{"id":142831,"date":"2024-11-14T20:08:11","date_gmt":"2024-11-14T14:38:11","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/pwonlyias.com\/stage\/?post_type=current-affairs&#038;p=142831"},"modified":"2024-11-15T16:43:43","modified_gmt":"2024-11-15T11:13:43","slug":"world-diabetes-day","status":"publish","type":"current-affairs","link":"https:\/\/pwonlyias.com\/stage\/current-affairs\/world-diabetes-day","title":{"rendered":"World Diabetes Day 2024"},"content":{"rendered":"<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Lancet study says that India accounts for over a quarter of global diabetes cases, with approximately <\/span><b>21.2 crore people affected.<\/b><\/p>\n<div class=\"vc_table_green\"><\/p>\n<table style=\"width: 99.6975%;\">\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<th style=\"width: 100%; border-style: solid; border-color: #000000; background-color: rgba(184, 165, 217, 0.53); text-align: left; vertical-align: middle;\">\n<h3><span style=\"font-size: 16pt; color: #000000;\"><b>Diabetes<\/b><\/span><\/h3>\n<p><span style=\"color: #000000;\"><b>About: <\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Diabetes is a<\/span><b> Non-Communicable chronic disease<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> where the pancreas either doesn\u2019t produce enough insulin or the body cannot effectively use the insulin it produces.<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400; color: #000000;\">Insulin is the hormone responsible for regulating blood glucose levels.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"color: #000000;\"><b>Types of Diabetes:<\/b><\/span><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"color: #000000;\"><b>Type 1 Diabetes:<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> Autoimmunity\/antibodies attack the pancreas leading to destruction of insulin- producing beta cells.<\/span><\/span>\n<ul>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"2\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400; color: #000000;\">This causes insufficient insulin production.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"2\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400; color: #000000;\">Requires daily insulin administration.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"2\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400; color: #000000;\">The exact cause is unknown, and there are no known preventive measures.<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"color: #000000;\"><b>Type 2 Diabetes:<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> Caused by a combination of resistance to insulin and insulin deficiency.<\/span><\/span>\n<ul>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"2\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400; color: #000000;\">The body becomes unable to use insulin properly, leading to high blood sugar if untreated.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"2\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400; color: #000000;\">It is often preventable.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"2\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400; color: #000000;\">Contributing factors include being overweight, lack of exercise, and genetics.<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"color: #000000;\"><b>Gestational diabetes:<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> It is a form of high blood sugar affecting pregnant women who didn\u2019t have diabetes before.<\/span><\/span>\n<ul>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"2\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400; color: #000000;\">It usually appears in the second trimester and requires careful monitoring and management to avoid its progression into Type 2 Diabetes.<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/th>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<p><\/div>\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><span class=\"vc_button\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.pw.live\/batches\/upsc\/pw-only-ias?utm_source=seo+upsc+batch&#038;utm_medium=seo+upsc&#038;utm_campaign=seo&#038;utm_id=upsc\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Enroll now for UPSC Online Classes<\/a><\/span><\/p>\n<h2><span style=\"font-size: 18pt;\"><b>Key Findings of the Study<\/b><\/span><\/h2>\n<ul>\n<li><b>Global Diabetes Prevalence: <\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">An estimated 82.8 crore people globally had diabetes in 2022, marking a more than fourfold increase since 1990.<\/span>\n<ul>\n<li><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Other countries with high diabetes rates include China (14.8 crore), the U.S. (4.2 crore), Pakistan (3.6 crore), and Brazil (2.2 crore).<\/span><\/li>\n<li><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">The highest increases have occurred in low- and middle-income countries (LMICs).<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<li><b>Untreated Diabetes Burden: <\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Stagnation in diabetes treatment rates in Low and Middle Income Countries (LMIC) has left 44.5 crore adults with diabetes untreated globally.<\/span><\/li>\n<li><b>India\u2019s Specific:<\/b>\n<ul>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"2\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Nearly <\/span><b>one-third of untreated diabetes<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> cases worldwide (13.3 crore adults) reside in India.<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><b>Challenges with Untreated Diabetes: <\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Undiagnosed diabetes can lead to severe complications like diabetic retinopathy, a condition causing vision loss due to retinal damage.<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h2><span style=\"font-size: 18pt;\"><b>Study on Diabetes in India<\/b><\/span><\/h2>\n<ul>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">The SMART India study is a statistical and economic modeling study on a cross-sectional and prospectively recruited participants from<\/span><b> community-based screening<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> in order to accurately identify <\/span><b>people at risk of diabetes<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">, pre-diabetes and complications of diabetes in India.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><b>Sample:<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> Conducted across 10 Indian states and one union territory by researchers, including those from Chennai\u2019s Sankara Nethralaya.<\/span>\n<ul>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"2\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Involved 6,000+ diabetic patients aged 40 and above.<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><b>Key Finding:<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> Revealed that 12.5% of diabetes patients in India (around 30 lakh people) had diabetic retinopathy, with 4% at immediate risk of vision-threatening conditions.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><b>Better screening: <\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">The study emphasizes the need for regular <\/span><b>diabetic retinopathy screenings.<\/b><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h2><span style=\"font-size: 18pt;\"><b>Factors contributing to the high prevalence of diabetes in India<\/b><\/span><\/h2>\n<ul>\n<li><b>Genetic Predisposition : Certain ethnic groups, including Indians, have a higher genetic predisposition to develop type 2 diabetes.<\/b><\/li>\n<li><b>Insulin Resistance: Indians tend to have higher levels of insulin resistance, making them more susceptible to the disease.<\/b><\/li>\n<li><b>Urbanization and Sedentary Lifestyle: The rapid urbanization and adoption of sedentary lifestyles have led to decreased physical activity and increased risk of obesity, both major risk factors for diabetes.<\/b><\/li>\n<li><b>Dietary Changes: The shift towards a more Westernized diet, high in processed foods, sugary drinks, and unhealthy fats, has contributed to the rise in diabetes.<\/b><\/li>\n<li><b>Lack of Awareness: Many people in India are unaware of their risk factors for diabetes and the importance of early detection and prevention.<\/b><\/li>\n<li><b>Limited Access to Healthcare: In rural areas, access to quality healthcare, including diabetes screening and management, can be limited.<\/b><\/li>\n<li><b>Socioeconomic Disparities: Poverty and socioeconomic inequalities can exacerbate the risk of diabetes by limiting access to healthy food, healthcare, and education.<\/b><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h2><span style=\"font-size: 18pt;\"><b>Preventive and Policy Recommendations<\/b><\/span><\/h2>\n<ul>\n<li><b>Healthy Lifestyle: <\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Prevention through diet and exercise is critical to managing diabetes.<\/span><\/li>\n<li><b>Policy Initiatives: <\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Restrict unhealthy foods, make healthier options more affordable, provide subsidies for nutritious foods, and introduce free healthy school meals.<\/span><\/li>\n<li><b>Enhanced Exercise Access: <\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Promote safe public spaces for physical activity, like parks and fitness centers with free access.<\/span><\/li>\n<li><b>Innovative Approaches to Diabetes Diagnosis<\/b>\n<ul>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"2\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Workplace and community-based screening programs.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"2\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Flexible healthcare hours to increase accessibility.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"2\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Integrating diabetes screening with other healthcare programs (e.g., HIV\/AIDS, TB).<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"2\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Utilize trusted community healthcare providers to improve diagnosis rates in underserved areas.<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><span class=\"vc_button\"><a href=\"https:\/\/store.pw.live\/govt-entrance-exams\/upsc-books\/upsc-textbooks?utm_source=SEO&#038;utm_medium=PW+Live&#038;utm_campaign=UPSC+Textbooks\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Check Out UPSC NCERT Textbooks From PW Store<\/span><\/a><\/span><\/p>\n<h2><span style=\"font-size: 18pt;\"><b>Initiatives Taken In India To Reduce Diabetes Burden<\/b><\/span><\/h2>\n<ul>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><b>National Diabetes Policy:<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> Launched in 2017, the policy aims to decrease the prevalence of diabetes in India by 20% by 2025.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><b>National Programme for Prevention &#038; Control of Non-Communicable Diseases (NP-NCD): <\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Under NP-NCD, glucometer and drugs for diabetes are provided as per the proposals received from the states.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><b>Population based screening under National Health Mission:<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> Aims to prevent, control, and screen for common Non-Communicable Diseases (NCDs), including diabetes, hypertension, and cancers.<\/span>\n<ul>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"2\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">The initiative specifically targets individuals <\/span><b>over 30 years of age<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> for screening.<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><b>Eat Right India: <\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">The \u2018Eat Right India\u2019 movement was initiated by FSSAI under the aegis of the Ministry of Health &#038; Family Welfare to curb consumption of sugar, salt and fat.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><b>Fitness Initiatives: <\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Fit India and Khleo India movements are implemented by the Ministry of Youth Affairs and Sports, and various Yoga related activities are carried out by the Ministry of AYUSH.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><b>Medicine Availability:<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> Quality generic medicines including insulin are made available at affordable prices to all, under<\/span><b> \u2018Pradhan Mantri Bhartiya Janaushadhi Pariyojana\u2019 (PMBJP),<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> in collaboration with the State Governments.<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<div class=\"vc_table_green\"><\/p>\n<table style=\"width: 99.6988%;\">\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<th style=\"width: 100%; border-style: solid; border-color: #000000; background-color: rgba(184, 165, 217, 0.53); text-align: left; vertical-align: middle;\">\n<h2><span style=\"color: #000000; font-size: 18pt;\"><b>World Diabetes Day 2024<\/b><\/span><\/h2>\n<ul>\n<li><span style=\"color: #000000;\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">The <\/span><b>World Health Organization (WHO)<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> and the<\/span><b> International Diabetes Federation (IDF) <\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">organize the event, which focuses on diabetes prevention, health risks, and managing and living well with the disease.<\/span><\/span><\/li>\n<li><span style=\"color: #000000;\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">The IDF and WHO established <\/span><b>World Diabetes Day in 1991<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> in response to growing global concerns about diabetes as a major health concern. In 2006, the UN formally recognized WDD and identified diabetes as a <\/span><b>global health concern.<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">\u00a0<\/span><\/span><\/li>\n<li aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"color: #000000;\"><b>Theme for World Diabetes Day 2024:<\/b> <b>&#8220;Breaking Barriers, Bridging Gaps&#8221; <\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">which focuses on reducing diabetes risk and ensuring equitable, thorough, affordable, and high-quality care for all individuals with diabetes.<\/span><\/span><\/li>\n<li><span style=\"color: #000000;\"><b>Purpose of World Diabetes Day<\/b><\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"list-style-type: none;\">\n<ul>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"2\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400; color: #000000;\">Raise awareness about diabetes as a global health concern.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"2\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400; color: #000000;\">Promote access to effective diabetes care, education, and support systems.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"2\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400; 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