{"id":136642,"date":"2024-10-09T19:21:32","date_gmt":"2024-10-09T13:51:32","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/pwonlyias.com\/stage\/?post_type=current-affairs&#038;p=136642"},"modified":"2024-10-10T12:03:21","modified_gmt":"2024-10-10T06:33:21","slug":"black-carbon-emissions-in-india","status":"publish","type":"current-affairs","link":"https:\/\/pwonlyias.com\/stage\/current-affairs\/black-carbon-emissions-in-india","title":{"rendered":"India\u2019s Black carbon emissions"},"content":{"rendered":"<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">India\u2019s reliance on kerosene-based lamps as a secondary lighting source leads to release of 12.5 gigagrams (Gg) per year of a potent climate pollutant called black carbon.\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<h2><span style=\"font-size: 18pt;\"><b>Black Carbon Emissions in India<\/b><\/span><\/h2>\n<ul>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">India releases <\/span><b>12.5 gigagrams (Gg) of black carbon annually<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> due to kerosene-based lighting.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">This accounts for <\/span><b>10% of total residential black carbon emissions<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> (from cooking, heating, and lighting).<\/span><\/li>\n<li><b>Rural Dependency on Kerosene Lamps:<\/b>\n<ul>\n<li><b>30% of rural households<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> use kerosene lighting during power cuts.<\/span><\/li>\n<li><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">The figure reaches as high as <\/span><b>70% in eastern regions<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> of India.<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<li><b>Regional Emission Contributions:<\/b>\n<ul>\n<li><b>Eastern India<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> contributes<\/span><b> 60% (7.5 Gg)<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> of black carbon emissions from secondary lighting sources.<\/span><\/li>\n<li><b>Bihar<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> alone emits over <\/span><b>3 Gg per year<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> from kerosene lighting.<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<li><b>Impact of Festivals (Diwali):<\/b>\n<ul>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"2\"><b>Sesame oil lamps during Diwali<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> contribute significant emissions (additional <\/span><b>3 Gg<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> of black carbon in 2 days).<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"2\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Emissions from Diwali lamps in t<\/span><b>op states (Uttar Pradesh, Maharashtra, Andhra Pradesh, Tamil Nadu, Bihar)<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"2\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Switching to <\/span><b>wax-based lamps<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> could reduce emissions by <\/span><b>90%<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">.<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><span class=\"vc_button\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.pw.live\/batches\/upsc\/pw-only-ias?utm_source=seo+upsc+batch&#038;utm_medium=seo+upsc&#038;utm_campaign=seo&#038;utm_id=upsc\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Enroll now for UPSC Online Classes<\/a><\/span><\/p>\n<h2><span style=\"font-size: 18pt;\"><b>Key Government Initiatives to Reduce <\/b><\/span><span style=\"font-size: 18pt;\"><b>Black Carbon Emissions in India<\/b><\/span><\/h2>\n<ul>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><b>Saubhagya Scheme:<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> Helped reduce kerosene consumption by expanding access to electricity.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><b>Pradhan Mantri Ujjwala Yojana:<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> LPG connections to women of Below Poverty Line families, helped to reduce Black carbon emission.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><b>SATAT Scheme:<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> Sustainable Alternative Towards Affordable Transportation (SATAT), has been launched to set up 5000 Compressed Biogas (CBG) production plants and make CBG available in the market for use.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><b>FAME Scheme<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">: Faster Adoption and Manufacturing of Electric Vehicles (FAME) phase-2 scheme<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><b>National Clean Air Programme: <\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Under the Programme, the government has revised its target to achieve a <\/span><b>40% reduction in particulate matter concentrations<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> in the cities covered by the initiative by <\/span><b>2026<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">, exceeding the previous goal of a<\/span><b> 20-30%<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> reduction by 2024.<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"wp-image-136621 alignright\" src=\"https:\/\/pwonlyias.com\/stage\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/10\/99-67068570be18d.webp\" alt=\"Black Carbon\" width=\"400\" height=\"480\" srcset=\"https:\/\/pwonlyias.com\/stage\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/10\/99-67068570be18d.webp 605w, https:\/\/pwonlyias.com\/stage\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/10\/99-67068570be18d-250x300.webp 250w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 400px) 100vw, 400px\" \/><\/p>\n<h2><span style=\"font-size: 18pt;\"><b>About Black Carbon<\/b><\/span><\/h2>\n<ul>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Black carbon is a <\/span><b>short-lived climate pollutant,<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> less than a week, but is <\/span><b>highly potent.<\/b><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">It contributes to <\/span><b>global warming and air pollution<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">.\u00a0<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><b>Sources:<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> Black carbon is emitted from a<\/span><b> variety of sources<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">, including: <\/span><b>Vehicles, Non-road mobile machinery, Ships<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">, <\/span><b>Coal or wood burning stoves<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">, Forest fires, Agricultural waste burning.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Though <\/span><b>kerosene has a lower burn rate than biomass,<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> the <\/span><b>emissions factors<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> of the former are <\/span><b>higher than the latter.<\/b><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h3><span style=\"font-size: 16pt;\"><b>Impacts of Black Carbon<\/b><\/span><\/h3>\n<ul>\n<li aria-level=\"1\"><b>Climate change<\/b>\n<ul>\n<li><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Black carbon is a <\/span><b>major contributor <\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">to climate change, <\/span><b>absorbing solar radiation<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> and <\/span><b>releasing heat into the atmosphere.<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">\u00a0<\/span><\/li>\n<li><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">It&#8217;s the <\/span><b>second most important contributor to global warmin<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">g, after <\/span><b>carbon dioxide.\u00a0<\/b><\/li>\n<li><b>Global warming potential<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">: Black carbon&#8217;s 20-year potential is <\/span><b>700-4,000<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> times that of CO2<\/span><\/li>\n<li><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Black carbon emissions can also <\/span><b>accelerate the melting of snow and ice<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">, which can increase the impacts of global warming in the Arctic.\u00a0<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<li><b>Air pollution<\/b>\n<ul>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"2\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Black carbon is a <\/span><b>component of particulate matter (PM)<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">, which is the most <\/span><b>harmful air pollutant<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> to health.\u00a0<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"2\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Black carbon particles are <\/span><b>very fine<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> and can <\/span><b>enter the bloodstream<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> and reach other organs.\u00a0<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"2\"><b>PM2.5<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">, a type of <\/span><b>fine particulate matter<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">, can cause <\/span><b>damage to the lungs, heart,<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> and <\/span><b>brain<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">.\u00a0<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<div class=\"vc_table_green\"><\/p>\n<table style=\"width: 100.043%;\">\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td 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