{"id":147194,"date":"2024-12-16T19:27:50","date_gmt":"2024-12-16T13:57:50","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/pwonlyias.com\/stage\/?post_type=current-affairs&#038;p=147194"},"modified":"2024-12-16T19:27:50","modified_gmt":"2024-12-16T13:57:50","slug":"polavaram-project","status":"publish","type":"current-affairs","link":"https:\/\/pwonlyias.com\/stage\/current-affairs\/polavaram-project","title":{"rendered":"Polavaram Project"},"content":{"rendered":"<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">The<\/span><b> Biju Janata Dal (BJD)<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> has intensified its opposition to the Polavaram Project, highlighting its potential adverse effects on tribal communities in <\/span><b>Odisha\u2019s Malkangiri district.<\/b><\/p>\n<h2><span style=\"font-size: 18pt;\"><b>About the Polavaram Project<\/b><\/span><\/h2>\n<p><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"wp-image-147151 alignright\" src=\"https:\/\/pwonlyias.com\/stage\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/12\/168-67601d9b87fe6.webp\" alt=\"Polavaram Project\" width=\"450\" height=\"469\" srcset=\"https:\/\/pwonlyias.com\/stage\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/12\/168-67601d9b87fe6.webp 698w, https:\/\/pwonlyias.com\/stage\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/12\/168-67601d9b87fe6-288x300.webp 288w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 450px) 100vw, 450px\" \/><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">The Polavaram Irrigation Project is being built on the <\/span><b>Godavari River.<\/b>\n<ul>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"2\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">It has been<\/span><b> accorded national project status <\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">by the union government in 2014.<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">It was conceived as part of the <\/span><b>Godavari Water Disputes Tribunal (GWDT)<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> recommendations and declared a national project under the<\/span><b> Andhra Pradesh State Reorganization Act, 2014.<\/b><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Initially agreed upon in an<\/span><b> interstate agreement (1980)<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> between<\/span><b> Andhra Pradesh, Madhya Pradesh, and Odisha, <\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">the project is<\/span><b> being executed by Andhra Pradesh.<\/b>\n<ul>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"2\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">The Reservoir also spreads to<\/span><b> Telangana, Odisha, and Chhattisgarh.<\/b><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">The Union government has allocated <\/span><b>\u20b915,000 crore<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> for its completion in the <\/span><b>2024 budget.<\/b><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><b>Purpose: <\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">To provide irrigation benefits, generate hydropower, and support interlinking of rivers for water distribution.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><b>Displacement of Konda Reddis and Koya Tribes<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">: The <\/span><b>Konda Reddis<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> (a Particularly Vulnerable Tribal Group) and <\/span><b>Koya tribes<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> in the <\/span><b>Godavari region<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> have been displaced due to the Polavaram Project, are now deprived of their livelihood.<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><span class=\"vc_button\"><a href=\"https:\/\/store.pw.live\/govt-entrance-exams\/upsc-books\/upsc-modules?utm_source=SEO&#038;utm_medium=PW+Live&#038;utm_campaign=UPSC+Modules\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Check Out UPSC Modules From PW Store<\/span><\/a><\/span><\/p>\n<h3><span style=\"font-size: 16pt;\"><b>Criteria for declaring an irrigation project as a National Project in India<\/b><\/span><\/h3>\n<ul>\n<li><b>International Projects:<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> Involving water usage dictated by treaties or crucial for national interest.<\/span><\/li>\n<li><b>Inter-State Projects: <\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Facing delays due to unresolved issues like cost sharing, rehabilitation, or power generation, including river interlinking projects.<\/span><\/li>\n<li><b>Intra-State Projects:<\/b>\n<ul>\n<li><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Creating new irrigation potential exceeding 2 lakh hectares.<\/span><\/li>\n<li><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">No water-sharing disputes.<\/span><\/li>\n<li><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Established hydrology.<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<li><b>Extension, Renovation &#038; Modernization (ERM) Projects:<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> Aiming to extend\/restore irrigation potential of at least 2 lakh hectares.<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><b>Important Note: <\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Meeting these criteria doesn&#8217;t automatically guarantee National Project status. It also\u00a0 requires approval of the Advisory Committee on Irrigation, Flood Control and Multipurpose projects of <\/span><b>DoWR, RD&#038;GR <\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">as per laid down procedure, investment clearance, recommendations by the High Powered Steering Committee, availability of funds as well as Government priorities at that time, etc.<\/span><\/p>\n<div class=\"vc_table_green\"><\/p>\n<table style=\"width: 99.498%;\">\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<th style=\"width: 100%; border-style: solid; border-color: #000000; background-color: rgba(184, 165, 217, 0.53); text-align: left; vertical-align: middle;\">\n<h3><span style=\"font-size: 16pt; color: #000000;\"><b>About Konda Reddis<\/b><\/span><\/h3>\n<ul>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"color: #000000;\"><b>Geographical Distribution:<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> The Konda Reddi tribe is found in the states of Andhra Pradesh, Telangana, Tamil Nadu, and Odisha.<\/span><\/span>\n<ul>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"2\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400; color: #000000;\">It is classified as a Particularly Vulnerable Tribal Group (PVTG) and primarily inhabits the banks of the Godavari River in Andhra Pradesh.<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"color: #000000;\"><b>Language<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">: The Konda Reddis speak<\/span><b> Telugu with a distinctive accent unique to their community.<\/b><\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"color: #000000;\"><b>Religion<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">: Their religious beliefs align with Folk Hinduism, characterized by local traditions and the worship of community-level deities.<\/span><\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"color: #000000;\"><b>Family Structure: <\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">The tribe follows a patriarchal and patrilocal family system, where family lineage and residence are centered around male members.<\/span><\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"color: #000000;\"><b>Housing<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">: The Konda Reddis have developed a unique circular-shaped architecture for their houses.<\/span><\/span>\n<ul>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"2\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400; color: #000000;\">These houses, built with circular mud walls and thatched roofs, resemble the Bhunga architecture of Gujarat\u2019s Kachchh region.<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h3><span style=\"font-size: 16pt; color: #000000;\"><b>About Koya Tribe<\/b><\/span><\/h3>\n<ul>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"color: #000000;\"><b>Geographical Distribution:<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> The Koya tribe is a multi-racial and multi-lingual community found in forests, plains, and valleys on both sides of the Godavari River.<\/span><\/span>\n<ul>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"2\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400; color: #000000;\">They primarily reside in Andhra Pradesh, Telangana, Chhattisgarh, and Odisha.<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"color: #000000;\"><b>Language:<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> The Koya people speak th<\/span><b>e Koya language,<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> also known as<\/span><b> Koyi, <\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">which is part of the Dravidian language family.<\/span><\/span>\n<ul>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"2\"><span style=\"color: #000000;\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">It is closely<\/span><b> related to Gondi <\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">and has significant Telugu influences.<\/span><\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"color: #000000;\"><b>Festivals:<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> The Koya tribe celebrates the Sammakka Saralamma Jatra, held once every two years on the full moon day of Magha Masam (January or February).<\/span><\/span>\n<ul>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"2\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400; color: #000000;\">This festival takes place at Medaram village in Mulug taluk, Warangal district.<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"color: #000000;\"><b>Social Structure<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">: Every Koya individual belongs to one of the five sub-divisions known as gotrams.<\/span><\/span>\n<ul>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"2\"><span style=\"color: #000000;\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">A Koya person is<\/span><b> born into a clan<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">, and they remain associated with it for life.<\/span><\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/th>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<p><\/div>\n<div class=\"vc_table_green\"><\/p>\n<table style=\"width: 99.6375%;\">\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"width: 111.19%; text-align: center;\" colspan=\"2\"><span style=\"font-size: 18pt;\"><b>Also Read<\/b><\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"width: 49.797%; text-align: center;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/pwonlyias.com\/stage\/editorial-analysis\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"><b>UPSC Daily Editorials<\/b><\/a><\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 61.393%; 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