{"id":142674,"date":"2024-11-13T19:38:21","date_gmt":"2024-11-13T14:08:21","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/pwonlyias.com\/stage\/?post_type=current-affairs&#038;p=142674"},"modified":"2025-02-13T15:59:10","modified_gmt":"2025-02-13T10:29:10","slug":"food-prices-spur-retail-inflation","status":"publish","type":"current-affairs","link":"https:\/\/pwonlyias.com\/stage\/current-affairs\/food-prices-spur-retail-inflation","title":{"rendered":"Food Prices Spur Retail Inflation to 6.2% in Oct"},"content":{"rendered":"<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Retail Inflation reached a 14-month high\u00a0 to 6.2% in October, up from 5.5% in September, driven by a 10.9% increase in food prices.<\/span><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li aria-level=\"2\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">This level marks a breach of the RBI\u2019s upper tolerance limit for inflation, with rural inflation higher at 6.7%, compared to urban inflation at 5.6%.<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h2><span style=\"font-size: 18pt;\"><b>Key Highlights of the Inflation<\/b><\/span><\/h2>\n<ul>\n<li><b>Food Price Changes: <\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">The rise in food inflation in October was significant across key items such as Vegetables (42.2%), <\/span><b>Edible Oils<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">(9.5%) and <\/span><b>Fruits(<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">8.4%).<\/span>\n<ul>\n<li><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">A <\/span><b>global supply disruption in Southeast Asia <\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">led to a<\/span><b> 27% increase in edible oil prices<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">, contributing to the sharp domestic inflation.<\/span><\/li>\n<li><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">For Pulses inflation eased to 7.4%, ending a 17-month stretch of double-digit increase<\/span><\/li>\n<li><b>Spices<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> saw a price decline of 7%.<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<li><b>Core Inflation Remains Moderate:<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> Core inflation (excluding food and energy) remained stable below 4% for the 11th consecutive month, with a mild rise from September\u2019s nine-month high of 3.8%.<\/span><\/li>\n<li><b>Consumer Price Index (CPI) Changes: <\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">The overall CPI increased by 1.3% from September, with rural areas seeing a slightly higher increase of 1.42%.<\/span><\/li>\n<li><b>Consumer Food Price Index (CFPI) Changes : <\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">The CFPI, which tracks food inflation, rose<\/span><b> 2.6% with similar effects in both rural and urban areas.<\/b><\/li>\n<li><b>RBI&#8217;s Inflation Projections:<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> The RBI had projected average inflation at 4.8% for Q3 of FY 2024-25, dropping to 4.2% in Q4.<\/span>\n<ul>\n<li><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">However, to meet these projections, inflation would need to significantly soften to around 4.1% in November and December.<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<li><b>Impact on Monetary Policy:<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> Economists suggest that the sharp rise in inflation rules out any possibility of an interest rate cut in the RBI\u2019s December monetary policy review.<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><span class=\"vc_button\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.pw.live\/batches\/upsc?utm_source=seo+upsc+batch&#038;utm_medium=seo+upsc&#038;utm_campaign=seo&#038;utm_id=upsc\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Enroll now for UPSC Online Course<\/a><\/span><\/p>\n<h2><span style=\"font-size: 18pt;\"><b>About Inflation<\/b><\/span><\/h2>\n<ul>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Inflation refers to <\/span><b>the rise in the prices of most goods and services of daily or common use,<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> such as food, clothing, housing, recreation, transport, consumer staples, etc.\u00a0<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">It measures the average price change in a basket of commodities and services over time.\u00a0<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Inflation is<\/span><b> indicative of the decrease in the purchasing power<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> of a unit of a country\u2019s currency. This is measured in percentage.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><b>Importance: <\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">A certain level of inflation is required in the economy to ensure that expenditure is promoted and hoarding money through savings is demotivated.<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h3><span style=\"font-size: 16pt;\"><b>Types of Inflation<\/b><\/span><\/h3>\n<ul>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><b>Headline Inflation:<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> Headline Inflation is a measure of the total inflation within an economy, including commodities such as food and energy prices (e.g., oil and gas), which tend to be much more volatile and prone to inflationary spikes.<\/span>\n<ul>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"2\"><b>Wholesale Price Index (WPI) <\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">in India is known as headline inflation.<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><b>Core Inflation: <\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Core inflation is the change in the costs of goods and services, but it does not include those from the food and energy sectors.<\/span>\n<ul>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"2\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">This measure of inflation excludes these items because their prices are much more volatile.<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><b>Disinflation<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">: Disinflation refers to a decrease in the rate of inflation, meaning prices are still rising but at a slower pace.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><b>Stagflation:<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> Stagflation is a unique combination of high inflation and stagnant economic growth, accompanied by high unemployment.<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h3><span style=\"font-size: 16pt;\"><b>How is Inflation measured?<\/b><\/span><\/h3>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">In India, inflation is primarily measured by two main indices WPI (Wholesale Price Index) and CPI (Consumer Price Index), which measure wholesale and retail-level price changes, respectively.<\/span><\/p>\n<h2><span style=\"font-size: 18pt;\"><b>About Consumer Price Index (CPI) \u2013 Retail Inflation<\/b><\/span><\/h2>\n<ul>\n<li><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">CPI Measures the change in the<\/span><b> retail prices of goods and services <\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">with reference to a base year.<\/span><\/li>\n<li><b>Compiled by: <\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">National Statistics Office (NSO), Ministry of Statistics and Programme Implementation (MoSPI).<\/span><\/li>\n<li><b>Types of CPI:<\/b>\n<ul>\n<li><b>CPI for Industrial Workers (CPI-IW)<\/b>\n<ul>\n<li><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Compiled by the Labor Bureau.<\/span><\/li>\n<li><b>Base year:<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> 2016.<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<li><b>CPI for Rural Laborers and Agricultural Laborers (CPI-AL &#038; CPI-RL)<\/b>\n<ul>\n<li><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Compiled by the Labor Bureau.<\/span><\/li>\n<li><b>Base year:<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> 1986-87.<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<li><b>New CPI (Rural, Urban, and Combined):<\/b>\n<ul>\n<li><b>Base year:<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> 2012.<\/span><\/li>\n<li><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Compiled and published by the Central Statistical Organisation (CSO) for all-India levels.<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><span class=\"vc_button\"><a href=\"https:\/\/store.pw.live\/govt-entrance-exams\/upsc-books\/upsc-textbooks?utm_source=SEO&#038;utm_medium=PW+Live&#038;utm_campaign=UPSC+Textbooks\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Check Out UPSC NCERT Textbooks From PW Store<\/span><\/a><\/span><\/p>\n<h2><span style=\"font-size: 18pt;\"><b>Consumer Food Price Index (CFPI)<\/b><\/span><\/h2>\n<p><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"wp-image-142660 alignright\" src=\"https:\/\/pwonlyias.com\/stage\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/11\/131-6734a4b722bed.webp\" alt=\"Inflation\" width=\"400\" height=\"402\" srcset=\"https:\/\/pwonlyias.com\/stage\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/11\/131-6734a4b722bed.webp 652w, https:\/\/pwonlyias.com\/stage\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/11\/131-6734a4b722bed-298x300.webp 298w, https:\/\/pwonlyias.com\/stage\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/11\/131-6734a4b722bed-150x150.webp 150w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 400px) 100vw, 400px\" \/><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><b>CFPI:<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> It is a sub-component of CPI, measuring <\/span><b>changes in retail prices of food items <\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">consumed by the population.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><b>Focus:<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> Tracks price changes of food staples such as cereals, vegetables, fruits, dairy, meat, etc.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><b>Compiled by: <\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Central Statistical Office (CSO), <\/span><b>MoSPI<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> (from May 2014), now under <\/span><b>NSO <\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">(formed in 2019).<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><b>Base year:<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> 2012.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><b>Methodology<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">: Calculated monthly, using the same methodology as CPI.<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h2><span style=\"font-size: 18pt;\"><b>Wholesale Price Index (WPI)<\/b><\/span><\/h2>\n<ul>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><b>WPI : <\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">It measures the average change in wholesale prices before the retail level.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><b>Coverage: <\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">It covers only goods, excluding services.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><b>Compiled by: <\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Office of Economic Advisor, Ministry of Commerce and Industry (on a monthly basis).<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><b>Base year:<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> 2011-12.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><b>Weightage:<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> Weights assigned to commodities are based on production value adjusted for net imports.<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h2><span style=\"font-size: 18pt;\"><b>Impact of Food Inflation<\/b><\/span><\/h2>\n<ul>\n<li><b>Psychological Stress: <\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Rising prices, especially for essential items like vegetables and fruits, can lead to significant stress and anxiety among consumers.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><b>Impact on Health:<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> Increased food prices can lead to reduced food consumption, particularly among vulnerable populations, impacting nutritional intake and overall health<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><b>Impact on Economy: <\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Food Inflation distorts overall inflation target of RBI limiting its ability to use monetary measures.<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h3><span style=\"font-size: 16pt;\"><b>Government Measures to Control Food Inflation<\/b><\/span><\/h3>\n<ul>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><b>Subsidised Sales: <\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Government-subsidised sales of essential commodities like onions, tomatoes, wheat, and sugar to control prices.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><b>Import Duty Reduction:<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> Reducing import duties on pulses to increase domestic supply.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><b>Export Bans:<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> Temporary bans on exports of wheat and broken rice to ensure domestic availability.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><b>Stockpiling Restrictions: <\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Limits on stockpiling by traders to prevent hoarding.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><b>Operation Greens:<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> A government initiative to stabilise the supply and prices of tomatoes, onions, and potatoes.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><b>Minimum Export Price: <\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Imposing a minimum export price on food items to curb exports and maintain domestic supply.<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h3><span style=\"font-size: 16pt;\"><b>Monetary Policy Measures to Control Inflation<\/b><\/span><\/h3>\n<ul>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><b>Increasing Interest Rates:<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> This reduces borrowing and spending, cooling down demand.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><b>Cash Reserve Ratio (CRR) Hike:<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> Banks are required to hold more funds with the central bank, reducing lending capacity.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><b>Open Market Operations (OMO):<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> Selling government securities to absorb excess liquidity.<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h3><span style=\"font-size: 16pt;\"><b>Fiscal Policy Measures to Control Inflation<\/b><\/span><\/h3>\n<ul>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><b>Reduced Government Spending:<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> Cutting back on public expenditure to lower aggregate demand.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><b>Increased Taxes:<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> Raising taxes to reduce disposable income and consumption.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><b>Supply-Side Measures:<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> Promoting domestic production, improving infrastructure, and streamlining regulations to boost supply and reduce inflationary pressures.<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><span class=\"vc_button\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.pw.live\/batches\/upsc\/pw-only-ias?utm_source=seo+upsc+batch&#038;utm_medium=seo+upsc&#038;utm_campaign=seo&#038;utm_id=upsc\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Enroll now for UPSC Online Classes<\/a><\/span><\/p>\n<h2><span style=\"font-size: 18pt;\"><b>Way Forward<\/b><\/span><\/h2>\n<ul>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><b>Investment in Agriculture:<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> Investing in infrastructure, markets, and supply chains to improve food production and reduce price volatility.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><b>Risk Management Tools:<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> Implementing effective risk management strategies to protect farmers, traders, and consumers from price fluctuations and climate-related risks.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><b>Climate-Smart Agriculture: <\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Adopting sustainable agricultural practices to mitigate the impact of climate change on food production.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><b>Institutional Forecasting:<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> Establishing a robust forecasting mechanism to provide accurate information to farmers and policy-makers.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><b>Supply-Side Reforms:<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> Addressing structural issues in the agricultural sector to improve productivity and 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prices.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":11,"featured_media":142614,"menu_order":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"rank_math_lock_modified_date":false,"footnotes":""},"tags":[],"paper-wise":[2089],"subject":[2100],"acf":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/pwonlyias.com\/stage\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/current-affairs\/142674"}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/pwonlyias.com\/stage\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/current-affairs"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/pwonlyias.com\/stage\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/current-affairs"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/pwonlyias.com\/stage\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/11"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/pwonlyias.com\/stage\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=142674"}],"version-history":[{"count":4,"href":"https:\/\/pwonlyias.com\/stage\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/current-affairs\/142674\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":142710,"href":"https:\/\/pwonlyias.com\/stage\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/current-affairs\/142674\/revisions\/142710"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/pwonlyias.com\/stage\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/142614"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/pwonlyias.com\/stage\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=142674"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/pwonlyias.com\/stage\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=142674"},{"taxonomy":"paper-wise","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/pwonlyias.com\/stage\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/paper-wise?post=142674"},{"taxonomy":"subject","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/pwonlyias.com\/stage\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/subject?post=142674"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}