{"id":144534,"date":"2024-11-26T20:00:03","date_gmt":"2024-11-26T14:30:03","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/pwonlyias.com\/stage\/?post_type=current-affairs&#038;p=144534"},"modified":"2024-11-26T20:00:03","modified_gmt":"2024-11-26T14:30:03","slug":"arrest-warrant-against-israel-pm-netanyahu","status":"publish","type":"current-affairs","link":"https:\/\/pwonlyias.com\/stage\/current-affairs\/arrest-warrant-against-israel-pm-netanyahu","title":{"rendered":"Arrest Warrant against Israel PM Netanyahu"},"content":{"rendered":"<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Recently, Israel and its allies denounced the International Criminal Court&#8217;s decision to issue an arrest warrant for Israeli Prime Minister Benjamin Netanyahu.<\/span><\/p>\n<h2><span style=\"font-size: 18pt;\"><b>Key Highlights on the Arrest Warrant<\/b><\/span><\/h2>\n<ul>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><b>ICC Arrest Warrants<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">: The International Criminal Court issued arrest warrants for Israeli Prime Minister Benjamin Netanyahu, Defense Minister Yoav Gallant, and Hamas leader Mohammed Deif, sparking international debate.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><b>Support to the Warrant:<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> United Kingdom and Canada said that they would &#8220;abide&#8221; by the arrest warrant issued against Israeli Prime Minister Benjamin Netanyahu by the International Criminal Court (ICC).<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><b>Continued Hostilities<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">: The violence reflects escalating tensions between Israel, Gaza, and neighboring regions, intensifying the humanitarian crisis.<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><span class=\"vc_button\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.pw.live\/batches\/upsc\/pw-only-ias?utm_source=seo+upsc+batch&#038;utm_medium=seo+upsc&#038;utm_campaign=seo&#038;utm_id=upsc\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Enroll now for UPSC Online Classes<\/a><\/span><\/p>\n<h2><span style=\"font-size: 18pt;\"><b>About the International Criminal Court (ICC)<\/b><\/span><\/h2>\n<ul>\n<li><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">The International Criminal Court (ICC) is the<\/span><b> first permanent international court <\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">established to investigate and prosecute individuals accused of <\/span><b>serious international crimes.<\/b><\/li>\n<li><b>Establishment and Headquarters<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">: <\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">The ICC was adopted by 120 states on <\/span><b>July 17, 1998<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">, through the <\/span><b>Rome Statute<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">, and officially took effect on <\/span><b>July 1, 2002<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">.\u00a0<\/span><\/li>\n<li><b>Headquarters:<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> The Hague, Netherlands.<\/span><\/li>\n<li><b>Jurisdiction: <\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">The <\/span><b>Rome Statute<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> grants the ICC jurisdiction over four main crimes:<\/span>\n<ul>\n<li><b>Genocide<\/b><\/li>\n<li><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"wp-image-144517 alignright\" src=\"https:\/\/pwonlyias.com\/stage\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/11\/266-6745d4873b7fc.webp\" alt=\"Arrest Warrant\" width=\"450\" height=\"195\" srcset=\"https:\/\/pwonlyias.com\/stage\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/11\/266-6745d4873b7fc.webp 1083w, https:\/\/pwonlyias.com\/stage\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/11\/266-6745d4873b7fc-300x130.webp 300w, https:\/\/pwonlyias.com\/stage\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/11\/266-6745d4873b7fc-1024x444.webp 1024w, https:\/\/pwonlyias.com\/stage\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/11\/266-6745d4873b7fc-768x333.webp 768w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 450px) 100vw, 450px\" \/><b>War crimes<\/b><\/li>\n<li><b>Crimes against humanity<\/b><\/li>\n<li><b>The crime of aggression<\/b><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">The ICC can only deal with crimes committed on or after <\/span><b>July 1, 2002<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><b>Membership:<\/b> <span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">The ICC has 124 member states. However, several major countries, including <\/span><b>India, the United States, China, Russia, and Israel<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">, are not parties to the Rome Statute.<\/span>\n<ul>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"2\"><b>Palestine<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> became the 123rd member in 2015.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"2\"><b>Malaysia<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> became the 124th member in 2019.<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><b>Languages:<\/b> <span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">The ICC operates in six official languages: <\/span><b>English, French, Arabic, Chinese, Russian, and Spanish<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><b>Enforcement:<\/b> <span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">The ICC\u2019s decisions are binding; however, it lacks its own police force. The enforcement of its decisions relies heavily on <\/span><b>state cooperation<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">, which is critical for the arrest and surrender of suspects.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><b>Relation with the United Nations:<\/b> <span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">The ICC is<\/span><b> not a United Nations organization <\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">but maintains a <\/span><b>cooperation agreement<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> with the UN.<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h2><span style=\"font-size: 18pt;\"><b>Immunity under the Rome Statute<\/b><\/span><\/h2>\n<ul>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><b>General Rule (Article 27): <\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Under Article 27 of the Rome Statute, no individual, including a head of state or government, is immune from prosecution before the ICC.<\/span>\n<ul>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"2\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">The principle emphasizes equality before the court, ensuring that no official capacity grants immunity.<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><b>Exception (Article 98(1)):<\/b> <span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">An exception to Article 27 exists for officials from states that are <\/span><b>not members of the ICC<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">, such as Israel.<\/span>\n<ul>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"2\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">ICC member states cannot be compelled to arrest or surrender such officials if it conflicts with their <\/span><b>international obligations<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> regarding immunity.<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><b>Acceptance of Jurisdiction (Article 12(3)):<\/b> <span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Article 12(3) of the Rome Statute provides that a state not party to the Statute can accept the court\u2019s jurisdiction over a specific crime.<\/span>\n<ul>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"2\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">The state must make a <\/span><b>declaration to the Registrar<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> and agree to cooperate with the ICC without delay or exception.<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h2><span style=\"font-size: 18pt;\"><b>Key Features of ICC rulings<\/b><\/span><\/h2>\n<ul>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><b>Binding Decisions<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">: The ICC\u2019s rulings must be upheld by its members.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><b>Limited Enforcement Mechanisms<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">: Without its own police force, the ICC depends on the willingness of states to enforce its decisions.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><b>Independent Status<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">: While not part of the UN, it collaborates with the organization under a formal agreement.<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><span class=\"vc_button\"><a href=\"https:\/\/store.pw.live\/govt-entrance-exams\/upsc-books\/upsc-textbooks?utm_source=SEO&#038;utm_medium=PW+Live&#038;utm_campaign=UPSC+Textbooks\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Check Out UPSC NCERT Textbooks From PW Store<\/span><\/a><\/span><\/p>\n<h2><span style=\"font-size: 18pt;\"><b>ICJ Vs ICC<\/b><\/span><\/h2>\n<div class=\"vc_table_green\"><\/p>\n<table style=\"width: 99.2972%;\">\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"width: 17.1687%; text-align: center;\"><b>Aspect<\/b><\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 39.1566%; text-align: center;\"><b>International Court of Justice (ICJ)<\/b><\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 43.8861%; text-align: center;\"><b>International Criminal Court (ICC)<\/b><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"width: 17.1687%;\"><b>Established in<\/b><\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 39.1566%;\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">1946<\/span><\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 43.8861%;\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">2002<\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"width: 17.1687%;\"><b>Authority derived from<\/b><\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 39.1566%;\">\n<ul>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">States that ratify the UN Charter become parties to the ICJ Statute.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Non-UN member states can also become parties to the ICJ by ratifying the ICJ Statute.<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 43.8861%;\">\n<ul>\n<li><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Rome Statute (Signed by 139 countries, and 123 have ratified it.)<\/span><\/li>\n<li><b>India is not a signatory to the Rome Statute.<\/b><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"width: 17.1687%;\"><b>Relationship with UN<\/b><\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 39.1566%;\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Official Court of UN<\/span><\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 43.8861%;\">\n<ul>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Independent<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">UNSC may refer cases to ICC<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"width: 17.1687%;\"><b>Headquarters<\/b><\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 39.1566%;\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">The Hague, Netherlands<\/span><\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 43.8861%;\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">The Hague, Netherlands<\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"width: 17.1687%;\"><b>Type of Court<\/b><\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 39.1566%;\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Civil court<\/span><\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 43.8861%;\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Criminal Court<\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"width: 17.1687%;\"><b>Jurisdiction<\/b><\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 39.1566%;\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">UN Member States (i.e. National Governments)<\/span><\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 43.8861%;\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Individuals<\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"width: 17.1687%;\"><b>Scope of Work<\/b><\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 39.1566%;\">\n<ul>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Legal disputes between parties<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Provides advisory opinions<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 43.8861%;\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Criminal prosecution of individuals<\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"width: 17.1687%;\"><b>Subject Matter<\/b><\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 39.1566%;\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Sovereignty, boundary disputes, maritime disputes, trade, natural resources, human rights, treaty violations, treaty interpretation, etc.<\/span><\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 43.8861%;\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Genocide, crimes against humanity, war crimes, crimes of aggression.<\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"width: 17.1687%;\"><b>Funding<\/b><\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 39.1566%;\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Funded by UN<\/span><\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 43.8861%;\">\n<ul>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Contribution from state parties to the Rome Statute,<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Voluntary contributions from the UN, governments, international organizations, individuals, corporations and other entities.<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"width: 17.1687%;\"><b>Is India a member?<\/b><\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 39.1566%;\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Yes<\/span><\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 43.8861%;\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">No<\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<p><\/div>\n<div class=\"vc_table_green\"><\/p>\n<table style=\"width: 99.6375%;\">\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"width: 111.19%; text-align: center;\" colspan=\"2\"><span style=\"font-size: 18pt;\"><b>Also Read<\/b><\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"width: 49.797%; text-align: center;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/pwonlyias.com\/stage\/editorial-analysis\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"><b>UPSC Daily Editorials<\/b><\/a><\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 61.393%; text-align: center;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/pwonlyias.com\/stage\/daily-current-affairs\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"><b>UPSC Daily Current Affairs<\/b><\/a><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"width: 49.797%; text-align: center;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/pwonlyias.com\/stage\/quiz\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"><b>Daily Current Affairs Quiz<\/b><\/a><\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 61.393%; text-align: center;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/pwonlyias.com\/stage\/mains-answer-writing\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"><b>Daily Main Answer Writing<\/b><\/a><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"width: 49.797%; text-align: center;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/store.pw.live\/govt-entrance-exams\/upsc-books\/upsc-previous-year-papers?utm_source=SEO&#038;utm_medium=PW+Live&#038;utm_campaign=UPSC+Previous+Year+Papers\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"><b>Check Out Previous Years Papers From PW Store<\/b><\/a><\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 61.393%; text-align: center;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/pwonlyias.com\/stage\/upsc-test-series-courses\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"><b>UPSC Test Series<\/b><\/a><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"width: 49.797%; text-align: center;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/store.pw.live\/govt-entrance-exams\/upsc-books\/upsc-textbooks?utm_source=SEO&#038;utm_medium=PW+Live&#038;utm_campaign=UPSC+Textbooks\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"><b>Check Out UPSC NCERT Textbooks From PW Store<\/b><\/a><\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 61.393%; text-align: center;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/store.pw.live\/govt-entrance-exams\/upsc-books\/upsc-modules?utm_source=SEO&#038;utm_medium=PW+Live&#038;utm_campaign=UPSC+Modules\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"><b>Check Out UPSC Modules From PW Store<\/b><\/a><b>\u00a0<\/b><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<p><\/div>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Israel and its allies denounced the International Criminal Court&#8217;s decision to issue an arrest warrant for Israeli Prime Minister Benjamin Netanyahu.<br \/>\nKey Highlights on the Arrest Warrant:<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":11,"featured_media":144519,"menu_order":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"rank_math_lock_modified_date":false,"footnotes":""},"tags":[],"paper-wise":[2084],"subject":[2102],"acf":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/pwonlyias.com\/stage\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/current-affairs\/144534"}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/pwonlyias.com\/stage\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/current-affairs"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/pwonlyias.com\/stage\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/current-affairs"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/pwonlyias.com\/stage\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/11"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/pwonlyias.com\/stage\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=144534"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"https:\/\/pwonlyias.com\/stage\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/current-affairs\/144534\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":144537,"href":"https:\/\/pwonlyias.com\/stage\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/current-affairs\/144534\/revisions\/144537"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/pwonlyias.com\/stage\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/144519"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/pwonlyias.com\/stage\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=144534"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/pwonlyias.com\/stage\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=144534"},{"taxonomy":"paper-wise","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/pwonlyias.com\/stage\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/paper-wise?post=144534"},{"taxonomy":"subject","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/pwonlyias.com\/stage\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/subject?post=144534"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}