{"id":134127,"date":"2024-09-25T19:21:30","date_gmt":"2024-09-25T13:51:30","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/pwonlyias.com\/stage\/?post_type=current-affairs&#038;p=134127"},"modified":"2024-09-27T18:18:39","modified_gmt":"2024-09-27T12:48:39","slug":"sri-lankas-election","status":"publish","type":"current-affairs","link":"https:\/\/pwonlyias.com\/stage\/current-affairs\/sri-lankas-election","title":{"rendered":"Sri Lanka\u2019s Election and Ensuing Relation with India"},"content":{"rendered":"<p><b>Anura Kumara Dissanayake Leader of <\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">the <\/span><b>National People\u2019s Power (NPP) alliance, <\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">has been <\/span><b>elected as the 10th President of Sri Lanka.<\/b><\/p>\n<p><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"wp-image-134128 alignright\" src=\"https:\/\/pwonlyias.com\/stage\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/09\/251-66f413602caed.webp\" alt=\"Sri Lanka\u2019s Election\" width=\"300\" height=\"297\" srcset=\"https:\/\/pwonlyias.com\/stage\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/09\/251-66f413602caed.webp 537w, https:\/\/pwonlyias.com\/stage\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/09\/251-66f413602caed-300x297.webp 300w, https:\/\/pwonlyias.com\/stage\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/09\/251-66f413602caed-150x150.webp 150w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 300px) 100vw, 300px\" \/><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">The<\/span><b> NPP has received 42.3% of the votes <\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">in these elections, which is a significant upgrade from the 3% of the vote share it secured in the 2019 election.<\/span><\/li>\n<li><b>Facts:<\/b><\/li>\n<li style=\"list-style-type: none;\">\n<ul>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"2\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Anura Kumara Dissanayake <\/span><b>became the first Marxist political head of the country.<\/b><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"2\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">The<\/span><b> counting of votes entered for the first time to the Second Round<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">, a first since the introduction of the system of executive presidency in 1978.\u00a0<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h2><span style=\"font-size: 18pt;\"><b>About Anura Kumara Dissanayake<\/b><\/span><\/h2>\n<ul>\n<li><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">He is the<\/span><b> current party leader of the Janatha Vimukthi Peramuna (JVP)<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> and the National People&#8217;s Power.<\/span><\/li>\n<li><b>Constitutional Positions:<\/b>\n<ul>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"2\"><b>Parliamentarian:<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> He was first elected to<\/span><b> parliament in 200<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">1 and has remained an MP since then.<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><span class=\"vc_button\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.pw.live\/batches\/upsc?utm_source=seo+upsc+batch&#038;utm_medium=seo+upsc&#038;utm_campaign=seo&#038;utm_id=upsc\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\">Enroll now for UPSC Online Course<\/a><\/span><\/p>\n<h2><span style=\"font-size: 18pt;\"><b>Challenges for India<\/b><\/span><\/h2>\n<ul>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><b>The Tamil Issue:<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> Mr. Dissanayake is<\/span><b> not in favour of the implementation of the 13th amendment <\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">of the Sri Lankan Constitution, <\/span><b>devolving powers to the country\u2019s Tamil minority.<\/b>\n<ul>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"2\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">The President-elect has<\/span><b> also opposed any investigation into the alleged war crimes <\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">committed during the civil war between the Liberation Tigers of Tamil Eelam (LTTE) and Sri Lankan forces.<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><b>Anti India Stance: <\/b>T<span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">he Janatha Vimukthi Peramuna <\/span><b>(JVP) Party is known for its foundational anti-India and pro-China stance<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> with the founding leader of the Party, the late Rohana Wijeweera calling out <\/span><b>\u2018Indian expansionism\u2019 in the 1980\u2019s<\/b><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><b>Indian Projects: <\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">President Dissanayake\u2019s focus on sovereignty will likely <\/span><b>lead to Re-engagement in terms of various foreign projects.\u00a0<\/b>\n<ul>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"2\"><b>The President promised to cancel Gautam Adani\u2019s 450 MW wind power proje<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">ct in Sri Lanka if elected, describing the agreement as \u2018corrupt\u2019 and skewed against Sri Lanka\u2019s interests.<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><b>Exclusionary Ideology:<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> Janatha Vimukthi Peramuna (JVP) Party\u2019<\/span><b>s ideology is based on exclusion of minorities like the Tamils and Muslims<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> from almost all realms of activity.<\/span>\n<ul>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"2\"><b>Example: Dissanayake was an active participant in the anti-India protests of 1987, opposing the India-Sri Lanka accord, w<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">hich remains the only document on which peace has been negotiated so far.\u00a0<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><b>Political Headwinds in Neighbourhood: <\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">India is witnessing a <\/span><b>hostile political environment in its neighbourhood with Communist\/ Marxist <\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">governments in Nepal and Sri- Lanka, Pro China Islamist leaning Maldives and Pakistan and widespread political unrest in Bangladesh and Myanmar<\/span><b> endangering its regional security.<\/b><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h2><span style=\"font-size: 18pt;\"><b>Opportunities For India<\/b><\/span><\/h2>\n<ul>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><b>Building on Goodwill<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">: India has provided the <\/span><b>beleaguered Sri Lankan economy with assistance of over USD 4.5 billion<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> and supported Sri Lanka\u2019s <\/span><b>debt restructuring efforts during the Island nation&#8217;s economic crisis of 2022,<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> resulting in\u00a0 a significant goodwill for India across political circles, which India can further build upon.\u00a0<\/span>\n<ul>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"2\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Mr. Dissanayake lauded <\/span><b>\u00a0India&#8217;s role in addressing the economic crisis of 2022 in an interview<\/b><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><b>India\u2019s Security Concern:<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> Dissanayake assured as a key policy stance to ensure Sri Lanka&#8217;s sea, land, and airspace are <\/span><b>not allowed to be used in ways that threaten India and regional stability.<\/b>\n<ul>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"2\"><b>Example:<\/b> T<span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">he past government has leased the Hambantota Port to a Chinese firm.<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><b>India&#8217;s Support in Development Efforts: <\/b>T<span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">he President elect\u2019s\u00a0 <\/span><b>focus on enhancing Sri Lanka&#8217;s economic resilience without falling prey to debt dependency <\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">(China)\u00a0 will provide India with considerable opportunities to support the country in its development efforts.\u00a0<\/span>\n<ul>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"2\"><b>Example:<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> About 22 percent of<\/span><b> Sri Lanka\u2019s debt w<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">as owed to bilateral creditors, with China and Japan each accounting for 10 per cent and<\/span><b> India for 2 per cent<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">.<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><b>Balanced Foreign Policy Approach:<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> Mr. Dissanayake is said to pursue a balanced foreign policy approach <\/span><b>emphasising on nonalignment and equi-distance from the major powers in<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> pursuit of Sri Lanka&#8217;s national interests. This may help India acquire certain controversial Chinese investments for itself.\u00a0<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><b>Engaging all the Political Spectrums: <\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">India did host Mr.Dissanayake in February 2024,<\/span><b> arranging a meeting with NSA Ajit Doval and Foreign Minister S. Jaishankar <\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">in a move widely seen as learning from it<\/span><b>s failed \u2018putting all eggs in a single basket\u2019 strategy in Maldives and Bangladesh.\u00a0<\/b><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><b>Some Reassurance to Tamils: <\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Mr. Dissanayake has promise to <\/span><b>hold elections to provincial councils, a<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> tier of government that the JVP had once opposed, must be reassuring to Tamils<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><b>Help in Dairy Sector: T<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">he new President is<\/span><b> interested in adopting the AMUL model of India for development of Sri Lanks\u2019s Dairy Sector.<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> India can be a partner for Sri Lanka by providing its expertise.\u00a0<\/span>\n<ul>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"2\"><b>Example: <\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">A <\/span><b>joint venture agreement<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> among India\u2019s <\/span><b>National Dairy Development Board, <\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">the Gujarat Cooperative Milk Marketing Federation, and<\/span><b> Cargills of Sri Lanka for <\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">self-sufficiency in the dairy sector was signed last year.<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><span class=\"vc_button\"><a href=\"https:\/\/store.pw.live\/govt-entrance-exams\/upsc-books?utm_source=SEO&#038;utm_medium=PW+Live&#038;utm_campaign=UPSC+CSE+Books\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Check Out UPSC CSE Books From PW Store<\/span><\/a><\/span><\/p>\n<div class=\"vc_table_green\"><\/p>\n<table style=\"width: 99.8983%;\">\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"width: 100%;\">\n<h3><span style=\"font-size: 16pt;\"><b>India-Sri Lanka Relations<\/b><\/span><\/h3>\n<p><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"wp-image-134129 alignright\" src=\"https:\/\/pwonlyias.com\/stage\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/09\/252-66f413601ebbc.webp\" alt=\"Sri Lanka\u2019s Election\" width=\"400\" height=\"429\" srcset=\"https:\/\/pwonlyias.com\/stage\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/09\/252-66f413601ebbc.webp 716w, https:\/\/pwonlyias.com\/stage\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/09\/252-66f413601ebbc-280x300.webp 280w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 400px) 100vw, 400px\" \/><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><b>Civilisational Twins<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">: Sri Lanka is considered India\u2019s civilisational Twin because o<\/span><b>f the long-standing\u00a0 cultural, religious, and trade and person to person ties since ancient times.<\/b>\n<ul>\n<li><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Both the countries have a shared heritage manifested in the <\/span><b>Ramayana stories and Buddhism practice.<\/b><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<li><b>Trade: <\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">India is Sri Lanka\u2019s<\/span><b> largest trading partner with a share of 16 percent<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> in Sri Lanka\u2019s total trade with the world.<\/span>\n<ul>\n<li><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">It is also Sri Lanka\u2019s <\/span><b>third largest export destination,<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> after the US and UK.<\/span><\/li>\n<li><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">More than <\/span><b>60% of Sri Lanka\u2019s exports enjoy the benefits of the India-Sri Lanka Free Trade Agreement.\u00a0<\/b><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<li><b>Tourism: <\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Indian tourists <\/span><b>constitute 17% of the total tourist arrivals in the country<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> , the largest.<\/span>\n<ul>\n<li><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">The Government of India formally launched the<\/span><b> e-Tourist Visa (eTV) scheme for Sri Lankan tourists in 2015.<\/b><\/li>\n<li><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">India and Sri Lanka entered into an <\/span><b>Open Sky Agreement in 2016 enabling Sri Lankan Airlines to operate an unlimited number of flights to India.<\/b><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<li><b>Indian Aid and Assistance:\u00a0<\/b>\n<ul>\n<li><b>The Indian Housing Project: <\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">It is Government of India\u2019s flagship grant project in Sri Lanka with an initial commitment to build <\/span><b>50,000 houses in war affected areas and estate workers in the plantation areas.<\/b><\/li>\n<li><b>Development of the East Container Terminal at Colombo Port\u00a0<\/b><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"2\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Funding the renovation cost of the <\/span><b>Kankesanthurai Port in Northern Province.<\/b><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"2\"><b>Renewable Energy:<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> A <\/span><b>\u201cHybrid Renewable Energy Systems\u201d <\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">is to be built by India in three islands off Jaffna peninsula with a $11-million grant.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"2\"><b>India offers about 710 scholarship slots a<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">nnually to Sri Lankan students.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"2\"><b>\u2018Study in India\u2019 Program: I<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">ndian institutes\u00a0 provide technical expertise across a diverse range of courses, and include programs in niche disciplines such as Ayurveda, Yoga, and Buddhist Studies.\u00a0<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><b>Regional Cooperation:<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> India and Sri Lanka are both members of the South Asian Association for Regional Cooperation <\/span><b>(SAARC), <\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">The Bay of Bengal Initiative for Multi-Sectoral Technical and Economic Cooperation<\/span><b> (BIMSTEC) a<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">nd Indian Ocean Rim Association<\/span><b> (IORA) in South Asia.<\/b><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><b>Defense Cooperation: <\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">India and Sri Lanka conduct joint Military<\/span><b> (Mitra Shakti) and Naval exercise (SLINEX).<\/b><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h3><span style=\"font-size: 16pt;\"><b>Importance of Sri Lanka to India<\/b><\/span><\/h3>\n<ul>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><b>Geopolitical Location: <\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Sri Lanka is situated in a strategically significant location in the Indian Ocean region,<\/span><b> very close to India\u2019s southern tip. <\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Its proximity makes it a critical neighbor for India in terms of security and regional stability.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><b>Maritime Security:<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> Sri Lanka\u2019s position in the Indian Ocean and the presence of crucial maritim<\/span><b>e chokepoints like the Palk Strait and the Gulf of Mannar <\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">give it importance in maintaining India\u2019s maritime security interests.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><b>Cultural and Historical links<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">: India and Sri Lanka have <\/span><b>deep-rooted cultural and historical connections dating back centuries.<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> These ties provide a strong foundation for diplomatic relations and people-to-people contacts.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><b>Energy security: <\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Sri Lanka\u2019s location makes it significant for India\u2019s energy security, as it is a potential partner for regional energy projects, including those involving renewable energy and power connectivity.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><b>Regional influence<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">: Both India and Sri Lanka play essential roles in the dynamics of South Asia. Their collaboration and coordination can significantly impact regional affairs and contribute to peace and stability in the broader South Asian region.<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<p><\/div>\n<div class=\"vc_table_green\"><\/p>\n<table style=\"width: 99.929%;\">\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"width: 137.83%; text-align: center; border-style: solid; border-color: #000000;\" colspan=\"2\"><span style=\"font-size: 18pt;\"><b>Must Read<\/b><\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"width: 50.5357%; text-align: center; border-style: solid; border-color: #000000;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/pwonlyias.com\/stage\/editorial-analysis\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">UPSC Daily Editorials<\/span><\/a><\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 87.2942%; text-align: center; border-style: solid; border-color: #000000;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/pwonlyias.com\/stage\/daily-current-affairs\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">UPSC Daily Current Affairs<\/span><\/a><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"width: 50.5357%; 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