{"id":143383,"date":"2024-11-18T19:53:41","date_gmt":"2024-11-18T14:23:41","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/pwonlyias.com\/stage\/?post_type=current-affairs&#038;p=143383"},"modified":"2024-11-19T13:57:24","modified_gmt":"2024-11-19T08:27:24","slug":"co2-contributed-most-to-global-warming","status":"publish","type":"current-affairs","link":"https:\/\/pwonlyias.com\/stage\/current-affairs\/co2-contributed-most-to-global-warming","title":{"rendered":"Why CO2 has Contributed the Most to Global Warming ?"},"content":{"rendered":"<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">India\u2019s carbon dioxide (CO2) emissions from burning fossil fuels are expected to increase by 4.6% in 2024, the highest among major economies, according to a new report by Global Carbon Project.<\/span><\/p>\n<h2><span style=\"font-size: 18pt;\"><b>Key findings of the Report<\/b><\/span><\/h2>\n<ul>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><b>Highest Emission: <\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">India&#8217;s CO2 emissions from fossil fuels are expected to rise by <\/span><b>4.6% in 2024<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">, the highest among major economies.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><b>Global Emission: Global CO2 emissions are set<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> to reach a record <\/span><b>37.4 billion tonnes<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> in 2024, a 0.8% increase from 2023.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><b>Largest contributions to global fossil CO2 emissions in 2023:<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">\u00a0 China (31%), the USA (13%), India (8%), and the European Union (7%)<\/span>\n<ul>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"2\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">These four regions account for<\/span><b> 59% of global fossil CO2 emissions<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">, while the rest of the world contributed 41%.<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><b>Global Warming Warning<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">: At this rate, there\u2019s a 50% chance that global warming could exceed <\/span><b>1.5\u00b0C<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> in approximately six years.<\/span>\n<ul>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"2\"><b>Land and ocean CO2 sinks <\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">combined took around half of the total CO2 emissions<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><span class=\"vc_button\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.pw.live\/batches\/upsc?utm_source=seo+upsc+batch&#038;utm_medium=seo+upsc&#038;utm_campaign=seo&#038;utm_id=upsc\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Enroll now for UPSC Online Course<\/a><\/span><\/p>\n<h2><span style=\"font-size: 18pt;\"><b>About Global Carbon Project<\/b><\/span><\/h2>\n<ul>\n<li><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">The Global Carbon Project (GCP) is a <\/span><b>non-governmental organization <\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">that studies the carbon cycle and other biogeochemical cycles.\u00a0<\/span><\/li>\n<li><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">The GCP was established in<\/span><b> 2001 by the Earth System Science Partnership (ESSP).\u00a0<\/b><\/li>\n<li><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">It&#8217;s a core project of <\/span><b>Future Earth<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> and a research partner of the <\/span><b>World Climate Research Programme.\u00a0<\/b>\n<ul>\n<li><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">The GCP&#8217;s work is supported by hundreds of volunteer scientists.<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<li><b>The GCP&#8217;s goals include:\u00a0<\/b>\n<ul>\n<li><b>Quantifying greenhouse gas emissions: <\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">The GCP studies the causes and amounts of global greenhouse gas emissions.\u00a0<\/span><\/li>\n<li><b>Understanding the carbon cycle:<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> The GCP studies the carbon cycle and other biogeochemical cycles, including the interactions between humans and the biophysical system.\u00a0<\/span><\/li>\n<li><b>Supporting policy and action: <\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">The GCP&#8217;s research supports policy debate and action to reduce greenhouse gas emissions.\u00a0<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<li><b>The GCP&#8217;s projects include:<\/b><\/li>\n<li style=\"list-style-type: none;\">\n<ul>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"2\"><b>Global Carbon Budget<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">: An annual update on carbon budget and trends<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"2\"><b>Methane Budget:<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> A regular update on the global methane budget and trends<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"2\"><b>Global Carbon Atlas:<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> A platform to explore and visualise data on carbon fluxes\u00a0<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<div class=\"vc_table_green\"><\/p>\n<table style=\"width: 99.7979%;\">\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"width: 100%;\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"wp-image-143366 alignright\" src=\"https:\/\/pwonlyias.com\/stage\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/11\/84-673b45ddb8448.webp\" alt=\"Global warming\" width=\"401\" height=\"228\" srcset=\"https:\/\/pwonlyias.com\/stage\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/11\/84-673b45ddb8448.webp 512w, https:\/\/pwonlyias.com\/stage\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/11\/84-673b45ddb8448-300x171.webp 300w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 401px) 100vw, 401px\" \/><\/p>\n<h2><span style=\"font-size: 18pt;\"><b>Global warming<\/b><\/span><\/h2>\n<ul>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Global warming is a pressing <\/span><b>environmental issue<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> that has far-reaching implications for the <\/span><b>Earth\u2019s climate system<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">.\u00a0<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">It refers to the <\/span><b>long-term increase in average temperatures<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> due to the <\/span><b>accumulation of greenhouse gasses<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> (GHGs) in the atmosphere.\u00a0<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">This rise in temperature has <\/span><b>several effects on global climate patterns<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">, including increased frequency and intensity of extreme weather events, melting glaciers and polar ice caps, rising sea levels, and disruptions to ecosystems.<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<p><\/div>\n<h2><span style=\"font-size: 18pt;\"><b>CO2\u2019s Role in Global Warming<\/b><\/span><\/h2>\n<p><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"wp-image-143367 alignright\" src=\"https:\/\/pwonlyias.com\/stage\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/11\/185-673b45dc1970b.webp\" alt=\"Global warming\" width=\"451\" height=\"445\" srcset=\"https:\/\/pwonlyias.com\/stage\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/11\/185-673b45dc1970b.webp 705w, https:\/\/pwonlyias.com\/stage\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/11\/185-673b45dc1970b-300x296.webp 300w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 451px) 100vw, 451px\" \/><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><b>Primary Driver<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">: CO2 is responsible for approximately <\/span><b>70% of global warming<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><b>Radiative Forcing (RF)<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">: CO2 has the highest positive RF among climate drivers, as per the <\/span><b>IPCC 2013 report<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><b>Increase Since Industrial Revolution<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">:<\/span>\n<ul>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"2\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">CO2 levels have increased by <\/span><b>50%<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> since 1750.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"2\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Now, atmospheric CO2 is <\/span><b>150%<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> of pre-industrial levels (NASA data).<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h2><span style=\"font-size: 18pt;\"><b>Reasons for CO2\u2019s Dominant Impact<\/b><\/span><\/h2>\n<ul>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><b>Abundance<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">: CO2 is more abundant in the atmosphere compared to CH4 and HFCs.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><b>Longevity<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">: CO2 remains in the atmosphere longer:<\/span>\n<ul>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"2\"><b>CH4<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">: Leaves the atmosphere in about a decade (converts to CO2).<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"2\"><b>CO2<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">: 40% stays for <\/span><b>100 years<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">, 20% for <\/span><b>1000 years<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">, and 10% for up to <\/span><b>10,000 years<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"2\"><b>N2O<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">: Stays for about <\/span><b>a century<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">.<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><b>Potency vs. Impact<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">:<\/span>\n<ul>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"2\"><b>CH4<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> is <\/span><b>80 times more potent<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> than CO2, and HFCs are thousands of times more powerful, but CO2\u2019s sheer volume makes it the most impactful.<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"aligncenter wp-image-143368\" src=\"https:\/\/pwonlyias.com\/stage\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/11\/186-673b45dc0a23a.webp\" alt=\"Global warming\" width=\"751\" height=\"341\" srcset=\"https:\/\/pwonlyias.com\/stage\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/11\/186-673b45dc0a23a.webp 1063w, https:\/\/pwonlyias.com\/stage\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/11\/186-673b45dc0a23a-300x136.webp 300w, https:\/\/pwonlyias.com\/stage\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/11\/186-673b45dc0a23a-1024x464.webp 1024w, https:\/\/pwonlyias.com\/stage\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/11\/186-673b45dc0a23a-768x348.webp 768w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 751px) 100vw, 751px\" \/><\/p>\n<h2><span style=\"font-size: 18pt;\"><b>About Greenhouse Gases<\/b><\/span><\/h2>\n<ul>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Greenhouse gases are a <\/span><b>type of atmospheric gases<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> that have the <\/span><b>capability of raising the surface temperature<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> by absorbing solar radiation.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><b>Types<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">: Carbon dioxide, methane, ozone, nitrous oxide, chlorofluorocarbons, and water vapor.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><b>Effects:<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> The greenhouse effect, which is c<\/span><b>aused by greenhouse gases<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">, is a natural phenomenon that is necessary for life to thrive on earth.<\/span>\n<ul>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"2\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">However, if the greenhouse effect is <\/span><b>amplified more than that is necessary<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">, it leads to a phenomenon known as global warming.<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><b>Sources: <\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">The amount of carbon dioxide and other radiation absorbing gases have increased due to anthropogenic activities such as industrial and vehicular emissions, paddy cultivation, fossil fuel extraction etc.<\/span>\n<ul>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"2\"><b>Excessive emission<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> of these greenhouse gases reduces the ability of the earth to sequester them naturally, leading to global warming.<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><span class=\"vc_button\"><a href=\"https:\/\/store.pw.live\/govt-entrance-exams\/upsc-books?utm_source=SEO&#038;utm_medium=PW+Live&#038;utm_campaign=UPSC+CSE+Books\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Check Out UPSC CSE Books From PW Store<\/span><\/a><\/span><\/p>\n<p><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"aligncenter wp-image-143369\" src=\"https:\/\/pwonlyias.com\/stage\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/11\/187-673b45da54077.webp\" alt=\"Global warming\" width=\"750\" height=\"472\" srcset=\"https:\/\/pwonlyias.com\/stage\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/11\/187-673b45da54077.webp 718w, https:\/\/pwonlyias.com\/stage\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/11\/187-673b45da54077-300x189.webp 300w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 750px) 100vw, 750px\" \/><\/p>\n<h2><span style=\"font-size: 18pt;\"><b>Effects of Greenhouse Gases<\/b><\/span><\/h2>\n<ul>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><b>Warming of Earth: <\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Due to greenhouse gases, the sun\u2019s heat gets trapped in Earth\u2019s atmosphere. This process makes Earth much warmer.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><b>Melting of Polar Ice: <\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Due to rise in global temperatures, polar ice gets melted. This could affect Earth\u2019s climate drastically.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><b>Depletion of Corals:<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> Rise in sea surface temperatures could harm the survival of corals, which are vulnerable to hot temperatures.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><b>Rise in Sea Levels:<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> The melting of polar ice could lead to rise in sea levels, which could inundate low lying coastal areas.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><b>Climate Vagaries:<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> Climate change, which is a consequence of the greenhouse effect, will create vagaries in climate. It could lead to disasters such as cyclones, floods, landslides etc.<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h2><span style=\"font-size: 18pt;\"><b>Greenhouse Gas Control Strategies<\/b><\/span><\/h2>\n<ul>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><b>Electric Vehicles:<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> It will reduce emission of greenhouse gases such as carbon dioxide.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><b>Promoting Renewable Energy:<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> Renewable energy sources such as solar, wind, biofuel, tidal etc must be promoted to reduce dependency on coal.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><b>Afforestation: <\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Growing trees will lead to sequestration of carbon.<\/span>\n<ul>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"2\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">This will keep the concentration of carbon dioxide in the atmosphere in check.<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><b>Climate-friendly Agriculture:<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> Crops that emit methane must be avoided. If it is not possible, then methane footprint must be reduced.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><b>Geoengineering: <\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">The method such as carbon capture allows artificial reduction of carbon dioxide concentration in the atmosphere.<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<div class=\"vc_table_green\"><\/p>\n<table style=\"width: 100.043%;\">\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"width: 130.811%; text-align: center; border-style: solid; border-color: #000000;\" colspan=\"2\"><span style=\"font-size: 18pt;\"><b>Must Read<\/b><\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"width: 50.5357%; text-align: center; border-style: solid; border-color: #000000;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/pwonlyias.com\/stage\/editorial-analysis\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">UPSC Daily Editorials<\/span><\/a><\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 80.2753%; text-align: center; border-style: solid; border-color: #000000;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/pwonlyias.com\/stage\/daily-current-affairs\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">UPSC Daily Current Affairs<\/span><\/a><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"width: 50.5357%; 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