{"id":140660,"date":"2024-10-30T19:46:06","date_gmt":"2024-10-30T14:16:06","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/pwonlyias.com\/stage\/?post_type=current-affairs&#038;p=140660"},"modified":"2024-10-31T17:42:15","modified_gmt":"2024-10-31T12:12:15","slug":"greenhouse-gas-levels-surge-to-new-record","status":"publish","type":"current-affairs","link":"https:\/\/pwonlyias.com\/stage\/current-affairs\/greenhouse-gas-levels-surge-to-new-record","title":{"rendered":"Greenhouse gas levels surge to a new record in 2023: WMO"},"content":{"rendered":"<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Greenhouse gas levels surged to a new record in 2023, rising by more than 10% in just two decades, according to a new report by the World Meteorological Organization (WMO).<\/span><\/p>\n<div class=\"vc_table_green\"><\/p>\n<table style=\"width: 99.6962%;\">\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<th style=\"width: 100%; border-style: solid; border-color: #000000; background-color: rgba(184, 165, 217, 0.53); text-align: left; vertical-align: middle;\">\n<h2><span style=\"font-size: 18pt; color: #000000;\"><b>India&#8217;s Nationally Determined Contributions (NDCs)<\/b><\/span><\/h2>\n<ul>\n<li><span style=\"color: #000000;\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">India&#8217;s Nationally Determined Contributions (NDCs) are a climate action plan that aims to <\/span><b>reduce emissions and adapt to the effects of climate change.<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">\u00a0<\/span><\/span><\/li>\n<li><span style=\"color: #000000;\"><b>India&#8217;s NDC targets include:\u00a0<\/b><\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"list-style-type: none;\">\n<ul>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"2\"><span style=\"color: #000000;\"><b>Reducing emissions intensity: <\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Reducing the emissions intensity of India&#8217;s GDP by 45% by 2030, compared to 2005 levels\u00a0<\/span><\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"2\"><span style=\"color: #000000;\"><b>Renewable energy: <\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Increasing the share of renewables in electricity generation to 50% by 2030\u00a0<\/span><\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"2\"><span style=\"color: #000000;\"><b>Carbon sink creation:<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> Creating an additional 2.5 to 3 billion tonnes of carbon sink through forests by 2030\u00a0<\/span><\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"2\"><span style=\"color: #000000;\"><b>Net zero carbon emissions: <\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Achieving net-zero carbon emissions by 2070\u00a0<\/span><\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"2\"><span style=\"color: #000000;\"><b>Green hydrogen:<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> Producing five million tonnes of green hydrogen by 2030\u00a0<\/span><\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"2\"><span style=\"color: #000000;\"><b>Renewable energy capacity: <\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Installing 500 GW of renewable energy capacity by 2030\u00a0<\/span><\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/th>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<p><\/div>\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><span class=\"vc_button\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.pw.live\/batches\/upsc\/pw-only-ias?utm_source=seo+upsc+batch&#038;utm_medium=seo+upsc&#038;utm_campaign=seo&#038;utm_id=upsc\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Enroll now for UPSC Online Classes<\/a><\/span><\/p>\n<h2><span style=\"font-size: 18pt;\"><b>Key Highlights of report<\/b><\/span><\/h2>\n<ul>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><b>Current Reduction Plans:<\/b>\n<ul>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"2\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">The UN report states that existing<\/span><b> Nationally Determined Contributions (NDCs) <\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">would only reduce emissions by 2.6% from 2019 levels if fully implemented.<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><b>Needed Reduction:<\/b>\n<ul>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"2\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">To limit global warming to 1.5\u00b0C, the IPCC recommends a 43% reduction by 2030 and a 60% reduction by 2035.<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><b>UN Climate Change Statement:<\/b>\n<ul>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"2\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Simon Steill, UN Climate Change executive, emphasized the need for stronger action in upcoming NDC updates to meet climate goals.<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<li><b>GHG Surge in 2023:<\/b>\n<ul>\n<li><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">WMO reports record-high GHG levels in 2023, with CO2 concentration reaching 420 ppm, an increase of 2.3 ppm from 2022.<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<li><b>Historical CO2 Context:<\/b>\n<ul>\n<li><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Current CO2 levels are similar to those 3-5 million years ago, when temperatures were 2-3\u00b0C higher and sea levels were 10-20 meters above current levels.<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<li><b>Radiative Forcing Increase (1990-2023):<\/b>\n<ul>\n<li><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Warming effects from long-lived GHGs increased by 51.5%, with CO2 responsible for 81% of this rise (NOAA data).<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<li><b>Climate Feedback Concerns<\/b>\n<ul>\n<li><b>Potential Vicious Cycle:<\/b>\n<ul>\n<li><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">WMO warns that warming could turn natural ecosystems into GHG sources, as wildfires release more carbon and oceans absorb less CO2.<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<li><b>Long-term Impact of CO2:<\/b>\n<ul>\n<li><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">CO2\u2019s long atmospheric lifespan means temperature levels will remain elevated for decades, even with emission reductions.<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<li><b>Factors Driving Rising GHG Levels<\/b>\n<ul>\n<li><b>Human Activities:<\/b>\n<ul>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"2\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">High CO2 emissions from fossil fuels and reduced forest carbon absorption are major contributors to rising GHG levels.<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><b>Natural Causes:<\/b>\n<ul>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"2\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">El Ni\u00f1o-induced warmer temperatures, dry vegetation, and wildfires have increased GHG emissions.<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><b>Methane Surge (2020-2022):<\/b>\n<ul>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"2\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Methane levels saw their largest three-year rise, primarily due to increased emissions from natural wetlands during La Ni\u00f1a conditions.<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<li><b>India\u2019s Climate Commitments<\/b>\n<ul>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"2\"><b>Updated NDCs (August 2022):<\/b>\n<ul>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"3\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">India aims to reduce emissions intensity of its GDP by 45% from 2005 levels and ensure 50% of electricity generation capacity from non-fossil fuel sources by 2030.<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"2\"><b>Global Standing:<\/b>\n<ul>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"3\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Despite a 6.1% rise in emissions in 2023, India\u2019s historical contribution to global emissions remains at 3%.<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<div class=\"vc_table_green\"><\/p>\n<table style=\"width: 99.6988%;\">\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"width: 100%;\">\n<h2><span style=\"font-size: 18pt;\"><b>About Global Warming Potential (GWP)\u00a0<\/b><\/span><\/h2>\n<ul>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Measure of how much heat a <\/span><b>greenhouse gas (GHG) traps<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> in the atmosphere compared to <\/span><b>carbon dioxide (CO2)<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">GWP is used to compare the effectiveness of different GHGs in causing global warming<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"aligncenter wp-image-140661\" src=\"https:\/\/pwonlyias.com\/stage\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/10\/301-672239eb3aba5.webp\" alt=\"Greenhouse gas\" width=\"749\" height=\"334\" srcset=\"https:\/\/pwonlyias.com\/stage\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/10\/301-672239eb3aba5.webp 935w, https:\/\/pwonlyias.com\/stage\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/10\/301-672239eb3aba5-300x134.webp 300w, https:\/\/pwonlyias.com\/stage\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/10\/301-672239eb3aba5-768x343.webp 768w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 749px) 100vw, 749px\" \/><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<p><\/div>\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><span class=\"vc_button\"><a href=\"https:\/\/store.pw.live\/govt-entrance-exams\/upsc-books\/upsc-textbooks?utm_source=SEO&#038;utm_medium=PW+Live&#038;utm_campaign=UPSC+Textbooks\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Check Out UPSC NCERT Textbooks From PW Store<\/span><\/a><\/span><\/p>\n<h2><span style=\"font-size: 18pt;\"><b>About the World Meteorological Organization (WMO)<\/b><\/span><\/h2>\n<ul>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">The WMO is an<\/span><b> intergovernmental organization with 193 member state<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">s and territories.\u00a0<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><b>India <\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">is one of the Member States of the WMO.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><b>Origin<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">: WMO originated from the International Meteorological Organization, the roots of which were planted at the <\/span><b>1873 Vienna International Meteorological Congress.<\/b><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><b>Establishment: <\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">WMO was established by ratifying the<\/span><b> WMO Convention on 23rd March 1950.<\/b><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><b>Specialized Agency<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">: It became the specialized agency of the United Nations for Meteorology (weather and climate), operational hydrology and related geophysical sciences.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><b>Headquarters:<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> Geneva, Switzerland.<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<div class=\"vc_table_green\"><\/p>\n<table style=\"width: 100.043%;\">\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"width: 130.811%; text-align: center; border-style: solid; border-color: #000000;\" colspan=\"2\"><span style=\"font-size: 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(WMO).<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":11,"featured_media":140633,"menu_order":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"rank_math_lock_modified_date":false,"footnotes":""},"tags":[],"paper-wise":[2089],"subject":[4642],"acf":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/pwonlyias.com\/stage\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/current-affairs\/140660"}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/pwonlyias.com\/stage\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/current-affairs"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/pwonlyias.com\/stage\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/current-affairs"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/pwonlyias.com\/stage\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/11"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/pwonlyias.com\/stage\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=140660"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"https:\/\/pwonlyias.com\/stage\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/current-affairs\/140660\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":140663,"href":"https:\/\/pwonlyias.com\/stage\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/current-affairs\/140660\/revisions\/140663"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/pwonlyias.com\/stage\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/140633"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/pwonlyias.com\/stage\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=140660"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/pwonlyias.com\/stage\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=140660"},{"taxonomy":"paper-wise","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/pwonlyias.com\/stage\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/paper-wise?post=140660"},{"taxonomy":"subject","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/pwonlyias.com\/stage\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/subject?post=140660"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}