{"id":137353,"date":"2024-10-14T20:00:39","date_gmt":"2024-10-14T14:30:39","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/pwonlyias.com\/stage\/?post_type=current-affairs&#038;p=137353"},"modified":"2024-10-16T17:38:33","modified_gmt":"2024-10-16T12:08:33","slug":"right-to-free-food","status":"publish","type":"current-affairs","link":"https:\/\/pwonlyias.com\/stage\/current-affairs\/right-to-free-food","title":{"rendered":"Right To Free Food"},"content":{"rendered":"<p><b>World Food Day<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">, observed annually on <\/span><b>October 16,<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> serves as a vital reminder of the <\/span><b>global commitment <\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">to achieving <\/span><b>food and nutritional security<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">.<\/span><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><b>Food Insecurity:<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> According to the<\/span><b> FAO&#8217;s State of Food Security and Nutrition in the World (SOFI report),<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> approximately <\/span><b>2.33 billion people <\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">worldwide experience<\/span><b> moderate to severe food insecurity.\u00a0<\/b><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><span class=\"vc_button\">Also Read: <a href=\"https:\/\/pwonlyias.com\/stage\/world-food-day-2024\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">World Food Day 2024<\/a><\/span><\/p>\n<div class=\"vc_table_green\"><\/p>\n<table style=\"width: 99.8983%;\">\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<th style=\"width: 100%; border-style: solid; border-color: #000000; background-color: rgba(184, 165, 217, 0.53); text-align: left; vertical-align: middle;\"><span style=\"color: #000000;\"><b>World Food Day<\/b><\/span><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"color: #000000;\"><b>Celebrated on: <\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">World Food Day is celebrated annually on <\/span><b>16th October<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> to <\/span><b>commemorate the establishment of the United Nations Food and Agriculture Organisation (FAO)<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> in <\/span><b>1945.<\/b><\/span>\n<ul>\n<li aria-level=\"2\"><span style=\"color: #000000;\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">The<\/span><b> FAO<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> is a<\/span><b> specialised agency <\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">of the <\/span><b>United Nations <\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">that leads international efforts to combat hunger.<\/span><\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<li><span style=\"color: #000000;\"><b>Focus on Sustainable Development Goal: <\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">It emphasises <\/span><b>Sustainable Development Goal 2 (SDG 2)<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">, which aims for Zero Hunger.<\/span><\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"color: #000000;\"><b>Theme of 2024 FAO\u2019s World Food Day: \u201cRight to Foods for a Better Life and a Better Future\u201d.<\/b><\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/th>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<p><\/div>\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><span class=\"vc_button\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.pw.live\/batches\/upsc?utm_source=seo+upsc+batch&#038;utm_medium=seo+upsc&#038;utm_campaign=seo&#038;utm_id=upsc\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Enroll now for UPSC Online Course<\/a><\/span><\/p>\n<h2><span style=\"font-size: 18pt;\"><b>About Right to Food<\/b><\/span><\/h2>\n<ul>\n<li><b>Definition of Right to Food: <\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">The <\/span><b>&#8220;Right to Food&#8221; <\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">broadly means that e<\/span><b>very individual has the right to access sufficient, safe, and nutritious food<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">.\u00a0<\/span><\/li>\n<li><b>Recognition of \u2018Right to Food\u2019 in International Human Rights Instruments: <\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">The right to food is recognized in the <\/span><b>1948 Universal Declaration of\u00a0 Human Rights<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> and is enshrined in the <\/span><b>1966 International Covenant on Economic, Social and Cultural Rights.\u00a0<\/b><\/li>\n<li><b>Key Elements of the Right to Food:\u00a0<\/b>\n<ul>\n<li><b>Availability: <\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Availability means food should be <\/span><b>available through farming, animal husbandry, fishing, or gathering etc,<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> and should also be<\/span><b> available for purchase in markets and shops.<\/b><\/li>\n<li><b>Accessibility<\/b>\n<ul>\n<li><b>Economic Accessibility: <\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Food should be <\/span><b>affordable<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">, allowing individuals to <\/span><b>meet their dietary needs <\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">without sacrificing other basic necessities.<\/span><\/li>\n<li><b>Physical Accessibility: <\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Food access must be <\/span><b>guaranteed for vulnerable groups (children, elderly, disabled)<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> and those in<\/span><b> remote areas or crisis situations<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">.<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<li><b>Adequacy: <\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Food must <\/span><b>meet dietary needs based on factors like age, health, and cultural preferences.<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> It should be<\/span><b> safe for consumption, free from harmful substances, and culturally acceptable to recipients.<\/b><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h2><span style=\"font-size: 18pt;\"><b>India\u2019s Approach to Right to Food<\/b><\/span><\/h2>\n<ul>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><b>No Explicit Provision:<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> The Indian Constitution<\/span><b> does not have any explicit provision<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> regarding the right to food.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><b>Extension of the Right to Life: <\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">The fundamental right to life enshrined in <\/span><b>Article 21 of the\u00a0 Indian Constitution<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> can be interpreted to <\/span><b>include the right to life with human dignity which may include Right to Food.<\/b><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><b>Constitutional Provisions<\/b>\n<ul>\n<li><b>Article 39(a):<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> Directs the State to secure the<\/span><b> right to adequate livelihood for all citizens.<\/b><\/li>\n<li><b>Article 47:<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> Establishes the<\/span><b> State&#8217;s duty to improve nutrition and living standards<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> as a primary responsibility.<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><span class=\"vc_button\"><a href=\"https:\/\/store.pw.live\/govt-entrance-exams\/upsc-books?utm_source=SEO&#038;utm_medium=PW+Live&#038;utm_campaign=UPSC+CSE+Books\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Check Out UPSC CSE Books From PW Store<\/span><\/a><\/span><\/p>\n<h2><span style=\"font-size: 18pt;\"><b>Measures to Implement Right to Food in India<\/b><\/span><\/h2>\n<ul>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><b>Green Revolution: <\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">The Green Revolution in India, spearheaded by <\/span><b>M.S. Swaminathan, <\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">transformed <\/span><b>Indian agriculture in the 1960s and 70s.\u00a0<\/b>\n<ul>\n<li><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">It introduced <\/span><b>high-yielding variety (HYV) <\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">seeds, modern <\/span><b>irrigation techniques<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">, and <\/span><b>chemical fertilisers,<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> significantly boosting food grain production and <\/span><b>making India self-sufficient in food.<\/b><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><b>Buffer Stocks : <\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">The <\/span><b>Food Corporation of India (FCI) maintains buffer stocks<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> of food grains to <\/span><b>stabilise food security.\u00a0<\/b><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><b>Public Distribution System (PDS): <\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">The Public Distribution System (PDS) is a food security system that was established by the Government of India under the <\/span><b>Ministry of Consumer Affairs, Food and Public Distribution<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> to distribute <\/span><b>food and non-food items to India&#8217;s poor at subsidised rates.\u00a0<\/b><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><b>National Food Security Act (NFSA), 2013:<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> The \u201c<\/span><b>Right to Food\u201d approach of the FAO encouraged the then government to pass the National Food Security Act (NFSA) in 2013.<\/b>\n<ul>\n<li><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">The National Food Security Act (NFSA) shifted the approach of Food Security from <\/span><b>Welfare to Rights Based Approach.<\/b><\/li>\n<li><b>Coverage:<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> NFSA covers<\/span><b> 75% of the rural population<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> and <\/span><b>50% of the urban population under:<\/b>\n<ul>\n<li><b>Antyodaya Anna Yojana:<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> It constitutes the <\/span><b>poorest-of-the-poor,<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> who are entitled to receive<\/span><b> 35 kg of foodgrains per household per month.<\/b><\/li>\n<li><b>Priority Households (PHH):<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> Households covered under PHH category are entitled to receive <\/span><b>5 kg of foodgrains per person per month.<\/b><\/li>\n<li><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Overall, NFSA caters to<\/span><b> 67%<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> of the<\/span><b> total population.<\/b><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<li><b>Head of Household for Ration Cards: <\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">The e<\/span><b>ldest woman in the household, aged 18 years or above<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">, is designated as the <\/span><b>head of the household f<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">or issuing ration cards.<\/span><\/li>\n<li><b>Special Provisions for Children: <\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">The act ensures that <\/span><b>children <\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">aged<\/span><b> 6 months to 14 years <\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">receive free nutritious meals through <\/span><b>Integrated Child Development Services (ICDS) centres<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">, commonly known as Anganwadi Centres.<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h2><span style=\"font-size: 18pt;\"><b>Concerns Associated with the Implementation of &#8220;Right To Free Food&#8221; in India<\/b><\/span><\/h2>\n<ul>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><b>Economic Concerns:\u00a0<\/b>\n<ul>\n<li><b>Economic Irrationality:<\/b> <b>Distributing free food to over 800 million people<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> is economically irrational, especially <\/span><b>when a significant portion of the population should ideally work to earn their food<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">.<\/span><\/li>\n<li><b>Budgetary Strain:<\/b> <b>Food subsidies are the largest in the Union budget<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">, which <\/span><b>diverts funds <\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">away from <\/span><b>more productive investments in\u00a0 agri-R&#038;D, precision agriculture, micro-nutrients, women\u2019s education and sanitation.<\/b>\n<ul>\n<li><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">These investments are almost 10 times more effective in ensuring the food and nutritional security of our people than free food and highly subsidised fertilisers and power.\u00a0<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<li><b>Corruption and Leakages:<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> According to <\/span><b>Indian Council for Research on International Economic Relations (ICRIER),<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> about <\/span><b>25-30% of food and fertiliser subsidies<\/b> <b>do not reach intended beneficiaries <\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">due to <\/span><b>inefficiencies and corruption.<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">\u00a0<\/span>\n<ul>\n<li><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Overall losses from leakages could be as high as 40-50%,<\/span><b> defeating the purpose of the \u201cRight to Food.\u201d<\/b><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<li><b>Social Concerns:<\/b>\n<ul>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"2\"><b>Dependency on Subsidies:<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> The &#8220;Right to Free Food&#8221; on such a large scale may create a <\/span><b>culture of dependency <\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">among the population, where<\/span><b> individuals rely on government provisions rather than seeking stable employment <\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">and income-generating opportunities.\u00a0<\/span>\n<ul>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"3\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">This undermines efforts towards self-sufficiency and <\/span><b>can perpetuate poverty cycles.<\/b><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"2\"><b>Targeting Inefficiencies: <\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">The National Food Security Act (NFSA) was initially intended to cover two-thirds of the population, which raises concerns about the <\/span><b>appropriateness of providing heavily subsidised food to such a large segment of society.<\/b><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"2\"><b>Questionable Rationale for Free Food Distribution: The NITI Aayog\u2019s Multidimensional Poverty Index <\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">claims that the<\/span><b> poverty rate has dropped from 29.13% in 2013-14 to 11.28% in 2022-23.<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">\u00a0<\/span>\n<ul>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"3\"><b>If poverty is decreasing<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">, there may be less need for such extensive food distribution,\u00a0 <\/span><b>emphasising that individuals should work to earn their basic food needs.<\/b><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<li><b>Political Factors: <\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Providing free food to a vast majority of the population is viewed as a <\/span><b>vote-catching tactic <\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">rather than a genuine effort to ensure food security.<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><span class=\"vc_button\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.pw.live\/batches\/upsc\/pw-only-ias?utm_source=seo+upsc+batch&#038;utm_medium=seo+upsc&#038;utm_campaign=seo&#038;utm_id=upsc\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Enroll now for UPSC Online Classes<\/a><\/span><\/p>\n<h2><span style=\"font-size: 18pt;\"><b>Solutions to Enhance the Effectiveness of the Right to Food in India<\/b><\/span><\/h2>\n<ul>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><b>Improved Targeting and Beneficiary Identification<\/b>\n<ul>\n<li><b>Dynamic Eligibility Criteria<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">: Update <\/span><b>poverty metrics regularly<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> to reflect changing socioeconomic conditions and ensure that the beneficiaries are accurately identified. Example: A total of 2.33 crore <\/span><b>ration cards have been deleted or cancelled <\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">for improving accuracy in beneficiary records.<\/span><\/li>\n<li><b>Use of Technology<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">: Implement <\/span><b>biometric identification<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> and <\/span><b>digital records<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> to <\/span><b>minimise inclusion <\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">and <\/span><b>exclusion errors<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> in beneficiary lists. Example: Integration of the Public Distribution System (PDS) and the Aadhaar system.<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><b>Addressing Corruption and Leakages: <\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Implement <\/span><b>strict penalties for corruption and mismanagement within the PDS to deter fraudulent activities.<\/b><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><b>Strengthening Infrastructure: <\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">There is a need to<\/span><b> invest in better storage infrastructure<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> to reduce food wastage and ensure that food grains remain fresh until they reach beneficiaries.<\/span>\n<ul>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"2\"><b>Enhance logistics and transportation systems <\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">to ensure timely delivery of food grains, especially in remote areas.<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><b>Digitisation of the Agri-Food System<\/b>\n<ul>\n<li><b>Digital Platforms<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">: Develop <\/span><b>digital platforms for better data management, real-time tracking of food distribution, and improving supply chain efficiency.<\/b><\/li>\n<li><b>Farm Management Tools<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">: Promote the<\/span><b> use of digital tools<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> for farmers to access information on <\/span><b>best practices, market prices, and weather forecasts<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">, enhancing productivity and income.<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<li><b>Rationalising Subsidies<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">: Reform the existing food and fertiliser subsidy regime to <\/span><b>make it more targeted and efficient<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">, ensuring that subsidies reach the most vulnerable populations.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><b>Investment in Productive Sectors<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">:<\/span><b> Redirect savings from subsidy reforms <\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">towards <\/span><b>investments in agricultural research, infrastructure, and sustainable farming practices<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> to enhance long-term food security.<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<div class=\"vc_table_green\"><\/p>\n<table style=\"width: 100.043%;\">\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"width: 130.811%; 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