{"id":137043,"date":"2024-10-11T19:15:24","date_gmt":"2024-10-11T13:45:24","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/pwonlyias.com\/stage\/?post_type=current-affairs&#038;p=137043"},"modified":"2024-10-14T12:30:21","modified_gmt":"2024-10-14T07:00:21","slug":"news-in-shorts-11-october-2024","status":"publish","type":"current-affairs","link":"https:\/\/pwonlyias.com\/stage\/current-affairs\/news-in-shorts-11-october-2024","title":{"rendered":"News in Shorts: 11 October 2024"},"content":{"rendered":"<h2 style=\"text-align: center;\"><span style=\"font-size: 18pt;\"><strong>Green Patches in Antarctica, Worrying Scientists<\/strong><\/span><\/h2>\n<p><span style=\"font-size: 16pt;\"><b>Context:\u00a0<\/b><\/span><b>Plant cover<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> across the<\/span><b> Antarctic Peninsula <\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">that points north towards South America, has <\/span><b>increased more than 10 times <\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">over the past few decades due to rising temperatures, as per a new study.<\/span><\/p>\n<h3><span style=\"font-size: 16pt;\"><b>About the Study<\/b><\/span><\/h3>\n<ul>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Study published in <\/span><b>Nature Geoscience<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">, conducted by <\/span><b>University of Exeter, Hertfordshire<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">, and <\/span><b>British Antarctic Survey<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><b>The Study was <\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">primarily focused on the Antarctic Peninsula, a region <\/span><b>warming faster<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> than the rest of Antarctica.<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h3><span style=\"font-size: 16pt;\"><b>Key Highlights<\/b><\/span><\/h3>\n<ul>\n<li aria-level=\"1\"><b>Warming in Antarctica:<\/b>\n<ul>\n<li><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Antarctica is warming <\/span><b>twice as fast as the global average<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> (0.22-0.32\u00b0C per decade).<\/span><\/li>\n<li><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">The <\/span><b>Antarctic Peninsula<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> is warming <\/span><b>five times faster than the global average<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">, now <\/span><b>3\u00b0C warmer<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> than in 1950.<\/span><\/li>\n<li><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Record-breaking heat waves observed:<\/span>\n<ul>\n<li><b>July 2024<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">: Temperatures <\/span><b>10\u00b0C higher<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> than normal.<\/span><\/li>\n<li><b>March 2022<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">: Heatwave saw temperatures <\/span><b>39\u00b0C above normal<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> in East Antarctica.<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<li><b>Vegetation Expansion:<\/b>\n<ul>\n<li><b>Plant cover<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> in the Antarctic Peninsula has increased <\/span><b>14 times<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> in 35 years due to rising temperatures<\/span><\/li>\n<li><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Vegetation (mostly <\/span><b>mosses<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> and <\/span><b>lichen<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">) covered less than <\/span><b>1 sq km in 1986<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">, now covers <\/span><b>almost 12 sq km in 2021<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">.<\/span><\/li>\n<li><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Rate of <\/span><b>greening increased by over 30% between 2016-2021<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">.<\/span><\/li>\n<li><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Warmer seas may contribute to <\/span><b>wetter conditions<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">, encouraging plant growth.<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<li aria-level=\"1\"><b>Global Climate Change Impact:<\/b>\n<ul>\n<li><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Antarctic greening is linked to <\/span><b>anthropogenic climate change<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">, demonstrating that climate change&#8217;s influence has <\/span><b>no geographical limit<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">.<\/span><\/li>\n<li><b>Sea ice extent<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">: 2024 recorded the <\/span><b>second smallest<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> sea ice extent, contributing to <\/span><b>warmer seas<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">.<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<li aria-level=\"1\"><b>Consequences of Increased Vegetation:<\/b>\n<ul>\n<li><b>Invasive species<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> risk: Mosses create soil, which could attract invasive species, threatening <\/span><b>native flora and fauna<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">.<\/span><\/li>\n<li><b>Albedo effect<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">: Increased plant cover darkens the surface, reducing <\/span><b>sunlight reflection<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">, which could <\/span><b>raise temperatures<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> further.<\/span><\/li>\n<li><b>Loss of ice mass<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">: Antarctica is already losing <\/span><b>280% more ice mass<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> in recent decades, contributing to <\/span><b>rising global sea levels<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">.<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<li aria-level=\"1\"><b>Future Implications: <\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">As <\/span><b>greenhouse gas emissions rise<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">, the warming trend will likely continue, leading to more vegetation and <\/span><b>further environmental changes<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> in Antarctica.<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h3><span style=\"font-size: 16pt;\"><b>Facts about Antarctica<\/b><\/span><\/h3>\n<ul>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><b>Fifth-largest continent<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">, being about 40% larger than Europe<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Earth&#8217;s <\/span><b>coldest, highest, driest, and windiest<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> expanse.\u00a0<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">The average elevation is <\/span><b>7,200 feet (2,200 meters)<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> above sea level.\u00a0<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Often referred to as the<\/span><b> \u201cFrozen Continent\u201d or the \u201cWhite Continent\u201d<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">.\u00a0<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Home to the world&#8217;s only known <\/span><b>\u201clava lakes\u201d<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">.\u00a0<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Home to penguins, notably the<\/span><b> Adelie penguins.\u00a0<\/b><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">It has the<\/span><b> highest average wind speed<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> on the planet.\u00a0<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">The <\/span><b>Antarctic Ice Sheet<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> is the <\/span><b>world&#8217;s largest single mass of ice.\u00a0<\/b><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">The sun does <\/span><b>not rise in Antarctica<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> from the <\/span><b>vernal equinox to the autumnal equinox<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> and does <\/span><b>not set in Antarctica <\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">throughout the <\/span><b>summer <\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">months.\u00a0<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><b>Antarctic Circumpolar Current (ACC)<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> is the <\/span><b>world&#8217;s largest wind-driven current<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> and the <\/span><b>only current<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> that links the<\/span><b> Atlantic, Pacific, and Indian oceans<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">.<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"aligncenter wp-image-137049\" src=\"https:\/\/pwonlyias.com\/stage\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/10\/116-670929c3eb1b4.webp\" alt=\"Green patches\" width=\"700\" height=\"567\" srcset=\"https:\/\/pwonlyias.com\/stage\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/10\/116-670929c3eb1b4.webp 880w, https:\/\/pwonlyias.com\/stage\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/10\/116-670929c3eb1b4-300x243.webp 300w, https:\/\/pwonlyias.com\/stage\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/10\/116-670929c3eb1b4-768x622.webp 768w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 700px) 100vw, 700px\" \/><\/p>\n<h3><span style=\"font-size: 16pt;\"><b>India\u2019s Antarctic Programme<\/b><\/span><\/h3>\n<ul>\n<li><b>Dakshin Gangotri: <\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">India&#8217;s first Antarctic research base, built in <\/span><b>1983<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">; abandoned <\/span><b>in 1989.<\/b><\/li>\n<li><b>Maitri: <\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">India&#8217;s <\/span><b>second Antarctic research base<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">, built in <\/span><b>1989.<\/b>\n<ul>\n<li><b>Maitri II:<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> A new station is being built to <\/span><b>replace Maitri <\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">due to its outdated infrastructure. Expected to be completed in J<\/span><b>anuary 2029.<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">\u00a0<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<li><b>Bharti: <\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">India&#8217;s<\/span><b> third Antarctic research station<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">, built in <\/span><b>2012<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">.<\/span><\/li>\n<li><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">A scientific research and exploration program under the National Centre for Antarctic and Ocean Research (NCPOR), <\/span><b>started in 1981 <\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">with India&#8217;s first expedition to Antarctica. <\/span><b>.<\/b><\/li>\n<li><b>NCPOR<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> was established in <\/span><b>1998.<\/b><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>\u00a0<\/p>\n<h2 style=\"text-align: center;\"><span style=\"font-size: 18pt;\"><strong>World Post Day 2024: Theme, History, Significance<\/strong><\/span><\/h2>\n<p><span style=\"font-size: 16pt;\"><b>Context:\u00a0<\/b><\/span><b>World Post Day<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> is celebrated every year on <\/span><b>October 9 <\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">to recognize the <\/span><b>role of the postal system in communication, trade, and development.<\/b><\/p>\n<h3><span style=\"font-size: 16pt;\"><b>Key highlights<\/b><\/span><\/h3>\n<ul>\n<li aria-level=\"1\"><b>150th Anniversary of (UPU): <\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">This year marks 150 years since the founding of the UPU in 1874 in Celebrating World Post Day<\/span>\n<ul>\n<li><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">The UPU was established in 1874\u00a0 to create a unified international postal system, making global mail exchange more efficient.<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<li><b>History:<\/b>\n<ul>\n<li><b>World Post Day:<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> Declared in 1969 at the UPU Congress in Tokyo to emphasise the importance of postal services.<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<li><b>Theme for 2024: &#8220;150 years of enabling communication and empowering peoples across nations.<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">&#8220;<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h3><span style=\"font-size: 16pt;\"><b>Significance of Postal Services<\/b><\/span><\/h3>\n<ul>\n<li><b>Communication:<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> Essential for connecting people worldwide.<\/span><\/li>\n<li><b>Trade: <\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Facilitates the exchange of goods and services.<\/span><\/li>\n<li><b>Development: <\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Supports economic growth and social progress.<\/span><\/li>\n<li><b>E-commerce: <\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Plays a vital role in online shopping and delivery.<\/span><\/li>\n<li><b>Financial inclusion: <\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Provides access to financial services in remote areas.<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>\u00a0<\/p>\n<h2 style=\"text-align: center;\"><span style=\"font-size: 18pt;\"><strong>RBI Enhances Transaction Limits on UPI 123, UPI Lite<\/strong><\/span><\/h2>\n<p><span style=\"font-size: 16pt;\"><b>Context:\u00a0<\/b><\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">To encourage wider adoption of the unified payments interface (UPI), the RBI recently announced an <\/span><b>increase in transaction limits on UPI123 and UPI Lite.<\/b><\/p>\n<h3><span style=\"font-size: 16pt;\"><b>About UPI Lite<\/b><\/span><\/h3>\n<ul>\n<li><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">UPI Lite is an <\/span><b>&#8220;On-device wallet.<\/b>\n<ul>\n<li><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Users must <\/span><b>first contribute money to the app&#8217;s wallet from their bank accounts.\u00a0<\/b><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<li><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Users can make real-time payments without the Internet\u00a0<\/span><\/li>\n<li><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Allows users to <\/span><b>make low-value transactions<\/b> <b>without entering a UPI PIN.<\/b><\/li>\n<li><b>Phase One:\u00a0 UPI Lite will process transactions in near offline mode, Debit (payments) can be made without Internet connection and credits into the account will be done online<\/b><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><b>Initial limit: \u20b9500<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> per transaction, with a wallet limit of <\/span><b>\u20b92,000<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><b>New limits<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">:<\/span>\n<ul>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"2\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Per transaction: <\/span><b>\u20b91,000<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"2\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Wallet limit: <\/span><b>\u20b95,000<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">.<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h3><span style=\"font-size: 16pt;\"><b>About UPI123Pay<\/b><\/span><\/h3>\n<ul>\n<li><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">UPI 123Pay is a<\/span><b> Suite of solutions developed for Non Smart phone \/ feature phone users <\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">to use the UPI <\/span><b>without internet connectivity<\/b><\/li>\n<li><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Started in <\/span><b>March 2022<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> to<\/span><b> enable feature-phone users to use UPI.<\/b><\/li>\n<li><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">It is available in <\/span><b>12 languages.<\/b><\/li>\n<li><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Technology alternatives include<\/span><b> IVR number, app functionality, missed-call and proximity sound-based payments.<\/b><\/li>\n<li><b>Transaction Limits:<\/b>\n<ul>\n<li><b>Initial<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> transaction limit: <\/span><b>\u20b95,000 per transaction.<\/b><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"2\"><b>New<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> transaction limit: Increased to<\/span><b> \u20b910,000 <\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">to encourage wider use.<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h3><span style=\"font-size: 16pt;\"><b>RBI&#8217;s New Initiatives<\/b><\/span><\/h3>\n<ul>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><b>Beneficiary Account Name Look-up for RTGS and NEFT<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">:<\/span>\n<ul>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"2\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Similar to UPI and IMPS, this facility will allow remitters to verify the name of the beneficiary by inputting <\/span><b>account number<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> and <\/span><b>branch IFSC code<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> before transferring funds.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"2\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Aims to increase <\/span><b>customer confidence<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">, reduce wrong credits, and prevent frauds.<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h3><span style=\"font-size: 16pt;\"><b>Significance<\/b><\/span><\/h3>\n<ul>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><b>Encourages digital payments<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> adoption, especially for feature-phone users and small-value transactions.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Enhances <\/span><b>trust and accuracy<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> in fund transfers by allowing <\/span><b>account name verification<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">.<\/span><\/li>\n<li><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Boosts India&#8217;s <\/span><b>digital payment infrastructure<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> and promotes financial inclusion.<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><span class=\"vc_button\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.pw.live\/batches\/upsc?utm_source=seo+upsc+batch&#038;utm_medium=seo+upsc&#038;utm_campaign=seo&#038;utm_id=upsc\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Enroll now for UPSC Online 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About the Study Study published in Nature Geoscience, conducted by University of Exeter, Hertfordshire, and British Antarctic&hellip; <a class=\"more-link\" href=\"https:\/\/pwonlyias.com\/stage\/current-affairs\/news-in-shorts-11-october-2024\">Continue reading <span class=\"screen-reader-text\">News in Shorts: 11 October 2024<\/span><\/a><\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":11,"featured_media":0,"menu_order":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"rank_math_lock_modified_date":false,"footnotes":""},"tags":[],"paper-wise":[],"subject":[],"acf":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/pwonlyias.com\/stage\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/current-affairs\/137043"}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/pwonlyias.com\/stage\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/current-affairs"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/pwonlyias.com\/stage\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/current-affairs"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/pwonlyias.com\/stage\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/11"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/pwonlyias.com\/stage\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=137043"}],"version-history":[{"count":7,"href":"https:\/\/pwonlyias.com\/stage\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/current-affairs\/137043\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":137216,"href":"https:\/\/pwonlyias.com\/stage\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/current-affairs\/137043\/revisions\/137216"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/pwonlyias.com\/stage\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=137043"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/pwonlyias.com\/stage\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=137043"},{"taxonomy":"paper-wise","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/pwonlyias.com\/stage\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/paper-wise?post=137043"},{"taxonomy":"subject","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/pwonlyias.com\/stage\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/subject?post=137043"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}