{"id":139184,"date":"2024-10-22T20:10:59","date_gmt":"2024-10-22T14:40:59","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/pwonlyias.com\/stage\/?post_type=current-affairs&#038;p=139184"},"modified":"2024-10-24T09:46:11","modified_gmt":"2024-10-24T04:16:11","slug":"india-china-deal-on-easing-lac-tensions","status":"publish","type":"current-affairs","link":"https:\/\/pwonlyias.com\/stage\/current-affairs\/india-china-deal-on-easing-lac-tensions","title":{"rendered":"India, China Reach Deal on Easing LAC Tensions"},"content":{"rendered":"<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">India and China have reached an agreement on the <\/span><b>\u201cpatrolling arrangements\u201d<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> and the resolution of the military stand-off at the Line of Actual Control (LAC), the government announced recently.<\/span><\/p>\n<h2><span style=\"font-size: 18pt;\"><b>Outcomes of the Agreement<\/b><\/span><\/h2>\n<ul>\n<li><b>Resolution of 2020 issues:<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> The agreement aims to resolve the issues that arose in 2020 and reduce military presence.\u00a0<\/span><\/li>\n<li><b>Restoration of peace and tranquility:<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> The agreement is intended to restore the peace and tranquility that existed before 2020.\u00a0<\/span>\n<ul>\n<li><b>Monthly Meetings:<\/b> <b>Commanding officers and military commander<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">s from both sides will meet monthly and on a case-to-case basis to manage tensions and maintain<\/span><b> open communication<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">.<\/span><\/li>\n<li><b>Troop Reduction: <\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">While patrolling will resume, both sides plan to <\/span><b>gradually reduce the overall troop presence <\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">along the LAC, aligning with India&#8217;s winter strategy for Ladakh.<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<li><b>Patrolling in previously blocked areas:<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> Both sides have agreed to resume patrolling as it was before the 2020 stand-off.\u00a0<\/span>\n<ul>\n<li><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"wp-image-139135 alignright\" src=\"https:\/\/pwonlyias.com\/stage\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/10\/221-6717ac289acbd.webp\" alt=\"LAC Tensions\" width=\"397\" height=\"319\" srcset=\"https:\/\/pwonlyias.com\/stage\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/10\/221-6717ac289acbd.webp 667w, https:\/\/pwonlyias.com\/stage\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/10\/221-6717ac289acbd-300x241.webp 300w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 397px) 100vw, 397px\" \/><b>Depsang Plains:<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> Indian troops will regain patrolling rights up to <\/span><b>Patrolling Points (PP) 10 to 13,<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> which were blocked by Chinese forces.\u00a0<\/span><\/li>\n<li><b>Demchok (Charding Nullah):<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> Patrolling in this disputed area will also be restored as per the old patrolling norms along the Line of Actual Control (LAC).<\/span><\/li>\n<li><b>Patrolling Frequency and Coordination:<\/b>\n<ul>\n<li><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Patrolling will occur twice a month, with<\/span><b> at least 14-15 troops per patro<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">l to avoid clashes.<\/span><\/li>\n<li><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Both sides will <\/span><b>exchange patrol schedules to avoid overlapping<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">, and patrols will be coordinated to prevent face-offs.<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<li><b>Shift in status quo: <\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">The agreement marks a shift in the status quo, particularly regarding the<\/span><b> &#8220;Y junction&#8221; in the Depsang Plains<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">.\u00a0<\/span><\/li>\n<li><b>No Clarity on Troop Withdrawal<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">: Although patrolling will resume, there has been<\/span><b> no progress on de-escalation<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">, i.e., withdrawing the thousands of troops stationed in eastern Ladakh.<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><span class=\"vc_button\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.pw.live\/batches\/upsc?utm_source=seo+upsc+batch&#038;utm_medium=seo+upsc&#038;utm_campaign=seo&#038;utm_id=upsc\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Enroll now for UPSC Online Course<\/a><\/span><\/p>\n<div class=\"vc_table_green\"><\/p>\n<table style=\"width: 99.7993%;\">\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<th style=\"width: 100%; border-style: solid; border-color: #000000; background-color: rgba(184, 165, 217, 0.53); text-align: left; vertical-align: middle;\">\n<h3><span style=\"font-size: 16pt; color: #000000;\"><b>Strategic Importance of Depsang and Demchok<\/b><\/span><\/h3>\n<ul>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"color: #000000;\"><b>Location:<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> Depsang Plains are located<\/span><b> 30 km southeast of Daulat Beg Oldie<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">, a key military post <\/span><b>near the Karakoram Pass<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">.<\/span><\/span>\n<ul>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"2\"><span style=\"color: #000000;\"><b>Flat Terrain: <\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">The plains offer flat terrain, crucial for launching<\/span><b> potential military offensives<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">, making <\/span><b>control over the area highly strategic<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> for both India and China.<\/span><\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"color: #000000;\"><b>Charding Nullah:<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> The disputed area <\/span><b>in Demcho<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">k, where Chinese incursions occurred in <\/span><b>2020<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">, holds importance for <\/span><b>India&#8217;s border security<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">, and the agreement to resume <\/span><b>patrolling restores<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> India&#8217;s access to the region.<\/span><\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h3><span style=\"font-size: 16pt; color: #000000;\"><b>Y-junction<\/b><\/span><\/h3>\n<ul>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"color: #000000;\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">The Y-junction is a<\/span><b> point in the Depsang Plains <\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">where a <\/span><b>branch valley splits off to the southeast<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">, allowing<\/span><b> Indian patrols<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> to reach other points on the<\/span><b> Line of Actual Control (LAC).<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">\u00a0<\/span><\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"color: #000000;\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">It&#8217;s also known as the<\/span><b> bottleneck, a rocky outcrop<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> that&#8217;s about<\/span><b> 7 kilometres east of Burtse<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">, where the Indian Army has a base.\u00a0<\/span><\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"color: #000000;\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">The Y-junction is a strategic area that&#8217;s <\/span><b>close to the Daulat Beg Oldie (DBO) airstrip.\u00a0<\/b><\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h3><span style=\"font-size: 16pt; color: #000000;\"><b>Pangong Lake<\/b><\/span><\/h3>\n<ul>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"color: #000000;\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Lake is divided between <\/span><b>Tibet (50% under Chinese control), Ladakh (40% Indian control), and 10% disputed.<\/b><\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400; color: #000000;\">Frequent military standoffs occur due to discrepancies in LAC perceptions.<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h3><span style=\"font-size: 16pt; color: #000000;\"><b>Hot Springs (Near Gogra Post)<\/b><\/span><\/h3>\n<ul>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"color: #000000;\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Strategically significant for India due to its <\/span><b>vantage point over LAC and surveillance of Aksai Chin.<\/b><\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"color: #000000;\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Helps India maintain a <\/span><b>strong defence posture<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">.<\/span><\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h3><span style=\"font-size: 16pt; color: #000000;\"><b>Galwan valley<\/b><\/span><\/h3>\n<ul>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"color: #000000;\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Narrow valley in the <\/span><b>Karakoram mountains<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> that&#8217;s located along the <\/span><b>western sector of the Line of Actual Control (LAC)<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> between China and India.\u00a0<\/span><\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"color: #000000;\"><b>Close to Aksai Chin<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">, a disputed area that China controls but India claims.<\/span><\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/th>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<p><\/div>\n<h2><span style=\"font-size: 18pt;\"><b>Significance of the Agreement<\/b><\/span><\/h2>\n<ul>\n<li><b>De-escalation: <\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Signals a move towards <\/span><b>reducing military presence<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> along the Line of Actual Control (LAC). Restores pre-2020 patrolling norms, <\/span><b>lowering the risk of skirmishes and escalations<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">.<\/span><\/li>\n<li><b>Stabilisation: <\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Helps <\/span><b>stabilise the situation at friction points<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> like Depsang Plains and Demchok.<\/span>\n<ul>\n<li><b>Reduces confrontations<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> and fosters a conducive environment for broader negotiations on boundary issues.<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<li><b>Confidence-building Measure: <\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Restoring patrolling to pre-2020 levels indicates <\/span><b>mutual willingness to return to a previously accepted status quo.<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> Opens up pathways for further dialogue and trust-building.<\/span><\/li>\n<li><b>Political Implications: <\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Could facilitate <\/span><b>higher-level diplomatic engagements<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> and improve bilateral relations outside the military domain.<\/span>\n<ul>\n<li><b>For India<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">, it offers <\/span><b>better management of border infrastructure<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> without the immediate threat of conflict.<\/span><\/li>\n<li><b>For China<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">, <\/span><b>stabilising the borde<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">r could reflect a strategic shift amidst other<\/span><b> global tensions.<\/b><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<li aria-level=\"1\"><b>Diplomatic Signals<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">: The agreement was announced <\/span><b>ahead of the BRICS summit<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> in Russia, <\/span><b>signalling a thaw in relations <\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">and the possibility of a <\/span><b>meeting between Prime Minister Modi and President Xi Jinping.<\/b><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h2><span style=\"font-size: 18pt;\"><b>Background of the Disputes and Stand-off<\/b><\/span><\/h2>\n<p><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"wp-image-139136 alignright\" src=\"https:\/\/pwonlyias.com\/stage\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/10\/222-6717ac2886467.webp\" alt=\"LAC Tensions\" width=\"402\" height=\"301\" srcset=\"https:\/\/pwonlyias.com\/stage\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/10\/222-6717ac2886467.webp 770w, https:\/\/pwonlyias.com\/stage\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/10\/222-6717ac2886467-300x225.webp 300w, https:\/\/pwonlyias.com\/stage\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/10\/222-6717ac2886467-768x576.webp 768w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 402px) 100vw, 402px\" \/><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><b>Border Dispute:<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> India\u2019s border dispute with China is the most complex and longstanding one, involving an<\/span><b> ill-defined, 3,488 km-long Border.<\/b>\n<ul>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"2\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">The dispute stems from the <\/span><b>legacy of British colonialism and the 1962 Sino-Indian War.<\/b><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><b>Standoffs:<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> The two countries have had several clashes and stand-offs along the LAC, most notably in <\/span><b>1967, 1987, 2013, 2017 and 2020-2021<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">.<\/span>\n<ul>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"2\"><b>Doklam:<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> Chinese Incursion in the Doklam area in <\/span><b>Sikkim in 2017<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> again ignited the border standoff between the countries. The latest conflict in the<\/span><b> Galwan Valley in June 2020<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> was the first fatal confrontation between the two sides<\/span><b> since 1975, killing at least 20 Indian<\/b> <b>soldiers<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">.<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<div class=\"vc_table_green\"><\/p>\n<table style=\"width: 99.7992%;\">\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"width: 100%;\">\n<h3><span style=\"font-size: 16pt;\"><b>About Doklam (Sikkim)<\/b><\/span><\/h3>\n<ul>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">It is a disputed area between <\/span><b>China and Bhutan,<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> and is located at the <\/span><b>tri-junction<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> of the three countries: <\/span><b>India, China and Bhutan.<\/b><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Doklam is a strategically important area because it&#8217;s <\/span><b>close to the Siliguri Corridor, <\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">which connects mainland India to its northeast region.<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"aligncenter  wp-image-139383\" src=\"https:\/\/pwonlyias.com\/stage\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/10\/unnamed-2024-10-23t164121795-6718f180635bc.webp\" alt=\"LAC\" width=\"602\" height=\"381\" srcset=\"https:\/\/pwonlyias.com\/stage\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/10\/unnamed-2024-10-23t164121795-6718f180635bc.webp 717w, https:\/\/pwonlyias.com\/stage\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/10\/unnamed-2024-10-23t164121795-6718f180635bc-300x190.webp 300w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 602px) 100vw, 602px\" \/><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<p><\/div>\n<ul>\n<li style=\"list-style-type: none;\">\n<ul>\n<li><b>2020 Stand-off<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">: The India<\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">-China military stand-off in eastern Ladakh began in April 2020.\u00a0<\/span>\n<ul>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"3\"><b>Friction points<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> included Demchok, Depsang, Galwan, Pangong Tso, Gogra, and Hot Springs.<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<li><b>Key Disputed Areas:<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> The India China Border is divided into<\/span><b> 3 sectors,<\/b>\n<ul>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"2\"><b>The Western Sector: <\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">It spans across Ladakh and the Chinese-held Aksai Chin and is a <\/span><b>1,597 km-long LAC<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">.\u00a0<\/span>\n<ul>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"3\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">The patrolling is done till 65 earmarked Patrol Points (PPs) stretching from Karakoram to Chumur.<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"2\"><b>The Central Sector:<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> It Spans across\u00a0 <\/span><b>Himachal Pradesh and Uttarakhand with length 545 Km<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> and is the least contentious area between the 2 countries but consists of\u00a0 certain flashpoints like <\/span><b>Tashigang-Shipki La<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> in Himachal, <\/span><b>Sang-Nelang-Pulam Sumda<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> and<\/span><b> Barahoti<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> in Uttarakhand.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"2\"><b>The Eastern Sector:<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> It comprises sites such as Namkha Chu, Sumdorong Chu, Fish Tail 1 and <\/span><b>Dibang valley <\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">in<\/span><b> Sikkim and Arunachal Pradesh<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> with <\/span><b>length 1346 Kms.<\/b>\n<ul>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"3\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Although China claims the entire <\/span><b>Arunachal Pradesh<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> Territory as its <\/span><b>integral part.<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">\u00a0<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><span class=\"vc_button\"><a href=\"https:\/\/store.pw.live\/govt-entrance-exams\/upsc-books?utm_source=SEO&#038;utm_medium=PW+Live&#038;utm_campaign=UPSC+CSE+Books\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Check Out UPSC CSE Books From PW Store<\/span><\/a><\/span><\/p>\n<h3><span style=\"font-size: 16pt;\"><b>Reasons for the India-China Border Dispute<\/b><\/span><\/h3>\n<ul>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><b>Ambiguity in the Definition of the LAC<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">: India and China have differing perceptions of the Line of Actual Control (LAC), leading to frequent confrontations.<\/span>\n<ul>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"2\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">In the 2020 stand-off, China moved into areas in eastern Ladakh, including the <\/span><b>Galwan Valley<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> and <\/span><b>Pangong Tso<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">, where the LAC is disputed.<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><b>Historical Legacy of the 1962 Sino-Indian War<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">: The unresolved border disputes from the 1962 war over territories like Aksai Chin and Arunachal Pradesh remain a source of tension.<\/span>\n<ul>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"2\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">China controls <\/span><b>Aksai Chin<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> (claimed by India as part of Ladakh), while India controls <\/span><b>Arunachal Pradesh<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">, which China claims as \u201cSouth Tibet.\u201d<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><b>Infrastructure Development by India<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">: India&#8217;s rapid development of infrastructure, including roads, airstrips, and bridges, in border areas has alarmed China.<\/span>\n<ul>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"2\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">The completion of the <\/span><b>Darbuk-Shyok-Daulat Beg Oldie (DSDBO) Road<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> increased India\u2019s access to the sensitive LAC region, prompting Chinese aggression in <\/span><b>Depsang Plains<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">.<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><b>Strategic Importance of Border Areas<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">: Both countries view key regions near the LAC as strategically vital, creating territorial competition.<\/span>\n<ul>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"2\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">The <\/span><b>Depsang Plains<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> near Daulat Beg Oldie is of strategic importance due to its proximity to the <\/span><b>Karakoram Pass<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">, a potential military launch point.<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><b>China\u2019s &#8220;Salami-Slicing&#8221; Tactics<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">: China\u2019s gradual territorial encroachments in disputed areas seek to shift the status quo without provoking outright conflict.<\/span>\n<ul>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"2\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">In 2020, Chinese troops advanced in <\/span><b>Pangong Tso Lake<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">, altering the ground situation by occupying previously uncontested Finger areas (Finger 4 to Finger 8).<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><b>Differing Border Claims and Maps<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">: The two sides rely on different historical maps and agreements, creating conflicting territorial claims.<\/span>\n<ul>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"2\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">China uses its interpretation of historical maps to justify its claim over <\/span><b>Arunachal Pradesh<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> and <\/span><b>Aksai Chin<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">.<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><b>Strategic Rivalry and Geopolitical Tensions<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">: The broader geopolitical rivalry between China and India, especially with India&#8217;s <\/span><b>growing ties to the U.S.<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> and participation in alliances like the Quad, intensifies border tensions.<\/span>\n<ul>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"2\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">China\u2019s <\/span><b>2020 aggression in Ladakh<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> coincided with increasing Indian engagement with the <\/span><b>Quad<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> (India, U.S., Japan, Australia), seen as a challenge to China\u2019s dominance in the Indo-Pacific.<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><b>Internal Security Concerns for China<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">: China wants to secure its borders in Tibet and Xinjiang to prevent unrest or external influence.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><b>Legacy of Unresolved Agreements<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">: The <\/span><b>1993 and 1996 border agreements<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> aimed at maintaining peace have <\/span><b>not been able to resolve<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> the fundamental disputes, leading to periodic confrontations.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><b>Buffer Zones and Military Presence<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">: The establishment of buffer zones in <\/span><b>disengaged areas<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> has led to disagreements over patrolling and access rights.<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"aligncenter wp-image-139137\" src=\"https:\/\/pwonlyias.com\/stage\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/10\/223-6717ac26adf81.webp\" alt=\"LAC Tensions\" width=\"700\" height=\"396\" srcset=\"https:\/\/pwonlyias.com\/stage\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/10\/223-6717ac26adf81.webp 946w, https:\/\/pwonlyias.com\/stage\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/10\/223-6717ac26adf81-300x170.webp 300w, https:\/\/pwonlyias.com\/stage\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/10\/223-6717ac26adf81-768x434.webp 768w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 700px) 100vw, 700px\" \/><\/p>\n<h3><span style=\"font-size: 16pt;\"><b>Earlier Efforts to Resolve the India-China Dispute<\/b><\/span><\/h3>\n<ul>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><b>Shimla Agreement (1914)<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">: A convention held to <\/span><b>demarcate the boundary between Tibet and North-East India<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">. Signed by <\/span><b>British India and Tibet<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">, but <\/span><b>China refused <\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">to accept it.<\/span>\n<ul>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"2\"><b>India recognizes<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> the agreement and the McMahon Line, but China rejects both.<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><b>Panchsheel Agreement (1954)<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">: Established the<\/span><b> principles of peaceful coexistence<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">, including respecting <\/span><b>sovereignty and territorial integrity.<\/b>\n<ul>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"2\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Initially <\/span><b>accepted by China,<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> but the agreement&#8217;s spirit was <\/span><b>violated during the Sino-Indian War of 1962<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">.<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><b>Agreement on the Maintenance of Peace and Tranquility (1993)<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">: Aimed at <\/span><b>recognizing the Line of Actual Control (LAC)<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> and renouncing the use of force.\u00a0<\/span>\n<ul>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"2\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Provided a<\/span><b> framework for negotiations to resolve border issues<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">. Despite this, tensions along the LAC continued.<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><b>Agreement on Confidence Building Measures (1996)<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">: Focused on <\/span><b>non-aggression, communication<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">, and notification of <\/span><b>troop movements<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> near the border.<\/span>\n<ul>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"2\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Both countries <\/span><b>agreed to exchange maps<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> to resolve LAC disagreements and prevent accidental military escalations.<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><b>Border Defence Cooperation Agreement (BDCA, 2013)<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">: Signed after the <\/span><b>Depsang Valley incident<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">, it aimed to <\/span><b>prevent such face-offs<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> in the future.\u00a0 Focused on enhancing mutual understanding and managing border-related issues.<\/span>\n<ul>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"2\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Despite this, incidents and<\/span><b> tensions along the border have continued<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">, but the BDCA remains crucial for maintaining dialogue.<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h3><span style=\"font-size: 16pt;\"><b>Challenges Associated with India China Relations<\/b><\/span><\/h3>\n<p><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"wp-image-139138 alignright\" src=\"https:\/\/pwonlyias.com\/stage\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/10\/224-6717ac2682256.webp\" alt=\"LAC Tensions\" width=\"404\" height=\"300\" srcset=\"https:\/\/pwonlyias.com\/stage\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/10\/224-6717ac2682256.webp 696w, https:\/\/pwonlyias.com\/stage\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/10\/224-6717ac2682256-300x223.webp 300w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 404px) 100vw, 404px\" \/><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><b>Five Finger Policy<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">: China views Tibet as its <\/span><b>&#8220;palm,&#8221; with Ladakh, Nepal, Sikkim, Bhutan, and Arunachal Pradesh<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> as its <\/span><b>&#8220;fingers,<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">&#8221; claiming influence over these regions.<\/span>\n<ul>\n<li><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Both nations maintain large troop deployments along the<\/span><b> 3,488 km-long<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> Border, especially in eastern Ladakh.<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><b>Salami Slicing Strategy<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">: China uses<\/span><b> incremental territorial advancements<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">, building infrastructure like roads and villages along the border to <\/span><b>gradually change the status quo.<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> Example: Construction of <\/span><b>628 dual-use villages<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> along the India-Tibet border.<\/span><\/li>\n<li><b>Belt and Road Initiative (BRI)<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">: India opposes China\u2019s BRI, particularly the <\/span><b>China-Pakistan Economic Corridor (CPEC)<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">, which passes through Pakistan-occupied Kashmir, violating India&#8217;s territorial integrity.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><b>Aggressive Neighborhood Policies<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">: China&#8217;s <\/span><b>&#8220;String of Pearls&#8221;<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> strategy includes building ports and naval facilities to encircle and exert influence over India\u2019s maritime routes. Ex: The <\/span><b>Hambantota port in Sri Lanka.<\/b><\/li>\n<li><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"wp-image-139139 alignright\" src=\"https:\/\/pwonlyias.com\/stage\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/10\/225-6717ac23df2b7.webp\" alt=\"LAC Tensions\" width=\"402\" height=\"378\" srcset=\"https:\/\/pwonlyias.com\/stage\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/10\/225-6717ac23df2b7.webp 677w, https:\/\/pwonlyias.com\/stage\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/10\/225-6717ac23df2b7-300x282.webp 300w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 402px) 100vw, 402px\" \/><b>Debt Trap Diplomacy<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">: China uses <\/span><b>loans to gain strategic control <\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">over nations, affecting India&#8217;s relationships in South Asia, like Maldives and Sri Lanka, which increases China&#8217;s influence and undermines India&#8217;s &#8220;Neighborhood First&#8221; policy.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><b>India\u2019s Import Dependency<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">: India has a large trade deficit with China, with <\/span><b>imports totaling USD 83.2 billion in 2022-23<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">, heavily reliant on China for essential goods like pharmaceutical raw materials (KSM).<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><b>Water Dispute<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">: No treaty governs the sharing of the <\/span><b>Brahmaputra River<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">, creating tension as China constructs dams upstream, which impacts India\u2019s water resources.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><b>South China Sea (SCS) Conflict<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">: China\u2019s aggressive claims in the South China Sea, through the <\/span><b>&#8220;Nine-Dash Line&#8221; and militarization of artificial islands<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">, create tensions with India&#8217;s maritime interests, especially in Vietnam&#8217;s invitation to India for oil and gas exploration.\u00a0<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><span class=\"vc_button\"><a href=\"https:\/\/store.pw.live\/govt-entrance-exams\/upsc-books\/upsc-textbooks?utm_source=SEO&#038;utm_medium=PW+Live&#038;utm_campaign=UPSC+Textbooks\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Check Out UPSC NCERT Textbooks From PW Store<\/span><\/a><\/span><\/p>\n<div class=\"vc_table_green\"><\/p>\n<table style=\"width: 99.6978%;\">\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"width: 100%;\">\n<h3><span style=\"font-size: 16pt;\"><b>Indian Efforts to Counter Chinese Influence<\/b><\/span><\/h3>\n<ul>\n<li><b>Strategic Global Alliances<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">: India actively collaborates with <\/span><b>like-minded nations to collectively address China&#8217;s growing influence<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> in the Indian Ocean Region.<\/span>\n<ul>\n<li><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Initiatives such as the<\/span><b> QUAD and I2U2<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> focus on securing maritime routes and bolstering <\/span><b>India&#8217;s geo political stance<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">.<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<li><b>QUAD:\u00a0<\/b>\n<ul>\n<li><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Established in 2007, re-established in<\/span><b> 2017.<\/b><\/li>\n<li><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Members:<\/span><b> United States, Japan, Australia, and India.<\/b><\/li>\n<li><b>Aim: <\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">To keep the strategic sea routes in the Indo-Pacific free of any military or political influence. It is basically seen as a strategic grouping to reduce Chinese domination.<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<li><b>I2U2 (India, Israel, the UAE, and the US):<\/b>\n<ul>\n<li><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">I2U2 is also referred to as the<\/span><b> \u2018West Asian Quad\u2019.<\/b><\/li>\n<li><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Aims: To discuss <\/span><b>\u201ccommon areas of mutual interest<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">, to strengthen the economic partnership in trade and investment in respective regions and beyond\u201d.<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<li aria-level=\"1\"><b>INSTC (International North South Trade Corridor)<\/b>\n<ul>\n<li><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">INSTC was initiated in<\/span><b> 2000 by Russia, India and Iran<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">.<\/span><\/li>\n<li><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">It is a <\/span><b>multi-modal transportation route<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> linking the Indian Ocean and the <\/span><b>Persian Gulf to the Caspian Sea via Iran,<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> and onward to northern Europe via <\/span><b>St Petersburg in Russia.<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">\u00a0<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<li><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"wp-image-139140 alignright\" src=\"https:\/\/pwonlyias.com\/stage\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/10\/226-6717ac23bd25a.webp\" alt=\"LAC Tensions\" width=\"404\" height=\"303\" srcset=\"https:\/\/pwonlyias.com\/stage\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/10\/226-6717ac23bd25a.webp 653w, https:\/\/pwonlyias.com\/stage\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/10\/226-6717ac23bd25a-300x225.webp 300w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 404px) 100vw, 404px\" \/><b>IMEC (India Middle East Europe Economic Corridor):\u00a0<\/b><\/li>\n<li style=\"list-style-type: none;\">\n<ul>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"2\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">IMEC Corridor offers <\/span><b>multi-modal connectivity from India to Europe<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">, potentially reducing transit time and costs.<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><b>Necklace of Diamonds Strategy<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">: India\u2019s <\/span><b>response to China\u2019s &#8220;String of Pearls&#8221;<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> involves strengthening naval bases, building military alliances, and enhancing its maritime presence to secure the Indo-Pacific and Indian Ocean regions.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><b>Enhanced Border Infrastructure<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">: India has accelerated border infrastructure development to solidify its defence along the India-China border.\u00a0<\/span>\n<ul>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"2\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">The <\/span><b>Border Roads Organisation (BRO)<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> completed <\/span><b>90 key projects<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">, particularly in regions like Arunachal Pradesh, Ladakh, and Jammu &#038; Kashmir, improving strategic connectivity.<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><b>Strengthening Ties with Neighbors<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">: India focuses on fostering strong regional partnerships to counter China&#8217;s influence in South Asia.\u00a0<\/span>\n<ul>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"2\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Recent collaborations with <\/span><b>Bhutan (Gelephu mindfulness city) and Nepal (power agreements and cross-border energy projects)<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> highlight India&#8217;s efforts to ensure regional stability.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"2\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">India and Nepal have agreed to <\/span><b>export 10,000 MW of power <\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">over the next decade, alongside inaugurating new<\/span><b> cross-border transmission lines,<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> furthering regional collaboration.<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<p><\/div>\n<h2><span style=\"font-size: 18pt;\"><b>Way Forward to India-China Relations<\/b><\/span><\/h2>\n<ul>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><b>Border Disputes Resolution<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">: Establish <\/span><b>additional buffer zones <\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">in contested areas, building on existing border protocols, particularly the ban on firearms.<\/span>\n<ul>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"2\"><b>Regular high-level dialogue and mutual agreement<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> on military deployments near the border, focusing on <\/span><b>&#8220;mutual and equal security.<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">&#8220;<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><b>Economic Cooperation<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">: Address trade imbalance by<\/span><b> diversifying imports<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> and facilitating alternate global supply chains. Explore a <\/span><b>Free Trade Agreement (FTA) <\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">to enhance India&#8217;s exports to China.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><b>Conflict Prevention and Crisis Management<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">: Strengthen military deterrence in the mountains and Indian Ocean, countering <\/span><b>Chinese gray zone threats<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">.\u00a0<\/span>\n<ul>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"2\"><b>Deploy ITBP,<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> bolster border security with <\/span><b>Rafale jets<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">, and conduct joint military exercises.<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><b>Cultural Diplomacy<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">: Promote <\/span><b>people-to-people exchanges<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> through student programs, cultural festivals, and joint research projects.Initiate <\/span><b>language exchange programs<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> to build trust between citizens of both nations.<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<div class=\"vc_table_green\"><\/p>\n<table style=\"width: 99.7992%;\">\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<th style=\"width: 100%; border-style: solid; border-color: #000000; background-color: rgba(184, 165, 217, 0.53); text-align: left; vertical-align: middle;\">\n<ul>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"color: #000000;\"><b>Track One diplomacy <\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">refers to <\/span><b>formal negotiations between nations<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> conducted by professional diplomats.\u00a0<\/span><\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"color: #000000;\"><b>Track Two diplomacy<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> refers to conflict <\/span><b>resolution efforts by professional non-governmenta<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">l conflict resolution practitioners.<\/span><\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/th>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<p><\/div>\n<ul>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><b>Track Diplomacy<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">: Encourage <\/span><b>Track Two diplomacy<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> through non-governmental initiatives to foster dialogue and build a<\/span><b> &#8220;trust society.&#8221;<\/b><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><b>Vibrant Villages Programme<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">: Implement the development of villages<\/span><b> in bordering states <\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">(Ladakh, Himachal Pradesh, Uttarakhand, Sikkim, Arunachal Pradesh) to improve connectivity and security.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><b>Replicating ANC Model<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">: Expand the<\/span><b> Andaman and Nicobar Command\u2019s (ANC)<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> integrated approach to other regions, contributing to <\/span><b>Indo-Pacific security<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> in response to China&#8217;s rising influence.<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><span class=\"vc_button\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.pw.live\/batches\/upsc\/pw-only-ias?utm_source=seo+upsc+batch&#038;utm_medium=seo+upsc&#038;utm_campaign=seo&#038;utm_id=upsc\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Enroll now for UPSC Online Classes<\/a><\/span><\/p>\n<h2><span style=\"font-size: 18pt;\"><b>Conclusion<\/b><\/span><\/h2>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">The recent agreement between India and China marks a significant breakthrough in resolving the military stand-off along the LAC, particularly in friction areas like Demchok and Depsang. Patrolling is set to resume as it was before 2020, although details on de-escalation and future steps are still being worked out.<\/span><\/p>\n<div class=\"vc_table_green\"><\/p>\n<table style=\"width: 100.043%;\">\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"width: 130.811%; text-align: center; border-style: solid; border-color: #000000;\" colspan=\"2\"><span style=\"font-size: 18pt;\"><b>Must Read<\/b><\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"width: 50.5357%; text-align: center; border-style: solid; border-color: #000000;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/pwonlyias.com\/stage\/editorial-analysis\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">UPSC Daily Editorials<\/span><\/a><\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 80.2753%; text-align: center; border-style: solid; border-color: #000000;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/pwonlyias.com\/stage\/daily-current-affairs\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">UPSC Daily Current Affairs<\/span><\/a><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"width: 50.5357%; text-align: center; border-style: solid; border-color: #000000;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/store.pw.live\/govt-entrance-exams\/upsc-books\/upsc-textbooks?utm_source=SEO&#038;utm_medium=PW+Live&#038;utm_campaign=UPSC+Textbooks\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Check Out UPSC NCERT Textbooks From PW Store<\/span><\/a><\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 80.2753%; text-align: center; border-style: solid; border-color: #000000;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/store.pw.live\/govt-entrance-exams\/upsc-books\/upsc-modules?utm_source=SEO&#038;utm_medium=PW+Live&#038;utm_campaign=UPSC+Modules\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Check Out UPSC Modules From PW Store<\/span><\/a><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">\u00a0<\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"width: 50.5357%; text-align: center; border-style: solid; border-color: #000000;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/store.pw.live\/govt-entrance-exams\/upsc-books\/upsc-previous-year-papers?utm_source=SEO&#038;utm_medium=PW+Live&#038;utm_campaign=UPSC+Previous+Year+Papers\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Check Out Previous Years Papers From PW Store<\/span><\/a><\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 80.2753%; text-align: center; border-style: solid; border-color: #000000;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/pwonlyias.com\/stage\/upsc-test-series-courses\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">UPSC Test Series 2024<\/span><\/a><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"width: 50.5357%; text-align: center; border-style: solid; border-color: #000000;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/pwonlyias.com\/stage\/quiz\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Daily Current Affairs Quiz<\/span><\/a><\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 80.2753%; text-align: center; border-style: solid; border-color: #000000;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/pwonlyias.com\/stage\/mains-answer-writing\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Daily Main Answer Writing<\/span><\/a><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"width: 130.811%; text-align: center; border-style: solid; border-color: #000000;\" colspan=\"2\"><a href=\"https:\/\/store.pw.live\/govt-entrance-exams\/upsc-books?utm_source=SEO&#038;utm_medium=PW+Live&#038;utm_campaign=UPSC+CSE+Books\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Check Out UPSC CSE Books From PW Store<\/span><\/a><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<p><\/div>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>India and Cina have reached an agreement on the \u201cpatrolling arrangements\u201d and the resolution of the military stand-off at the Line of Actual Control (LAC), the government announced recently.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":11,"featured_media":0,"menu_order":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"rank_math_lock_modified_date":false,"footnotes":""},"tags":[],"paper-wise":[2084],"subject":[2102],"acf":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/pwonlyias.com\/stage\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/current-affairs\/139184"}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/pwonlyias.com\/stage\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/current-affairs"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/pwonlyias.com\/stage\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/current-affairs"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/pwonlyias.com\/stage\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/11"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/pwonlyias.com\/stage\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=139184"}],"version-history":[{"count":7,"href":"https:\/\/pwonlyias.com\/stage\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/current-affairs\/139184\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":139583,"href":"https:\/\/pwonlyias.com\/stage\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/current-affairs\/139184\/revisions\/139583"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/pwonlyias.com\/stage\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=139184"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/pwonlyias.com\/stage\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=139184"},{"taxonomy":"paper-wise","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/pwonlyias.com\/stage\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/paper-wise?post=139184"},{"taxonomy":"subject","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/pwonlyias.com\/stage\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/subject?post=139184"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}