{"id":147394,"date":"2024-12-17T21:01:22","date_gmt":"2024-12-17T15:31:22","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/pwonlyias.com\/stage\/?post_type=current-affairs&#038;p=147394"},"modified":"2024-12-18T11:10:31","modified_gmt":"2024-12-18T05:40:31","slug":"india-sri-lanka-relations","status":"publish","type":"current-affairs","link":"https:\/\/pwonlyias.com\/stage\/current-affairs\/india-sri-lanka-relations","title":{"rendered":"India-Sri Lanka Relations"},"content":{"rendered":"<p><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"wp-image-147356 alignright\" src=\"https:\/\/pwonlyias.com\/stage\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/12\/175-676171ba043cb.webp\" alt=\"India-Sri Lanka Relations\" width=\"299\" height=\"203\" srcset=\"https:\/\/pwonlyias.com\/stage\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/12\/175-676171ba043cb.webp 797w, https:\/\/pwonlyias.com\/stage\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/12\/175-676171ba043cb-300x204.webp 300w, https:\/\/pwonlyias.com\/stage\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/12\/175-676171ba043cb-768x521.webp 768w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 299px) 100vw, 299px\" \/><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Recently, the <\/span><b>Sri Lankan President Anura Kumara Dissanayake<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> held bilateral talks with India&#8217;s Prime Minister <\/span><b>\u00a0on his three day visit<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> to India.<\/span><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><b>Political Significance of Visit: <\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">This shows the strength of India Sri Lanka relations as it is Mr. Dissanayake&#8217;s <\/span><b>first foreign trip <\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">after assuming charge as the President.<\/span><\/li>\n<li><b>Joint Statement:<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> The Ministry of External Affairs has released the \u201c <\/span><b>India &#8211; Sri Lanka Joint Statement: Fostering Partnerships for a Shared Future.\u201d<\/b><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><span class=\"vc_button\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.pw.live\/batches\/upsc?utm_source=seo+upsc+batch&#038;utm_medium=seo+upsc&#038;utm_campaign=seo&#038;utm_id=upsc\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Enroll now for UPSC Online Course<\/a><\/span><\/p>\n<div class=\"vc_table_green\"><\/p>\n<table style=\"width: 99.4967%;\">\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<th style=\"width: 100%; border-style: solid; border-color: #000000; background-color: rgba(184, 165, 217, 0.53); text-align: left; vertical-align: middle;\">\n<h3><span style=\"font-size: 16pt; color: #000000;\"><b>13th Amendment to the Sri Lankan Constitution<\/b><\/span><\/h3>\n<ul>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"color: #000000;\"><b>Purpose:<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> Enacted in 1987 under the<\/span><b> India-Sri Lanka Accord, <\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">it aimed to resolve Tamil grievances through devolution of power to <\/span><b>Provincial Councils.<\/b><\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"color: #000000;\"><b>Key Provisions:<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> Introduced Provincial Councils, <\/span><b>Tamil as an official language,<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> and devolved powers like education, health, and agriculture.<\/span><\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"color: #000000;\"><b>\u00a0<\/b><b>India&#8217;s Stand: <\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Advocates for full implementation of the amendment to ensure <\/span><b>Tamil rights<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> and meaningful devolution as part of<\/span><b> reconciliation efforts.<\/b><\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"color: #000000;\"><b>Issues: <\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Resistance from Sri Lankan governments to devolve land and police powers, citing national security concerns, hinders the amendment\u2019s potential.<\/span><\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/th>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<p><\/div>\n<h2><span style=\"font-size: 18pt;\"><b>Key Outcomes of the Visit<\/b><\/span><\/h2>\n<ul>\n<li><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">This meeting strengthened Prime Minister Modi&#8217;s vision of<\/span><b> &#8216;SAGAR&#8217; (Security and Growth for All in the Region) and India&#8217;s &#8216;Neighbourhood First&#8217; policy.<\/b><\/li>\n<li><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">It would help in containing\u00a0 China&#8217;s attempts to increase its military presence in the Indian Ocean.<\/span>\n<ul>\n<li><b>Example: <\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">The docking of the Chinese missile and satellite tracking ship <\/span><b>&#8216;Yuan Wang&#8217; at Hambantota port.<\/b><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<li><b>Development Cooperation<\/b>\n<ul>\n<li><b>Example:<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> Projects such as Phase III &#038; IV of <\/span><b>Indian Housing Project<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">, 3 Islands Hybrid Renewable Energy Project and High Impact Community Development Projects across Sri Lanka<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<li aria-level=\"1\"><b>Political Exchanges<\/b>\n<ul>\n<li><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Underscored the importance of <\/span><b>regular parliamentary level exchanges <\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">to promote democratic values<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<li><b>Training and Capacity Building<\/b>\n<ul>\n<li><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Agreed to organise focused<\/span><b> training of 1500 Sri Lankan civil servants<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> across ministries and departments over a period of five years through the\u00a0<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<li><b>Debt Restructuring<\/b>\n<ul>\n<li><b>E<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">mergency financing and forex support worth<\/span><b> USD 4 billion by India to stabilise Srilankan<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> economy.\u00a0<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<li><b>Cultural and Tourism Development<\/b>\n<ul>\n<li><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Successful resumption of <\/span><b>flights between Chennai and Jaffna.<\/b><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<li><b>Strategic &#038; Defence Cooperation<\/b>\n<ul>\n<li><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Provision of a<\/span><b> Dornier Aircraft for maritime surveillance to Sri Lanka<\/b><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<li><b>Discussion over issue of Tamil minorities<\/b>\n<ul>\n<li><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">India expects to implement the<\/span><b> Constitution of Sri Lanka <\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">to hold provincial council elections.<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<li><b>Concerns of fishermen were discussed<\/b>\n<ul>\n<li><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Acknowledging the issues faced by fishermen on both sides and factoring the<\/span><b> livelihood concerns, <\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">the leaders agreed on the need to continue to address these in a humanitarian manner.<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<li><b>Progress in Digital Infrastructure<\/b>\n<ul>\n<li><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Expediting implementation of<\/span><b> Sri Lanka Unique Digital Identity <\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">(SLUDI) project, promotes digital financial transactions by extending the use of UPI digital payments for the benefit of both countries.<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<li><b>Energy Cooperation<\/b>\n<ul>\n<li><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">India and Sri Lanka will establish <\/span><b>electricity grid connectivity and a multi-product petroleum pipeline<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> that will further boost investment and commercial links between the nations.<\/span><\/li>\n<li><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Implementation of the <\/span><b>solar power project in Sampur<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> and further augment its capacity as per the requirements of Sri Lanka.<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<li><b>Strengthening Cultural Ties via Tourism<\/b>\n<ul>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"2\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Discussed the <\/span><b>Ramayana circuit and the Buddhist circuit<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> for tourism in each other\u2019s countries.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"2\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Announced a ferry service between <\/span><b>Rameshwaram (Tamil Nadu) and Talaimannar (Sri Lanka)<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> to boost connectivity between the two nations.<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<div class=\"vc_table_green\"><\/p>\n<table style=\"width: 99.4967%;\">\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<th style=\"width: 100%; border-style: solid; border-color: #000000; background-color: rgba(184, 165, 217, 0.53); text-align: left; vertical-align: middle;\">\n<h3><span style=\"font-size: 16pt; color: #000000;\"><b>India\u2019s Role in Sri Lanka\u2019s Recent Economic Crisis<\/b><\/span><\/h3>\n<ul>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"color: #000000;\"><b>Humanitarian Assistance and Financial Support:<\/b><\/span>\n<ul>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"2\"><span style=\"color: #000000;\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">In response to Sri Lanka\u2019s <\/span><b>economic crisis (2022),<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> India extended<\/span><b> $4 billion <\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">in aid, including credit lines for fuel, food, and essential goods.<\/span><\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"2\"><span style=\"color: #000000;\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">India provided <\/span><b>fuel shipments, easing Sri Lanka\u2019s acute energy shortages, <\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">and facilitated imports of medicine and food supplies to meet the urgent needs of the population.<\/span><\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"color: #000000;\"><b>Loan Assistance and Debt Relief:<\/b><\/span>\n<ul>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"2\"><span style=\"color: #000000;\"><b>India extended short-term loans<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> to help Sri Lanka stabilize its foreign reserves.<\/span><\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"2\"><span style=\"color: #000000;\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">India also played a key role in<\/span><b> facilitating negotiations with the IMF <\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">to support Srilanka.<\/span><\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/th>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<p><\/div>\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><span class=\"vc_button\"><a href=\"https:\/\/store.pw.live\/govt-entrance-exams\/upsc-books?utm_source=SEO&#038;utm_medium=PW+Live&#038;utm_campaign=UPSC+CSE+Books\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Check Out UPSC CSE Books From PW Store<\/span><\/a><\/span><\/p>\n<h2><span style=\"font-size: 18pt;\"><b>India-Srilanka: Various Facets of Bilateral Cooperation<\/b><\/span><\/h2>\n<ul>\n<li><b>Historical Background <\/b><b>Cultural and Ethnic Ties<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">: India and Sri Lanka share deep-rooted historical connections.<\/span>\n<ul>\n<li style=\"list-style-type: none;\">\n<ul>\n<li><b>Example<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">: via <\/span><b>Buddhism, Hinduism, and ancient trade relations.<\/b><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<li><b>Colonial and Post-Colonial Period<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">: During the colonial era, the two countries saw economic exchanges.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"2\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Shared values of <\/span><b>democracy and regional cooperation.<\/b><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<li><b>Economic:\u00a0<\/b>\n<ul>\n<li><b>Bilateral Trade:<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> India-Sri Lanka trade stood at<\/span><b> $5.45 billion in FY 2022-23, <\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">with India exporting goods worth $4.9 billion, including petroleum, pharmaceuticals, and food items.<\/span><\/li>\n<li><b>Key Investments: <\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">India is among Sri Lanka\u2019s top investors, with companies like IOC, Tata, and Airtel contributing to infrastructure, retail, and energy sectors.<\/span><\/li>\n<li><b>Crisis Support: <\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">During Sri Lanka&#8217;s 2022 economic crisis, <\/span><b>India extended over $4 billion<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> in credit lines and aid for essential imports, showcasing strong economic ties.<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<li aria-level=\"1\"><b>Cooperation in Multilateral Groupings: SAARC, BIMSTEC<\/b>\n<ul>\n<li><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">India and Sri Lanka cooperate in regional forums like<\/span><b> SAARC (South Asian Association for Regional Cooperation) and BIMSTEC (Bay of Bengal Initiative for Multi-Sectoral Technical and Economic Cooperation) <\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">to promote regional stability, trade, and development.<\/span><\/li>\n<li><b>Example:<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> Sri Lanka actively participated in India-led initiatives for<\/span><b> pandemic response and disaster <\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">management through these platforms.<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<li><b>Strategic Importance of Sri Lanka for India<\/b>\n<ul>\n<li><b>Indian Ocean Security:<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> Sri Lanka&#8217;s location in the Indian Ocean makes it strategically vital for India, especially concerning maritime security and<\/span><b> countering China\u2019s growing presence in the region.<\/b><\/li>\n<li><b>Example: The Hambantota Port<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> lease to China raised concerns in India.<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<li><b>Defence Cooperation<\/b>\n<ul>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"2\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Both nations agreed to explore the possibility of concluding a framework agreement on defence cooperation\u00a0 through<\/span><b> joint exercises, maritime surveillance, and defence dialogue and exchanges.<\/b><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<div class=\"vc_table_green\"><\/p>\n<table style=\"width: 99.498%;\">\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<th style=\"width: 100%; border-style: solid; border-color: #000000; background-color: rgba(184, 165, 217, 0.53); text-align: left; vertical-align: middle;\"><span style=\"color: #000000;\"><b>UN Resolution on Sri Lanka:<\/b><\/span><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"color: #000000;\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">In response to the <\/span><b>Sri Lankan civil war&#8217;s final stages, the UN Human Rights Council (UNHRC) p<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">assed resolutions calling for accountability and investigations into alleged war crimes by Sri Lankan forces.<\/span><\/span><\/li>\n<li aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"color: #000000;\"><b>India supported UN resolutions <\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">but pushed for a more balanced approach to ensure Sri Lanka\u2019s sovereignty while calling for credible investigations and reconciliation, avoiding any actions that could exacerbate tensions.<\/span><\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><span style=\"color: #000000;\"><b>India\u2019s Evolving Stand (Post-2015):<\/b><\/span><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"color: #000000;\"><b>After Sri Lanka\u2019s new government (2015) under President Maithripala Sirisena, India <\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">backed the resolution for a domestic investigation into alleged war crimes, offering support for Sri Lanka&#8217;s efforts toward reconciliation and post-war healing.<\/span><\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"color: #000000;\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">India has continued to urge the full implementation of the <\/span><b>13th Amendment and political devolution<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> to Tamils while maintaining a position of respecting Sri Lanka\u2019s sovereignty in UN debates.<\/span><\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/th>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<p><\/div>\n<h2><span style=\"font-size: 18pt;\"><b>Challenges in India-Sri Lanka Relations<\/b><\/span><\/h2>\n<ul>\n<li aria-level=\"1\"><b>Katchatheevu Island Dispute:<\/b>\n<ul>\n<li><b>Indian fishermen<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> often face arrests or attacks by the Sri Lankan Navy for alleged poaching in the region.<\/span><\/li>\n<li><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Tamil Nadu demands<\/span><b> retrieval of Katchatheevu,<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> claiming it historically belonged to India.<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<li><b>Tamil Issue<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">&#8211; <\/span><b>India\u2019s Support<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">:<\/span>\n<ul>\n<li><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Advocates for the <\/span><b>full implementation of the 13th Amendment<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> to ensure Tamil autonomy through Provincial Councils.<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<li><b>Docking of Chinese Vessels<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">:<\/span>\n<ul>\n<li><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Chinese military and research vessels, like <\/span><b>Yuan Wang 5<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">, docking in Colombo or Hambantota ports raise security concerns for India.<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<li><b>Debt Diplomacy<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">:\u00a0<\/span>\n<ul>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"2\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Sri Lanka\u2019s reliance on Chinese loans for infrastructure projects like <\/span><b>Hambantota Port<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> has led to Chinese control of strategic assets, challenging India\u2019s regional interests.<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><span class=\"vc_button\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.pw.live\/batches\/upsc\/pw-only-ias?utm_source=seo+upsc+batch&#038;utm_medium=seo+upsc&#038;utm_campaign=seo&#038;utm_id=upsc\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Enroll now for UPSC Online Classes<\/a><\/span><\/p>\n<h2><span style=\"font-size: 18pt;\"><b>Path Ahead for the India-Sri Lanka relations<\/b><\/span><\/h2>\n<ul>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><b>Deepen Economic Integration<\/b>\n<ul>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"2\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Finalize the Comprehensive Economic Partnership Agreement (CEPA) to boost bilateral trade and investment.<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<li><b>Resolve Fishermen Disputes<\/b>\n<ul>\n<li><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Develop a robust monitoring mechanism and encourage alternative livelihoods.<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<li><b>Tackle Strategic Challenges<\/b>\n<ul>\n<li><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Strengthen maritime partnerships to counterbalance Chinese influence.<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<li><b>Promote Tamil Reconciliation<\/b>\n<ul>\n<li><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Collaborate with Sri Lanka to expedite the devolution process and improve living standards for Tamils in the Northern Province.<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<li><b>Sustainable Energy Cooperation<\/b>\n<ul>\n<li><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Expand renewable energy projects, especially in solar and wind, to ensure mutual benefits.<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<li><b>Neighbourhood First Policy of India<\/b>\n<ul>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"2\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Being one of the closest neighbours of India, Srilanka plays a pivotal role in strengthening our geostrategic stance.<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h2><span style=\"font-size: 18pt;\"><b>Conclusion<\/b><\/span><\/h2>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">India-Sri Lanka relations,<\/span><b> shaped by history and geography<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">, offer immense potential for cooperation across economic, cultural, and strategic dimensions. 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