{"id":139394,"date":"2024-10-23T19:14:44","date_gmt":"2024-10-23T13:44:44","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/pwonlyias.com\/stage\/?post_type=current-affairs&#038;p=139394"},"modified":"2024-10-25T18:36:05","modified_gmt":"2024-10-25T13:06:05","slug":"news-in-shorts-23-october-2024","status":"publish","type":"current-affairs","link":"https:\/\/pwonlyias.com\/stage\/current-affairs\/news-in-shorts-23-october-2024","title":{"rendered":"News In Shorts: 23 October 2024"},"content":{"rendered":"<h2 style=\"text-align: center;\"><span style=\"font-size: 18pt;\"><b>Economic Freedom of the World Report<\/b><\/span><\/h2>\n<p><b>Context: <\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Recently, The<\/span><b> Fraser Institute<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> published the <\/span><b>Economic Freedom of the World 2024 <\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Annual Report\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<h3><span style=\"font-size: 16pt;\"><b>About the Report<\/b><\/span><\/h3>\n<p>\u00a0<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">The report\u00a0 <\/span><b>measures the degree <\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">to which<\/span><b> people in 165 jurisdictions<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> around the globe <\/span><b>are allowed to make their own economic choices.<\/b><\/li>\n<li><b>Cornerstones of Economic Freedom: <\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Personal choice, Voluntary exchange, Freedom to enter markets and compete, and Security of the person and Privately-owned property.\u00a0<\/span><\/li>\n<li><b>Ranking:<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> The <\/span><b>most-economically free jurisdictions <\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">were:<\/span>\n<ul>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"2\"><b>Hong Kong (1st)<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">,\u00a0<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"2\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Singapore (2nd), Switzerland (3rd), New Zealand (4th), the United States (5th), Denmark and Ireland (tied for 6th), Canada (8th), and Australia and Luxembourg (tied for 9th).<\/span><\/li>\n<li><b>India is ranked 84th.<\/b><\/li>\n<li><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">India is closely followed by Nepal in 86th place and Bhutan at 98th.<\/span><\/li>\n<li><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">China ranks 104th, while Sri Lanka is positioned at 123rd.\u00a0<\/span><\/li>\n<li><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Bangladesh occupies 127th, and Pakistan is ranked 134th<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><span class=\"vc_button\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.pw.live\/batches\/upsc?utm_source=seo+upsc+batch&#038;utm_medium=seo+upsc&#038;utm_campaign=seo&#038;utm_id=upsc\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Enroll now for UPSC Online Course<\/a><\/span><\/p>\n<h3><span style=\"font-size: 16pt;\"><b>About Fraser Institute<\/b><\/span><\/h3>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">It is a <\/span><b>non-partisan, independent think tank and research organisation based in Canada<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> that studies and promotes economic freedom, prosperity and human well-being worldwide.<\/span><\/p>\n<p>\u00a0<\/p>\n<h2 style=\"text-align: center;\"><span style=\"font-size: 18pt;\"><b>SPADEX<\/b><\/span><\/h2>\n<p><b>Context:<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> Ananth Technologies, a private aerospace company, successfully completed the satellite integration project for ISRO.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">This is the first time a private company has handled the complete assembly, integration and testing of satellites for ISRO.<\/span><\/p>\n<h3><span style=\"font-size: 16pt;\"><b>What is SPADEX?<\/b><\/span><\/h3>\n<ul>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">SPADEX (Space Docking Experiment) is a mission by ISRO to develop autonomous docking technology.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><b>Importance of Docking<\/b>\n<ul>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"2\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Docking is crucial for managing space stations and undertaking complex space projects.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"2\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Astronauts travelling to a space station depend on docking to connect their spacecraft safely.<\/span>\n<ul>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"3\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">It also enables the construction of larger space structures.<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">SPADEX is key to India&#8217;s long-term space exploration goals, including manned spaceflight and satellite maintenance.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><b>History of Docking<\/b>\n<ul>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"2\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">The Soviet Union achieved the first successful docking in space in 1967.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"2\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">The United States followed with the Apollo-Soyuz Test Project in 1975.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"2\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Docking technology has evolved significantly since then, becoming more automated and reliable.<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h3><span style=\"font-size: 16pt;\"><b>How Does SPADEX Work?<\/b><\/span><\/h3>\n<ul>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">The mission involves two vehicles\u2014<\/span><b>\u2018Chaser\u2019 and the \u2018Target\u2019<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">\u2014coming together and connecting in space.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">It will test how well the combined spacecraft maintains stability and control after docking.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">The two spacecraft will later separate to perform additional tasks.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><b>SPADEX Mission Details<\/b>\n<ul>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"2\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">ISRO has acquired two satellites, each weighing 400 kg, for the SPADEX mission.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"2\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">A single rocket will launch both satellites into space, placing them in slightly different orbits.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"2\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">The satellites will carefully align with each other to perform a \u2018space handshake\u2019 and connect.<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><b>Significance of SPADEX<\/b>\n<ul>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"2\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">SPADEX is unique because it focuses on developing indigenous, scalable, and cost-effective docking technology.<\/span><\/li>\n<li><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">It is crucial for India&#8217;s future space missions, including <\/span><b>Gaganyaan<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">, India&#8217;s first manned mission.<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>\u00a0<\/p>\n<h2 style=\"text-align: center;\"><span style=\"font-size: 18pt;\"><b>Brown Dwarf Stars<\/b><\/span><\/h2>\n<p><b>Context: <\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Recently, researchers took a closer look at the first brown dwarf discovered and found that it&#8217;s actually two brown dwarfs orbiting astonishingly close to each other while also circling a small star. The research papers were published in the Astrophysical Journal Letters.<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><span class=\"vc_button\"><a href=\"https:\/\/store.pw.live\/govt-entrance-exams\/upsc-books?utm_source=SEO&#038;utm_medium=PW+Live&#038;utm_campaign=UPSC+CSE+Books\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Check Out UPSC CSE Books From PW Store<\/span><\/a><\/span><\/p>\n<h3><span style=\"font-size: 16pt;\"><b>About Brown Dwarf<\/b><\/span><\/h3>\n<ul>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><b>Brown Dwarfs<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> are often referred to as<\/span><b> &#8220;failed stars&#8221;<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> because they are lighter than stars but heavier than gas giant planets.\u00a0<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">They share some<\/span><b> characteristics with star<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">s, but due to their<\/span><b> insufficient mass<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">, they <\/span><b>cannot sustain nuclear fusion in their core <\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">like regular stars.<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h3><span style=\"font-size: 16pt;\"><b>Key Characteristics of Brown Dwarfs<\/b><\/span><\/h3>\n<ul>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><b>Formation and Fusion<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">:<\/span>\n<ul>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"2\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Brown dwarfs form like stars but <\/span><b>do not reach the critical mass required to ignite nuclear fusion<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> of hydrogen at their core.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"2\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">They can, however, <\/span><b>fuse deuterium<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> (a heavy isotope of hydrogen) during their early stages,<\/span><b> unlike gas giant planets.<\/b><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"2\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Over time, this <\/span><b>fusion ceases<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> as the deuterium is depleted, and the brown dwarf cools and fades.<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><b>Definition<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">:<\/span>\n<ul>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"2\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Brown dwarfs are defined as <\/span><b>objects that can burn deuterium<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> but <\/span><b>not the most common form of hydrogen.<\/b><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"2\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">They have a<\/span><b> mass range<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> between the heaviest gas giant planets (like Jupiter) and the lightest stars, typically between <\/span><b>13 and 80 times the mass of Jupiter.<\/b><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><b>Atmosphere<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">:<\/span>\n<ul>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"2\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Brown dwarfs have <\/span><b>atmospheres with clouds, but unlike Earth\u2019s<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> water clouds, their clouds are composed of much hotter materials, like silicate particles or molten metals. These clouds can form at<\/span><b> extreme temperatures.<\/b><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><b>Energy Production<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">:<\/span>\n<ul>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"2\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">In the<\/span><b> first few million years,<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> both stars and brown dwarfs<\/span><b> produce energy by fusing deuterium<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">.\u00a0<\/span><\/li>\n<li><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">As brown dwarfs <\/span><b>lack sufficient mass for sustained fusion<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">, they eventually cool and dim over time, distinguishing them from stars.<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<div class=\"vc_table_green\"><\/p>\n<table style=\"width: 100.043%;\">\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"width: 130.811%; text-align: center; border-style: solid; border-color: #000000;\" colspan=\"2\"><span style=\"font-size: 18pt;\"><b>Must Read<\/b><\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"width: 50.5357%; text-align: center; border-style: solid; border-color: #000000;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/pwonlyias.com\/stage\/editorial-analysis\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">UPSC Daily Editorials<\/span><\/a><\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 80.2753%; text-align: center; border-style: solid; border-color: #000000;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/pwonlyias.com\/stage\/daily-current-affairs\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">UPSC Daily Current Affairs<\/span><\/a><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"width: 50.5357%; text-align: center; border-style: solid; border-color: #000000;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/store.pw.live\/govt-entrance-exams\/upsc-books\/upsc-textbooks?utm_source=SEO&#038;utm_medium=PW+Live&#038;utm_campaign=UPSC+Textbooks\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Check Out UPSC NCERT Textbooks From PW Store<\/span><\/a><\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 80.2753%; text-align: center; border-style: solid; border-color: #000000;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/store.pw.live\/govt-entrance-exams\/upsc-books\/upsc-modules?utm_source=SEO&#038;utm_medium=PW+Live&#038;utm_campaign=UPSC+Modules\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Check Out UPSC Modules From PW Store<\/span><\/a><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">\u00a0<\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"width: 50.5357%; text-align: center; border-style: solid; border-color: #000000;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/store.pw.live\/govt-entrance-exams\/upsc-books\/upsc-previous-year-papers?utm_source=SEO&#038;utm_medium=PW+Live&#038;utm_campaign=UPSC+Previous+Year+Papers\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Check Out Previous Years Papers From PW Store<\/span><\/a><\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 80.2753%; text-align: center; border-style: solid; border-color: #000000;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/pwonlyias.com\/stage\/upsc-test-series-courses\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">UPSC Test Series 2024<\/span><\/a><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"width: 50.5357%; text-align: center; border-style: solid; border-color: #000000;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/pwonlyias.com\/stage\/quiz\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Daily Current Affairs Quiz<\/span><\/a><\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 80.2753%; text-align: center; border-style: solid; border-color: #000000;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/pwonlyias.com\/stage\/mains-answer-writing\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Daily Main Answer Writing<\/span><\/a><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"width: 130.811%; text-align: center; border-style: solid; border-color: #000000;\" colspan=\"2\"><a href=\"https:\/\/store.pw.live\/govt-entrance-exams\/upsc-books?utm_source=SEO&#038;utm_medium=PW+Live&#038;utm_campaign=UPSC+CSE+Books\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Check Out UPSC CSE Books From PW Store<\/span><\/a><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<p><\/div>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Economic Freedom of the World Report Context: Recently, The Fraser Institute published the Economic Freedom of the World 2024 Annual Report\u00a0 About the Report \u00a0 The report\u00a0 measures the degree to which people in 165 jurisdictions around the globe are allowed to make their own economic choices. Cornerstones of Economic Freedom: Personal choice, Voluntary exchange,&hellip; <a class=\"more-link\" href=\"https:\/\/pwonlyias.com\/stage\/current-affairs\/news-in-shorts-23-october-2024\">Continue reading <span class=\"screen-reader-text\">News In Shorts: 23 October 2024<\/span><\/a><\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":11,"featured_media":139712,"menu_order":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"rank_math_lock_modified_date":false,"footnotes":""},"tags":[],"paper-wise":[],"subject":[],"acf":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/pwonlyias.com\/stage\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/current-affairs\/139394"}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/pwonlyias.com\/stage\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/current-affairs"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/pwonlyias.com\/stage\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/current-affairs"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/pwonlyias.com\/stage\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/11"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/pwonlyias.com\/stage\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=139394"}],"version-history":[{"count":3,"href":"https:\/\/pwonlyias.com\/stage\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/current-affairs\/139394\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":139870,"href":"https:\/\/pwonlyias.com\/stage\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/current-affairs\/139394\/revisions\/139870"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/pwonlyias.com\/stage\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/139712"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/pwonlyias.com\/stage\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=139394"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/pwonlyias.com\/stage\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=139394"},{"taxonomy":"paper-wise","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/pwonlyias.com\/stage\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/paper-wise?post=139394"},{"taxonomy":"subject","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/pwonlyias.com\/stage\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/subject?post=139394"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}