{"id":142834,"date":"2024-11-14T20:10:14","date_gmt":"2024-11-14T14:40:14","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/pwonlyias.com\/stage\/?post_type=current-affairs&#038;p=142834"},"modified":"2024-11-15T16:27:35","modified_gmt":"2024-11-15T10:57:35","slug":"jawahar-lal-nehru","status":"publish","type":"current-affairs","link":"https:\/\/pwonlyias.com\/stage\/current-affairs\/jawahar-lal-nehru","title":{"rendered":"135th Birth Anniversary of Pandit Jawaharlal Nehru"},"content":{"rendered":"<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">A multimedia digital archive featuring Jawaharlal Nehru&#8217;s<\/span><b> less-known published and unpublished works, <\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">will be launched by the<\/span><b> Jawaharlal Nehru Memorial Fund (JNMF)<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> on November 14, 2025, his birth anniversary.<\/span><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">India is also celebrating Children&#8217;s Day on November 14, 2024, to commemorate the<\/span><b> 135th birth anniversary <\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">of Pandit Jawaharlal Nehru.<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><span class=\"vc_button\"><a href=\"https:\/\/pwonlyias.com\/stage\/childrens-day-in-india\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Also Read: Children&#8217;s Day 2024<\/a><\/span><\/p>\n<h2><span style=\"font-size: 18pt;\"><b>About Nehru Archive<\/b><\/span><\/h2>\n<ul>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><b>Aim<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">: To make Nehru&#8217;s contributions accessible to future generations, showcasing his role in shaping modern India and the world.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><b>Highlights of the Archive<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">:<\/span>\n<ul>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"2\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">All 100 volumes of the Selected Works of Jawaharlal Nehru.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"2\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Letters to Chief Ministers (1947-1964).<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"2\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Published books like<\/span><b> Letters from a Father to His Daughter, Glimpses of World History, An Autobiography, and The Discovery of India.<\/b><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"2\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Original speeches from 1917 to 1964.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"2\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Writings on Nehru by contemporaries and materials from global archives.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"2\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">The archive will be comprehensive, dynamic, and open-ended, constantly updated with new sources.<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><b>Inspiration<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">: Inspired by the U.S. based Wilson Center, the archive seeks to be the <\/span><b>primary source <\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">for research on Nehru.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><b>Foundation<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">: The<\/span><b> JNMF<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> was established in 1964.<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><span class=\"vc_button\"><a href=\"https:\/\/store.pw.live\/govt-entrance-exams\/upsc-books\/upsc-modules?utm_source=SEO&#038;utm_medium=PW+Live&#038;utm_campaign=UPSC+Modules\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Check Out UPSC Modules From PW Store<\/span><\/a><\/span><\/p>\n<h2><span style=\"font-size: 18pt;\"><b>About Jawaharlal Nehru<\/b><\/span><\/h2>\n<ul>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><b>Birth<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">: November 14, 1889, in Allahabad, Uttar Pradesh.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><b>1912<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">: Returned to India and became an advocate but was not interested in practicing law.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><b>1916<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">: Joined Annie Besant\u2019s Home Rule League.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><b>1920<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">: Met Mahatma Gandhi and<\/span><b> entered the freedom struggle<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> during the <\/span><b>Non-Cooperation Movement.<\/b><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><b>1929-31<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">:\u00a0<\/span>\n<ul>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"2\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Advocated for complete independence for India in the<\/span><b> 1929 Lahore session;\u00a0<\/b><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"2\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Drafted a resolution on Fundamental Rights and Economic Policy, ratified in the <\/span><b>1931 Karachi Session <\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">presided by <\/span><b>Sardar Patel.<\/b><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><b>1936<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">: Presided over the<\/span><b> Lucknow session<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> of the Indian National Congress.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><b>1940<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">: Participated in the limited civil disobedience campaign <\/span><b>( Individual Satyagrah) <\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">led by Gandhi, <\/span><b>sentenced to four years in prison.<\/b><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><b>1942<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">: Designated by Gandhi as his political heir.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><b>1947<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">: Became the first Prime Minister of Independent India and was re-elected for consecutive terms. He remained PM for more than 16 years till his<\/span><b> death in 1964.<\/b><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><b>1955<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">: Awarded the Bharat Ratna.<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h2><span style=\"font-size: 18pt;\"><b>Contributions of Jawaharlal Nehru<\/b><\/span><\/h2>\n<ul>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><b>Literary Work<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">: Authored The Discovery of India, Glimpses of World History, and his autobiography Toward Freedom, as well as Letters from a Father to His Daughter.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><b>Education<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">: Established institutions like IITs, AIIMS, and IIMs; included free and compulsory primary education for all children in his five-year plan.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><b>Industrial Development<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">: Set up heavy industries, including iron and steel plants in Durgapur and Rourkela.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><b>Institutions<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">: Laid the foundation for the National Defence Academy and the Atomic Energy Commission.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><b>Foreign Policy<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">: Initiated the Non-Aligned Movement; signed the Panchsheel with China in 1954, marking the Five Principles of Peaceful Coexistence; known as the architect of India&#8217;s foreign policy.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><b>Governance<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">: Appointed the States Reorganisation Commission in 1953 to create states based on linguistic lines.<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<div class=\"vc_table_green\"><\/p>\n<table style=\"width: 100.043%;\">\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"width: 130.811%; text-align: center; border-style: solid; border-color: #000000;\" colspan=\"2\"><span style=\"font-size: 18pt;\"><b>Must Read<\/b><\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"width: 50.5357%; text-align: center; border-style: solid; border-color: #000000;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/pwonlyias.com\/stage\/editorial-analysis\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">UPSC Daily Editorials<\/span><\/a><\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 80.2753%; text-align: center; border-style: solid; 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