{"id":139166,"date":"2024-10-22T19:46:40","date_gmt":"2024-10-22T14:16:40","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/pwonlyias.com\/stage\/?post_type=current-affairs&#038;p=139166"},"modified":"2024-10-23T12:14:04","modified_gmt":"2024-10-23T06:44:04","slug":"satellite-spectrum","status":"publish","type":"current-affairs","link":"https:\/\/pwonlyias.com\/stage\/current-affairs\/satellite-spectrum","title":{"rendered":"Satellite Spectrum"},"content":{"rendered":"<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Recently, the Telecom minister announced\u00a0 that satcom spectrum will be allocated administratively but will come at a cost.<\/span><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">As per the announcement, the cost of spectrum and the formula of allocation will be decided by the <\/span><b>Telecom Regulatory Authority of India (TRAI)<\/b><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Range of radio frequencies used by satellites to communicate with ground stations, other satellites, and various devices on Earth<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><span class=\"vc_button\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.pw.live\/batches\/upsc?utm_source=seo+upsc+batch&#038;utm_medium=seo+upsc&#038;utm_campaign=seo&#038;utm_id=upsc\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Enroll now for UPSC Online Course<\/a><\/span><\/p>\n<h2><span style=\"font-size: 18pt;\"><b>About Satellite Spectrum<\/b><\/span><\/h2>\n<ul>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Satellite spectrum refers to the<\/span><b> range of radio frequencies <\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">allocated for communication between satellites and Earth-based systems.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">These frequencies are part of the electromagnetic spectrum allocated for different satellite services, such as<\/span><b> communication, broadcasting, navigation, and Earth observation.<\/b><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><b>Regulation:<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> By international bodies like the<\/span><b> International Telecommunication Union (ITU)<\/b>\n<ul>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"2\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">ITU coordinates and allocates frequencies to prevent interference between different satellite systems and other forms of communication<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"aligncenter wp-image-139143\" src=\"https:\/\/pwonlyias.com\/stage\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/10\/229-6717ac200c4a9.webp\" alt=\"Satellite Spectrum\" width=\"751\" height=\"328\" srcset=\"https:\/\/pwonlyias.com\/stage\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/10\/229-6717ac200c4a9.webp 1262w, https:\/\/pwonlyias.com\/stage\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/10\/229-6717ac200c4a9-300x131.webp 300w, https:\/\/pwonlyias.com\/stage\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/10\/229-6717ac200c4a9-1024x447.webp 1024w, https:\/\/pwonlyias.com\/stage\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/10\/229-6717ac200c4a9-768x335.webp 768w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 751px) 100vw, 751px\" \/><\/p>\n<h2><span style=\"font-size: 18pt;\"><b>Satellite Frequency Bands<\/b><\/span><\/h2>\n<ul>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><b>L-band (1-2 GHz): <\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Used for GPS, mobile satellite services, and some communications.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><b>S-band (2-4 GHz): <\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Used for weather satellites, space research, and some mobile communications.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><b>C-band (4-8 GHz): <\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Commonly used for satellite TV broadcasting, especially in regions with heavy rain.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><b>X-band (8-12 GHz): <\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Primarily used for military communications and radar systems.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><b>Ku-band (12-18 GHz):<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> Used for satellite TV, internet, and VSAT (Very Small Aperture Terminal) services.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><b>Ka-band (26-40 GHz): <\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Used for high-speed data communication and newer satellite internet service<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h2><span style=\"font-size: 18pt;\"><b>About Radio Spectrum<\/b><\/span><\/h2>\n<p><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"aligncenter wp-image-139144\" src=\"https:\/\/pwonlyias.com\/stage\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/10\/2210-6717ac205dbba.webp\" alt=\"Satellite Spectrum\" width=\"750\" height=\"440\" srcset=\"https:\/\/pwonlyias.com\/stage\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/10\/2210-6717ac205dbba.webp 1268w, https:\/\/pwonlyias.com\/stage\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/10\/2210-6717ac205dbba-300x176.webp 300w, https:\/\/pwonlyias.com\/stage\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/10\/2210-6717ac205dbba-1024x600.webp 1024w, https:\/\/pwonlyias.com\/stage\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/10\/2210-6717ac205dbba-768x450.webp 768w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 750px) 100vw, 750px\" \/><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><span class=\"vc_button\"><a href=\"https:\/\/store.pw.live\/govt-entrance-exams\/upsc-books?utm_source=SEO&#038;utm_medium=PW+Live&#038;utm_campaign=UPSC+CSE+Books\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Check Out UPSC CSE Books From PW Store<\/span><\/a><\/span><\/p>\n<h2><span style=\"font-size: 18pt;\"><b>Auction Vs Administrative allocation<\/b><\/span><\/h2>\n<div class=\"vc_table_green\"><\/p>\n<table style=\"width: 99.7992%;\">\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"text-align: center; width: 16.9679%;\"><b>Criteria<\/b><\/td>\n<td style=\"text-align: center; width: 39.8594%;\"><b>Auctions<\/b><\/td>\n<td style=\"text-align: center; width: 42.7996%;\"><b>Administrative Allocation<\/b><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"width: 16.9679%;\"><b>Process<\/b><\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 39.8594%;\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Involves competitive bidding where <\/span><b>licenses are sold to the highest bidder.<\/b><\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 42.7996%;\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Government directly assigns<\/span><b> spectrum without bidding.<\/b><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"width: 16.9679%;\"><b>Revenue Generation<\/b><\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 39.8594%;\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Generates significant revenue for the government.<\/span><\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 42.7996%;\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Minimal revenue, often only covering administrative costs.<\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"width: 16.9679%;\"><b>Transparency<\/b><\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 39.8594%;\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">High transparency, as the allocation is based on <\/span><b>open, competitive bidding.<\/b><\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 42.7996%;\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Low transparency, as the process is <\/span><b>often less public and subject to discretion.<\/b><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"width: 16.9679%;\"><b>Market-driven<\/b><\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 39.8594%;\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Market-driven approach,<\/span><b> prices set by demand and supply in the auction.<\/b><\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 42.7996%;\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Not market-driven; spectrum is allocated based on <\/span><b>governmental priorities or needs.<\/b><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"width: 16.9679%;\"><b>Efficiency<\/b><\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 39.8594%;\"><b>Encourages efficient use of spectrum <\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">by awarding it to those who value it most.<\/span><\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 42.7996%;\"><b>May lead to less efficient use of spectrum,<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> as it\u2019s not always allocated to the highest-value users.<\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"width: 16.9679%;\"><b>Suitability<\/b><\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 39.8594%;\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Best suited for <\/span><b>commercial services <\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">like telecommunications, broadcasting, etc.<\/span><\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 42.7996%;\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Often used for<\/span><b> government services,<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> military, or specialized sectors.<\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"width: 16.9679%;\"><b>Flexibility<\/b><\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 39.8594%;\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Can lead to higher competition and innovation as bidders compete for spectrum.<\/span><\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 42.7996%;\"><b>Can be more rigid,<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> with allocations often set by policy or specific needs.<\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"width: 16.9679%;\"><b>Cost to Licensee<\/b><\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 39.8594%;\"><b>High costs,<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> as licenses are awarded to the highest bidder.<\/span><\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 42.7996%;\"><b>Lower costs,<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> as licenses are typically assigned for nominal or administrative fees.<\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"width: 16.9679%;\"><b>Allocation Speed<\/b><\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 39.8594%;\"><b>Slower process,<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> as auctions involve planning and execution.<\/span><\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 42.7996%;\"><b>Faster process,<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> as it\u2019s administratively managed by the government.<\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<p><\/div>\n<div class=\"vc_table_green\"><\/p>\n<table style=\"width: 100.043%;\">\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"width: 130.811%; text-align: center; border-style: solid; border-color: #000000;\" 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cost.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":11,"featured_media":0,"menu_order":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"rank_math_lock_modified_date":false,"footnotes":""},"tags":[],"paper-wise":[2089],"subject":[2092],"acf":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/pwonlyias.com\/stage\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/current-affairs\/139166"}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/pwonlyias.com\/stage\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/current-affairs"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/pwonlyias.com\/stage\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/current-affairs"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/pwonlyias.com\/stage\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/11"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/pwonlyias.com\/stage\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=139166"}],"version-history":[{"count":4,"href":"https:\/\/pwonlyias.com\/stage\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/current-affairs\/139166\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":139266,"href":"https:\/\/pwonlyias.com\/stage\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/current-affairs\/139166\/revisions\/139266"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/pwonlyias.com\/stage\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=139166"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/pwonlyias.com\/stage\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=139166"},{"taxonomy":"paper-wise","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/pwonlyias.com\/stage\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/paper-wise?post=139166"},{"taxonomy":"subject","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/pwonlyias.com\/stage\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/subject?post=139166"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}