{"id":143377,"date":"2024-11-18T19:42:27","date_gmt":"2024-11-18T14:12:27","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/pwonlyias.com\/stage\/?post_type=current-affairs&#038;p=143377"},"modified":"2025-03-03T10:50:28","modified_gmt":"2025-03-03T05:20:28","slug":"flight-test-of-hypersonic-missiles","status":"publish","type":"current-affairs","link":"https:\/\/pwonlyias.com\/stage\/current-affairs\/flight-test-of-hypersonic-missiles","title":{"rendered":"India Conducts Historic Flight Test of Hypersonic Missile"},"content":{"rendered":"<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">India has achieved a major milestone by successfully conducting flight trial of long range hypersonic missile from Dr APJ Abdul Kalam Island, off-the-coast of Odisha.\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">This hypersonic missile is designed to carry various payloads for<\/span><b> ranges greater than 1,500 kms for the Armed Forces.<\/b><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h2><span style=\"font-size: 18pt;\"><b>About Hypersonic Missiles<\/b><\/span><\/h2>\n<p><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"wp-image-143372 alignright\" src=\"https:\/\/pwonlyias.com\/stage\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/11\/1810-673b45d849c4f.webp\" alt=\"Hypersonic missile\" width=\"421\" height=\"496\" srcset=\"https:\/\/pwonlyias.com\/stage\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/11\/1810-673b45d849c4f.webp 627w, https:\/\/pwonlyias.com\/stage\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/11\/1810-673b45d849c4f-255x300.webp 255w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 421px) 100vw, 421px\" \/><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><b>Speed:<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> A hypersonic missile is a weapon system which flies at least at the speed of <\/span><b>Mach 5 i.e. five times the speed of sound<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> and is manoeuvrable.\u00a0<\/span><\/li>\n<li><b>Manoeuvrability<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">: Unlike ballistic missiles, hypersonic missiles <\/span><b>do not follow a ballistic trajectory<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> and can be <\/span><b>manoeuvred to the intended target<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">.<\/span><\/li>\n<li><b>Types<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">: <\/span><b>Hypersonic Glide Vehicles (HGV) and Hypersonic Cruise Missiles.\u00a0<\/b>\n<ul>\n<li><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">The HGV is launched from a rocket before gliding to the intended target.\u00a0<\/span><\/li>\n<li><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">The hypersonic cruise missile is powered by air breathing high speed engines or <\/span><b>\u2018scramjets\u2019 after acquiring their target.<\/b><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<li><b>Advantage:<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> Hypersonic weapons can enable responsive, <\/span><b>long range strike options against distant<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">, defended or time critical threats (such as road mobile missiles) when other forces are unavailable, denied access or not preferred.<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><span class=\"vc_button\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.pw.live\/batches\/upsc?utm_source=seo+upsc+batch&#038;utm_medium=seo+upsc&#038;utm_campaign=seo&#038;utm_id=upsc\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Enroll now for UPSC Online Course<\/a><\/span><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><b>Detectability:<\/b>\n<ul>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"2\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">These missiles could <\/span><b>challenge detection<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> and defence due to their speed, <\/span><b>manoeuvrability and low altitude of flight.<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">\u00a0<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"2\"><b>Ground based radars or terrestrial radars<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> cannot detect hypersonic missiles until late in the flight of the weapon.\u00a0<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"2\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">This<\/span><b> delayed detection<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> makes it difficult for the responders to the missile attack to assess their options and to attempt to intercept the missiles.\u00a0<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><b>Countries possessing:<\/b> <b>US, Russia and Chin<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">a are in advanced stages of hypersonic missile programmes, <\/span><b>India, France, Germany, Japan and Australia<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> too are developing hypersonic weapons.<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"aligncenter wp-image-143373\" src=\"https:\/\/pwonlyias.com\/stage\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/11\/1811-673b45d6608fc.webp\" alt=\"Hypersonic missile\" width=\"701\" height=\"388\" srcset=\"https:\/\/pwonlyias.com\/stage\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/11\/1811-673b45d6608fc.webp 1053w, https:\/\/pwonlyias.com\/stage\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/11\/1811-673b45d6608fc-300x166.webp 300w, https:\/\/pwonlyias.com\/stage\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/11\/1811-673b45d6608fc-1024x567.webp 1024w, https:\/\/pwonlyias.com\/stage\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/11\/1811-673b45d6608fc-768x425.webp 768w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 701px) 100vw, 701px\" \/><\/p>\n<div class=\"vc_table_green\"><\/p>\n<table style=\"width: 99.4967%;\">\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<th style=\"width: 100%; border-style: solid; border-color: #000000; background-color: rgba(184, 165, 217, 0.53); text-align: left; vertical-align: middle;\">\n<h2><span style=\"font-size: 18pt; color: #000000;\"><b>About Mach number<\/b><\/span><\/h2>\n<ul>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"color: #000000;\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Mach number, in <\/span><b>fluid mechanics, ratio of the velocity of a fluid to the velocity of sound in that fluid<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">, named after <\/span><b>Ernst Mach (1838\u20131916)<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">, an Austrian physicist and philosopher.<\/span><\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"color: #000000;\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">In the case of an object moving through a fluid, such as an aircraft in flight, the Mach number is<\/span><b> equal to the velocity of the object relative to the fluid divided by the velocity of sound in that fluid<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">.<\/span><\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"color: #000000;\"><b>Subsonic<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> conditions occur for Mach numbers less than one, <\/span><b>M < 1 <\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">.<\/span><\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"color: #000000;\"><b>Sonic<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> conditions occur for Mach numbers equal to one, <\/span><b>M = 1 <\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">.<\/span><\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"color: #000000;\"><b>Supersonic<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> conditions occur for Mach numbers greater than one,<\/span><b> M >1<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">.<\/span><\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"color: #000000;\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">For speed greater than five times the speed of sound, <\/span><b>M > 5,<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> the flow is said to be <\/span><b>hypersonic<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">.<\/span><\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/th>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<p><\/div>\n<h2><span style=\"font-size: 18pt;\"><b>Classification of Missiles<\/b><\/span><\/h2>\n<p><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"aligncenter wp-image-143374\" src=\"https:\/\/pwonlyias.com\/stage\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/11\/1812-673b45d69a515.webp\" alt=\"Hypersonic missile\" width=\"701\" height=\"311\" srcset=\"https:\/\/pwonlyias.com\/stage\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/11\/1812-673b45d69a515.webp 1016w, https:\/\/pwonlyias.com\/stage\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/11\/1812-673b45d69a515-300x133.webp 300w, https:\/\/pwonlyias.com\/stage\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/11\/1812-673b45d69a515-768x341.webp 768w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 701px) 100vw, 701px\" \/><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><span class=\"vc_button\"><a href=\"https:\/\/store.pw.live\/govt-entrance-exams\/upsc-books\/upsc-modules?utm_source=SEO&#038;utm_medium=PW+Live&#038;utm_campaign=UPSC+Modules\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Check Out UPSC Modules From PW Store<\/span><\/a><\/span><\/p>\n<h2><span style=\"font-size: 18pt;\"><b>Types of Missiles: Based on Trajectory\u00a0<\/b><\/span><\/h2>\n<div class=\"vc_table_green\"><\/p>\n<table style=\"width: 99.5971%;\">\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"text-align: center; width: 50.0984%;\"><b>Ballistic Missile<\/b><\/td>\n<td style=\"text-align: center; width: 52.0641%;\"><b>Cruise Missile<\/b><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"width: 50.0984%;\">\n<ul>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">It takes a<\/span><b> ballistic trajectory<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> to deliver one or more warheads to a designated target.<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 52.0641%;\">\n<ul>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">It is a guided missile that <\/span><b>remains in the atmosphere <\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">and <\/span><b>travels at a steady speed <\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">for most of its flight path.<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"width: 50.0984%;\">\n<ul>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">The target has <\/span><b>already been decided.<\/b><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Suitable for<\/span><b> large targets.<\/b><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 52.0641%;\">\n<ul>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">The <\/span><b>target may be mobile.<\/b><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"width: 50.0984%;\">\n<ul>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Only guided for brief periods of flight, the rest of its trajectory is unpowered and <\/span><b>driven by gravity<\/b><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 52.0641%;\">\n<ul>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">They are <\/span><b>self-navigating<\/b><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"width: 50.0984%;\">\n<ul>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><b> High elevation <\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">makes it simple to follow<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 52.0641%;\">\n<ul>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Capable of flying at<\/span><b> incredibly low altitudes<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">, that makes tracking harder.<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"width: 50.0984%;\">\n<ul>\n<li aria-level=\"1\"><b>Example: Agni-V is India&#8217;s first Intercontinental Ballistic Missile(ICBM), with a range of around 5000-8000 km.<\/b><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 52.0641%;\">\n<ul>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><b>Example:<\/b> <b>BrahMos <\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">is the fastest supersonic missile of the world<\/span>\n<ul>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"2\"><b>BrahMos II,<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> the hypersonic cruise missile, is currently in the developing phase.\u00a0<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<p><\/div>\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><span class=\"vc_button\"><a href=\"https:\/\/pwonlyias.com\/stage\/list-of-indian-missiles\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Also Read: List of Indian Missiles<\/a><\/span><\/p>\n<div class=\"vc_table_green\"><\/p>\n<table style=\"width: 100.043%;\">\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"width: 130.811%; text-align: center; border-style: solid; border-color: #000000;\" colspan=\"2\"><span style=\"font-size: 18pt;\"><b>Must Read<\/b><\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"width: 50.5357%; text-align: center; border-style: solid; border-color: #000000;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/pwonlyias.com\/stage\/editorial-analysis\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">UPSC Daily Editorials<\/span><\/a><\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 80.2753%; text-align: center; border-style: solid; border-color: #000000;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/pwonlyias.com\/stage\/daily-current-affairs\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">UPSC Daily Current Affairs<\/span><\/a><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"width: 50.5357%; text-align: center; border-style: solid; border-color: #000000;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/store.pw.live\/govt-entrance-exams\/upsc-books\/upsc-textbooks?utm_source=SEO&#038;utm_medium=PW+Live&#038;utm_campaign=UPSC+Textbooks\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Check Out UPSC NCERT Textbooks From PW Store<\/span><\/a><\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 80.2753%; text-align: center; border-style: solid; border-color: #000000;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/store.pw.live\/govt-entrance-exams\/upsc-books\/upsc-modules?utm_source=SEO&#038;utm_medium=PW+Live&#038;utm_campaign=UPSC+Modules\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Check Out UPSC Modules From PW Store<\/span><\/a><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">\u00a0<\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"width: 50.5357%; text-align: center; border-style: solid; border-color: #000000;\"><a 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<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":11,"featured_media":143317,"menu_order":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"rank_math_lock_modified_date":false,"footnotes":""},"tags":[],"paper-wise":[2089],"subject":[2163],"acf":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/pwonlyias.com\/stage\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/current-affairs\/143377"}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/pwonlyias.com\/stage\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/current-affairs"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/pwonlyias.com\/stage\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/current-affairs"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/pwonlyias.com\/stage\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/11"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/pwonlyias.com\/stage\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=143377"}],"version-history":[{"count":4,"href":"https:\/\/pwonlyias.com\/stage\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/current-affairs\/143377\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":143516,"href":"https:\/\/pwonlyias.com\/stage\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/current-affairs\/143377\/revisions\/143516"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/pwonlyias.com\/stage\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/143317"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/pwonlyias.com\/stage\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=143377"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/pwonlyias.com\/stage\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=143377"},{"taxonomy":"paper-wise","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/pwonlyias.com\/stage\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/paper-wise?post=143377"},{"taxonomy":"subject","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/pwonlyias.com\/stage\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/subject?post=143377"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}