{"id":142671,"date":"2024-11-13T19:32:17","date_gmt":"2024-11-13T14:02:17","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/pwonlyias.com\/stage\/?post_type=current-affairs&#038;p=142671"},"modified":"2024-11-14T11:47:58","modified_gmt":"2024-11-14T06:17:58","slug":"long-range-land-attack-cruise-missile","status":"publish","type":"current-affairs","link":"https:\/\/pwonlyias.com\/stage\/current-affairs\/long-range-land-attack-cruise-missile","title":{"rendered":"DRDO Carries out Test of Long-Range Cruise Missile"},"content":{"rendered":"<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Recently, India\u2019s <\/span><b>Defence Research and Development Organisation (DRDO) <\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">successfully conducted the first flight-test of the <\/span><b>Long Range Land Attack Cruise Missile (LRLACM).<\/b><\/p>\n<h2><strong><span style=\"font-size: 18pt;\">DRDO Successfully Tests Long Range Land Attack Cruise Missile<\/span><\/strong><\/h2>\n<ul>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><b>Test Conducted:<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> DRDO conducted the test at<\/span><b> Integrated Test Range (ITR), <\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Chandipur, Odisha.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><b>Approval:<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> The<\/span><b> Defence Acquisition Council <\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">approved the procurement of LRLACM in July 2020.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><b>Variant :<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> It is a new variant of the<\/span><b> Nirbhay LRLACM<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> with improved features.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><b>Developed By:<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> The<\/span><b> Aeronautical Development Establishment (ADE)<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">, Bengaluru.<\/span>\n<ul>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"2\"><b>ADE<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> is a key<\/span><b> Aeronautical Systems Design House<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> of DRDO involved in the design and development of the <\/span><b>state-of-the-art Unmanned Aerial Vehicles and Aeronautical Systems<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> and technologies.<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><b>Performance:<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> The missile demonstrated<\/span><b> precision waypoint navigation,<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> executed complex manoeuvres at varying altitudes and speeds and <\/span><b>adhered to planned objectives.<\/b><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><span class=\"vc_button\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.pw.live\/batches\/upsc\/pw-only-ias?utm_source=seo+upsc+batch&#038;utm_medium=seo+upsc&#038;utm_campaign=seo&#038;utm_id=upsc\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Enroll now for UPSC Online Classes<\/a><\/span><\/p>\n<div class=\"vc_table_green\"><\/p>\n<table style=\"width: 99.8995%;\">\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<th style=\"width: 100%; border-style: solid; border-color: #000000; background-color: rgba(184, 165, 217, 0.53); text-align: left; vertical-align: middle;\">\n<h3><span style=\"font-size: 16pt; color: #000000;\"><b>About Defence Acquisition Council (DAC)<\/b><\/span><\/h3>\n<ul>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400; color: #000000;\">DAC is the highest decision-making body of the defence ministry on procurement.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"color: #000000;\"><b>Main Objective<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">:<\/span><\/span>\n<ul>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"2\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400; color: #000000;\">Ensuring the armed forces receive equipment on time<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"2\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400; color: #000000;\">Making the best use of the allocated budget<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"2\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400; color: #000000;\">Expeditiously procuring approved requirements<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"color: #000000;\"><b>Formation: <\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">In 2001 after the Group of Minister&#8217;s recommendations on<\/span><b> &#8216;Reforming the National Security System <\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">[post-Kargil War (1999)].<\/span><\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"color: #000000;\"><b>Composition:<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Defence Minister is Chairman.<\/span><\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"color: #000000;\"><b>Other Members: <\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Chief of Defence Staff (CDS), Minister of State for Defence, Three Service Chiefs (Army, Navy, Air Force), Chief of Integrated Staff Committees, Defence Secretary, Secretary Defence Research &#038; Development.<\/span><\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"color: #000000;\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">The DAC&#8217;s decisions flow down to the <\/span><b>Defence Procurement Board, Defence Production Board, and Defence R&#038;D Board<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> for implementation.<\/span><\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/th>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<p><\/div>\n<h2><span style=\"font-size: 18pt;\"><b>About Nirbhay LRLACM<\/b><\/span><\/h2>\n<ul>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">The<\/span><b> Long Range Land Attack Cruise Missile<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> is a <\/span><b>Mission Mode Project <\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">and can be launched from the ground using a mobile articulated launcher and also from frontline ships using a<\/span><b> universal vertical launch module system.<\/b><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><b>Type and Range: <\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Nirbhay is a <\/span><b>sub-sonic, long-range cruise missile<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> with a strike range of up to 1,000 kilometres, designed for precision targeting from stand-off distances, ensuring operator safety.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><b>Launch and Propulsion: <\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Nirbhay uses a<\/span><b> solid-fuel booster for initial launch<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">, after which it transitions to a<\/span><b> turbojet engine for sustained,<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> long-distance flight.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><b>Precision Strike:<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> It is designed for deep penetration, allowing it to target high-value assets with high accuracy.<\/span>\n<ul>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"2\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">It is equipped with Radar, electro-optical tracking systems, and telemetry equipment for improved precision.<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><b>Loitering and Low-Altitude Flight:<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> The missile<\/span><b> can loiter (stay airborne) <\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">before striking and can operate at very low altitudes, approximately 100 metres, to avoid detection and enhance effectiveness.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><b>Warhead Options: <\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Nirbhay is capable of carrying<\/span><b> both conventional and nuclear payloads,<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> with a warhead capacity ranging from <\/span><b>200 to 300 kg,<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> making it versatile for different mission requirements.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><b>Strategic Capability <\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">: Allow long-distance strikes against strategic targets with terrain-hugging flight paths and subsonic speeds enhancing stealth and defence penetration.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><b>Naval Defence Capability :<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> Has a range of over 1,000 km, with <\/span><b>sea-skimming capabilities <\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">for enhanced naval operations.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><b>Global Comparisons:<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> It is Similar to the <\/span><b>US Tomahawk &#038; Russia\u2019s Kalibr<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> in precision and long-range capabilities.<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><span class=\"vc_button\"><a href=\"https:\/\/store.pw.live\/govt-entrance-exams\/upsc-books\/upsc-textbooks?utm_source=SEO&#038;utm_medium=PW+Live&#038;utm_campaign=UPSC+Textbooks\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Check Out UPSC NCERT Textbooks From PW Store<\/span><\/a><\/span><\/p>\n<h2><span style=\"font-size: 18pt;\"><b>Cruise Missiles Vs Ballistic Missiles\u00a0<\/b><\/span><\/h2>\n<div class=\"vc_table_green\"><\/p>\n<table style=\"width: 99.5947%;\">\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"width: 16.2651%; text-align: center;\"><b>Aspect<\/b><\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 36.9478%; text-align: center;\"><b>Cruise Missiles<\/b><\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 47.8791%; text-align: center;\"><b>Ballistic Missiles<\/b><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"width: 16.2651%;\"><b>Flight Path<\/b><\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 36.9478%;\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Follow a low, controlled, and guided path<\/span><\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 47.8791%;\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Follows a parabolic trajectory; primarily unguided after launch<\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"width: 16.2651%;\"><b>Range of Flight<\/b><\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 36.9478%;\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Typically short to medium range<\/span><\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 47.8791%;\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Can be short, medium, long, or intercontinental<\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"width: 16.2651%;\"><b>Speed<\/b><\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 36.9478%;\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Usually subsonic or supersonic<\/span><\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 47.8791%;\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Supersonic or hypersonic<\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"width: 16.2651%;\"><b>Guidance System<\/b><\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 36.9478%;\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Continuous guidance (e.g., GPS, radar, terrain mapping)<\/span><\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 47.8791%;\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Mostly guided only in initial phase (inertial or GPS guidance)<\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"width: 16.2651%;\"><b>Flight Altitude<\/b><\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 36.9478%;\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Low altitude, hugging terrain<\/span><\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 47.8791%;\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">High altitude (<\/span><b>exiting atmosphere<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> in some cases)<\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"width: 16.2651%;\"><b>Precision<\/b><\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 36.9478%;\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">High precision, able to adjust path mid-flight.<\/span><\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 47.8791%;\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Moderate to high, depending on guidance technology<\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"width: 16.2651%;\"><b>Propulsion<\/b><\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 36.9478%;\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Jet engines or turbofans<\/span><\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 47.8791%;\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Rocket engines<\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"width: 16.2651%;\"><b>Detection<\/b><\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 36.9478%;\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Harder to detect due to low altitude<\/span><\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 47.8791%;\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Easier to detect after launch due to high altitude<\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"width: 16.2651%;\"><b>Launch Platforms<\/b><\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 36.9478%;\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Aircraft, ships, submarines, ground vehicles<\/span><\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 47.8791%;\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Land-based silos, submarines, mobile launchers<\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"width: 16.2651%;\"><b>Primary Use<\/b><\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 36.9478%;\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Tactical strikes against specific targets<\/span><\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 47.8791%;\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Strategic strikes; often used for long-range attacks<\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"width: 16.2651%;\"><b>Examples<\/b><\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 36.9478%;\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Tomahawk (US), BrahMos<\/span><\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 47.8791%;\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Minuteman III(US), Agni V, Russia&#8217;s R-36M (Longest range 16000 Km).<\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<p><\/div>\n<div class=\"vc_table_green\"><\/p>\n<table style=\"width: 100.043%;\">\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"width: 130.811%; text-align: center; border-style: solid; border-color: #000000;\" colspan=\"2\"><span style=\"font-size: 18pt;\"><b>Must Read<\/b><\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"width: 50.5357%; text-align: center; border-style: solid; border-color: #000000;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/pwonlyias.com\/stage\/editorial-analysis\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">UPSC Daily Editorials<\/span><\/a><\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 80.2753%; text-align: center; 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