign=UPSC+Modules\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Check Out UPSC Modules From PW Store<\/span><\/a><\/span><\/p>\n<div class=\"vc_table_green\"><\/p>\n<table style=\"width: 100%;\">\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<th style=\"width: 100%; border-style: solid; border-color: #000000; background-color: rgba(184, 165, 217, 0.53); text-align: left; vertical-align: middle;\">\n<h3><span style=\"font-size: 16pt; color: #000000;\"><b>Transit Oriented Development Essentials\u00a0<\/b><\/span><\/h3>\n<ul>\n<li><span style=\"color: #000000;\"><b>High-Quality Public Transit Network: Example:\u00a0 <\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Bus Rapid Transit (BRT) (Ahmedabad) &#8211; Metro (Delhi) &#8211; Commuter Rail (Mumbai)\u00a0<\/span><\/span><\/li>\n<li><span style=\"color: #000000;\"><b>Intensification of land utilisation: <\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">for higher Household per sq.km, People per sq.km and Jobs per sq.km\u00a0<\/span><\/span><\/li>\n<li><span style=\"color: #000000;\"><b>Affordable housing in close proximity to public transit:\u00a0 <\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">to enable lower income families to access jobs\u00a0<\/span><\/span><\/li>\n<li><span style=\"color: #000000;\"><b>Pedestrian and bicycle infrastructure: <\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">\u00a0to ensure access to public transit (last mile connectivity)\u00a0<\/span><\/span><\/li>\n<li><span style=\"color: #000000;\"><b>Mix of activities and uses: <\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">\u00a0to reduce distances travelled for work or for recreation\u00a0<\/span><\/span><\/li>\n<li><span style=\"color: #000000;\"><b>Urban design that enhances quality of the built and open spaces for all user groups.<\/b><\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/th>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<p><\/div>\n<h2><span style=\"font-size: 18pt;\"><b>Way Forward for Enabling Transit Oriented Development<\/b><\/span><\/h2>\n<ul>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><b>Coordinated Planning Across Sectors: <\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Realising Transit-Oriented Development (ToD) necessitates collaborative efforts across various sectors.\u00a0<\/span>\n<ul>\n<li><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">There is a need to i<\/span><b>ntegrate ToD as a key component in the city&#8217;s master plan, identifying urban centres that align with the mass transport network and infrastructure.<\/b><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<li aria-level=\"1\"><b>Promotion of Mixed Land Use: <\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Mixed land use should be stipulated for development\/ redevelopment in the TOD zone as it would r<\/span><b>educe the need for travel by providing most of the activities<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> such as shopping, entertainment and public amenities such as schools, parks, playgrounds, hospitals etc.<\/span><b> within the walking distance of the residents.<\/b><\/li>\n<li><b>Enhancing Transit Accessibility: <\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">There is a need to implement policies that favour public transport, such as<\/span><b> reducing parking availability in urban areas and promoting public transit use over private vehicles.<\/b><\/li>\n<li><b>Multimodal Integration : <\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Integrated multimodal transport systems should ensure<\/span><b> seamless connectivity and user-friendly design<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">.<\/span>\n<ul>\n<li><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Adequate parking and pickup\/drop-off zones are essential to prevent congestion and <\/span><b>enhance first and last mile connectivity around transit stations.<\/b><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<li><b>Focus on pedestrians, cyclists and Non-Motorized Transport (NMT) users: <\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">The streets should be designed for users of all age groups and for all types of commuters including pedestrians, bicyclists, motorists and transit riders. <\/span><b>They should be safe and accessible by all.<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">\u00a0<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><b>Localised Implementation for Demonstration: <\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Cities can start ToD projects in manageable, localised areas near city centres.\u00a0<\/span>\n<ul>\n<li><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">These successful projects can serve as demonstrations for scaling up ToD efforts in other areas, boosting confidence and replicating successful models.<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><b>Learning from International Examples:<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> Adapt strategies and practices that have proven effective in other cities to fit the local context and needs.<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><span class=\"vc_button\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.pw.live\/batches\/upsc\/pw-only-ias?utm_source=seo+upsc+batch&#038;utm_medium=seo+upsc&#038;utm_campaign=seo&#038;utm_id=upsc\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\">Enroll now for UPSC Online Classes<\/a><\/span><\/p>\n<div class=\"vc_table_green\"><\/p>\n<table style=\"width: 99.9238%;\">\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"width: 137.805%; text-align: center; border-style: solid; border-color: #000000;\" colspan=\"2\"><span style=\"font-size: 18pt;\"><b>Must Read<\/b><\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"width: 50.5357%; text-align: center; border-style: solid; border-color: #000000;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/pwonlyias.com\/stage\/editorial-analysis\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">UPSC Daily Editorials<\/span><\/a><\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 87.2692%; text-align: center; border-style: solid; border-color: #000000;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/pwonlyias.com\/stage\/daily-current-affairs\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">UPSC Daily Current Affairs<\/span><\/a><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"width: 50.5357%; text-align: center; border-style: solid; border-color: #000000;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/store.pw.live\/govt-entrance-exams\/upsc-books\/upsc-textbooks?utm_source=SEO&#038;utm_medium=PW+Live&#038;utm_campaign=UPSC+Textbooks\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Check Out UPSC NCERT Textbooks From PW Store<\/span><\/a><\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 87.2692%; text-align: center; border-style: solid; border-color: #000000;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/store.pw.live\/govt-entrance-exams\/upsc-books\/upsc-modules?utm_source=SEO&#038;utm_medium=PW+Live&#038;utm_campaign=UPSC+Modules\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Check Out UPSC Modules From PW Store<\/span><\/a><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">\u00a0<\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"width: 50.5357%; text-align: center; border-style: solid; border-color: #000000;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/store.pw.live\/govt-entrance-exams\/upsc-books\/upsc-previous-year-papers?utm_source=SEO&#038;utm_medium=PW+Live&#038;utm_campaign=UPSC+Previous+Year+Papers\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Check Out Previous Years Papers From PW Store<\/span><\/a><\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 87.2692%; text-align: center; border-style: solid; border-color: #000000;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/pwonlyias.com\/stage\/upsc-test-series-courses\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">UPSC Test Series 2024<\/span><\/a><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"width: 50.5357%; text-align: center; border-style: solid; border-color: #000000;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/pwonlyias.com\/stage\/quiz\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Daily Current Affairs Quiz<\/span><\/a><\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 87.2692%; text-align: center; border-style: solid; border-color: #000000;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/pwonlyias.com\/stage\/mains-answer-writing\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Daily Main Answer Writing<\/span><\/a><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"width: 137.805%; text-align: center; border-style: solid; border-color: #000000;\" colspan=\"2\"><a href=\"https:\/\/store.pw.live\/govt-entrance-exams\/upsc-books?utm_source=SEO&#038;utm_medium=PW+Live&#038;utm_campaign=UPSC+CSE+Books\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Check Out UPSC CSE Books From PW Store<\/span><\/a><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<p><\/div>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>World Resource Institute (WRI) India\u2019s recent publication titled \u2018Jobs near metro rail transit in Bengaluru: Enabling an accessible and productive city\u2019.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":11,"featured_media":0,"menu_order":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"rank_math_lock_modified_date":false,"footnotes":""},"tags":[],"paper-wise":[2089],"subject":[2100],"acf":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/pwonlyias.com\/stage\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/current-affairs\/133984"}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/pwonlyias.com\/stage\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/current-affairs"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/pwonlyias.com\/stage\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/current-affairs"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/pwonlyias.com\/stage\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/11"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/pwonlyias.com\/stage\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=133984"}],"version-history":[{"count":5,"href":"https:\/\/pwonlyias.com\/stage\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/current-affairs\/133984\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":134070,"href":"https:\/\/pwonlyias.com\/stage\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/current-affairs\/133984\/revisions\/134070"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/pwonlyias.com\/stage\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=133984"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/pwonlyias.com\/stage\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=133984"},{"taxonomy":"paper-wise","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/pwonlyias.com\/stage\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/paper-wise?post=133984"},{"taxonomy":"subject","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/pwonlyias.com\/stage\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/subject?post=133984"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}