{"id":147209,"date":"2024-12-16T19:37:44","date_gmt":"2024-12-16T14:07:44","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/pwonlyias.com\/stage\/?post_type=current-affairs&#038;p=147209"},"modified":"2024-12-16T19:37:44","modified_gmt":"2024-12-16T14:07:44","slug":"cotton-production","status":"publish","type":"current-affairs","link":"https:\/\/pwonlyias.com\/stage\/current-affairs\/cotton-production","title":{"rendered":"Cotton Production"},"content":{"rendered":"<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">India&#8217;s imports of<\/span><b> Supima cotton<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">, an<\/span><b> extra-long staple (ELS) cotton <\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">exported by the U.S., have been rising following the<\/span><b> removal of import duty on ELS cotton <\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">earlier this year.<\/span><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Previously, an 11% import duty on cotton was imposed in the 2021-2022 Union Budget.<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<div class=\"vc_table_green\"><\/p>\n<table style=\"width: 99.4955%;\">\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<th style=\"width: 100%; border-style: solid; border-color: #000000; background-color: rgba(184, 165, 217, 0.53); text-align: left; vertical-align: middle;\">\n<h3><span style=\"font-size: 16pt; color: #000000;\"><b>Extra Long Staple (ELS) cotton<\/b><\/span><\/h3>\n<ul>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"color: #000000;\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">ELS cotton refers to cotton fibers with a length exceeding <\/span><b>1 3\/8 inches<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> or <\/span><b>34.925 mm<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">.<\/span><\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400; color: #000000;\">This makes it significantly longer than regular cotton fibers.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400; color: #000000;\">ELS cotton is prized for its exceptional softness, strength, and uniformity, leading to superior fabric quality.\u00a0<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"color: #000000;\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">It&#8217;s commonly<\/span><b> used in high-end textiles like luxury apparel, fine linens, and medical products.<\/b><\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/th>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<p><\/div>\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><span class=\"vc_button\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.pw.live\/batches\/upsc?utm_source=seo+upsc+batch&#038;utm_medium=seo+upsc&#038;utm_campaign=seo&#038;utm_id=upsc\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Enroll now for UPSC Online Course<\/a><\/span><\/p>\n<h2><span style=\"font-size: 18pt;\"><b>Key Highlights on the rise in Import<\/b><\/span><\/h2>\n<ul>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><b>Demand vs. Shortage:<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> India imports 60,000\u20132,00,000 bales of Supima cotton annually to address a shortage of ELS cotton domestically.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><b>Global Pricing Pressure:<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> U.S. Pima cotton farmers are facing challenges breaking even, potentially leading to higher prices to sustain cultivation.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><b>Competing Supplies:<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> While U.S. cotton exports to India grew, its market share declined due to increased imports from Australia, Brazil, and West Africa.<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h2><span style=\"font-size: 18pt;\"><b>About Cotton Cultivation (White-Gold)<\/b><\/span><\/h2>\n<p><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"wp-image-147148 alignright\" src=\"https:\/\/pwonlyias.com\/stage\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/12\/165-67601d9e57ceb.webp\" alt=\"Cotton Production\" width=\"501\" height=\"421\" srcset=\"https:\/\/pwonlyias.com\/stage\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/12\/165-67601d9e57ceb.webp 877w, https:\/\/pwonlyias.com\/stage\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/12\/165-67601d9e57ceb-300x252.webp 300w, https:\/\/pwonlyias.com\/stage\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/12\/165-67601d9e57ceb-768x645.webp 768w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 501px) 100vw, 501px\" \/><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><b>Tropical Crop:<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> Cotton is a tropical crop grown during the kharif season in semi-arid regions of India.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><b>Temperature and Rainfall:<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> The crop thrives in temperatures ranging between<\/span><b> 21\u00b0C and 30\u00b0C<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> and requires annual rainfall of<\/span><b> 50\u201375 cm.<\/b><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><b>Soil Types:<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> Cotton grows in diverse soils:<\/span>\n<ul>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"2\"><b>Well-drained deep alluvial soils<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> in northern India.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"2\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Variable-depth <\/span><b>black clayey soils<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> in central India.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"2\"><b>Mixed black and red soils<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> in the southern regions.<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><b>Sensitivity:<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> While cotton exhibits some tolerance to salinity, it is highly<\/span><b> sensitive to waterlogging<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">, necessitating well-drained soils.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><b>Climate Requirements:<\/b>\n<ul>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"2\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Clear skies are essential during the <\/span><b>flowering stage.<\/b><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"2\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Cotton requires approximately <\/span><b>210 frost-free days <\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">and grows well in mineral-rich black lava soil (regur soil).<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h2><span style=\"font-size: 18pt;\"><b>India&#8217;s Position in Cotton Production<\/b><\/span><\/h2>\n<ul>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><b>Global Production:<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> India is the<\/span><b> second-largest producer of cotton globally, <\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">with an estimated production of<\/span><b> 323.11 lakh bales<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> in the 2023-24 season, accounting for<\/span><b> 23.83% of the world&#8217;s cotton production ( 1429 lakh bales).<\/b><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><b>Area Under Cultivation:<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> India ranks first globally in the area under cotton cultivation, contributing 39% of the world\u2019s total cotton area of 318.8 lakh hectares.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><b>Irrigated vs Rain-fed Areas:<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> Around 67% of India\u2019s cotton is grown in rain-fed areas, while 33% is cultivated in irrigated regions.<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><span class=\"vc_button\"><a href=\"https:\/\/store.pw.live\/govt-entrance-exams\/upsc-books\/upsc-textbooks?utm_source=SEO&#038;utm_medium=PW+Live&#038;utm_campaign=UPSC+Textbooks\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Check Out UPSC NCERT Textbooks From PW Store<\/span><\/a><\/span><\/p>\n<div class=\"vc_table_green\"><\/p>\n<table style=\"width: 99.4362%;\">\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"width: 15.5629%; text-align: center;\"><b>State<\/b><\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 26.6004%; text-align: center;\"><b>2020-21 (in Lakh Bales)<\/b><\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 26.6004%; text-align: center;\"><b>2021-22 (in Lakh Bales)<\/b><\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 40.9879%; text-align: center;\"><b>2022-23 (P) (in Lakh Bales)<\/b><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"width: 15.5629%;\"><b>Maharashtra<\/b><\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 26.6004%;\"><b>101.05<\/b><\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 26.6004%;\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">71.18<\/span><\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 40.9879%;\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">80.25<\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"width: 15.5629%;\"><b>Gujarat<\/b><\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 26.6004%;\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">72.18<\/span><\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 26.6004%;\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">74.82<\/span><\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 40.9879%;\"><b>91.83<\/b><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"width: 15.5629%;\"><b>Telangana<\/b><\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 26.6004%;\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">57.97<\/span><\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 26.6004%;\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">60.67<\/span><\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 40.9879%;\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">53.25<\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"width: 15.5629%;\"><b>Rajasthan<\/b><\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 26.6004%;\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">32.07<\/span><\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 26.6004%;\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">24.81<\/span><\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 40.9879%;\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">27.12<\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"width: 15.5629%;\"><b>Karnataka<\/b><\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 26.6004%;\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">23.20<\/span><\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 26.6004%;\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">19.50<\/span><\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 40.9879%;\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">21.04<\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<p><\/div>\n<h2><span style=\"font-size: 18pt;\"><b>Major Cotton-Producing Zones and States in India<\/b><\/span><\/h2>\n<ul>\n<li><b>Largest Producing Zone (2022-23):<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> The Central Zone, comprising Gujarat, Maharashtra, and Madhya Pradesh, is the largest cotton-producing zone in India.<\/span><\/li>\n<li><b>Top Producing States:<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> Gujarat is the largest producer of cotton, followed by Maharashtra and Telangana.<\/span><\/li>\n<li><b>Zones for Cotton Cultivation:<\/b><\/li>\n<li style=\"list-style-type: none;\">\n<ul>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"2\"><b>Northern Zone:<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> Punjab, Haryana, and Rajasthan.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"2\"><b>Central Zone:<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> Gujarat, Maharashtra, and Madhya Pradesh.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"2\"><b>Southern Zone:<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> Telangana, Andhra Pradesh, and Karnataka.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"2\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Cotton is also cultivated in<\/span><b> Odisha <\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">and<\/span><b> Tamil Nadu.<\/b><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h2><span style=\"font-size: 18pt;\"><b>Types Of Cotton Produced in India:<\/b><\/span><\/h2>\n<ul>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">India is unique in cultivating all four cotton species.<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<div class=\"vc_table_green\"><\/p>\n<table style=\"width: 99.5959%;\">\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"text-align: center; width: 19.4779%;\"><b>Type<\/b><\/td>\n<td style=\"text-align: center; width: 27.7108%;\"><b>Native to<\/b><\/td>\n<td style=\"text-align: center; width: 54.2825%;\"><b>Feature<\/b><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"width: 19.4779%;\"><b>Gossypium arboreum<\/b><\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 27.7108%;\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">India &#038; Pakistan<\/span><\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 54.2825%;\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Tree cotton, shorter staple, coarse fiber<\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"width: 19.4779%;\"><b>Gossypium herbaceum<\/b><\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 27.7108%;\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">India, Southern Africa &#038; Arabian Peninsula<\/span><\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 54.2825%;\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Levant cotton, shorter staple, coarse fiber<\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"width: 19.4779%;\"><b>Gossypium hirsutum<\/b><\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 27.7108%;\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Central America, Mexico<\/span><\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 54.2825%;\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Upland cotton, most widely cultivated<\/span><b>, 90% of Indian production<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">,<\/span><b> basis for Bt cotton<\/b><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"width: 19.4779%;\"><b>Gossypium barbadense<\/b><\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 27.7108%;\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Tropical South America<\/span><\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 54.2825%;\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Extra-long staple (ELS), high quality, Pima cotton, used for luxury textiles<\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<p><\/div>\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><span class=\"vc_button\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.pw.live\/batches\/upsc\/pw-only-ias?utm_source=seo+upsc+batch&#038;utm_medium=seo+upsc&#038;utm_campaign=seo&#038;utm_id=upsc\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Enroll now for UPSC Online Classes<\/a><\/span><\/p>\n<h2><span style=\"font-size: 18pt;\"><b>Initiatives of Central Government to Boost Cotton Production<\/b><\/span><\/h2>\n<ul>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><b>PM MITRA: Pradhan Mantri Mega Integrated Textile Region and Apparel<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> scheme aims to develop world-class textile parks with plug-and-play facilities.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><b>PLI Scheme:<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> Production Linked Incentive scheme to boost domestic manufacturing of textiles and apparel.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><b>Kasturi Cotton Bharat<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">: Promotes sustainable cotton cultivation practices, focusing on reducing water and pesticide usage.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><b>National Technical Textile Mission (NTTM):<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> Encourages the development and production of high-performance technical textiles.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><b>Amended Technology Upgradation Fund Scheme (ATUFS): <\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Provides financial assistance for technology upgrades in the textile sector.<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<div class=\"vc_table_green\"><\/p>\n<table style=\"width: 99.6375%;\">\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"width: 111.19%; text-align: center;\" colspan=\"2\"><span style=\"font-size: 18pt;\"><b>Also Read<\/b><\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"width: 49.797%; 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year.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":11,"featured_media":147154,"menu_order":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"rank_math_lock_modified_date":false,"footnotes":""},"tags":[],"paper-wise":[2089],"subject":[],"acf":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/pwonlyias.com\/stage\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/current-affairs\/147209"}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/pwonlyias.com\/stage\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/current-affairs"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/pwonlyias.com\/stage\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/current-affairs"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/pwonlyias.com\/stage\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/11"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/pwonlyias.com\/stage\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=147209"}],"version-history":[{"count":2,"href":"https:\/\/pwonlyias.com\/stage\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/current-affairs\/147209\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":147212,"href":"https:\/\/pwonlyias.com\/stage\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/current-affairs\/147209\/revisions\/147212"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/pwonlyias.com\/stage\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/147154"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/pwonlyias.com\/stage\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=147209"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/pwonlyias.com\/stage\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=147209"},{"taxonomy":"paper-wise","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/pwonlyias.com\/stage\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/paper-wise?post=147209"},{"taxonomy":"subject","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/pwonlyias.com\/stage\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/subject?post=147209"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}