{"id":148209,"date":"2024-12-23T19:48:55","date_gmt":"2024-12-23T14:18:55","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/pwonlyias.com\/stage\/?post_type=current-affairs&#038;p=148209"},"modified":"2024-12-23T19:48:55","modified_gmt":"2024-12-23T14:18:55","slug":"quantum-satellite","status":"publish","type":"current-affairs","link":"https:\/\/pwonlyias.com\/stage\/current-affairs\/quantum-satellite","title":{"rendered":"Quantum Satellite"},"content":{"rendered":"<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Recently, the chairman of the Mission Governing Board of the<\/span><b> National Quantum Mission<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">, announced that India plans to launch a <\/span><b>quantum satellite within the next 2-3 years <\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">to enable <\/span><b>quantum communications.<\/b><\/p>\n<h2><span style=\"font-size: 18pt;\"><b>About Quantum Satellite<\/b><\/span><\/h2>\n<ul>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">A quantum satellite is a type of communications satellite that leverages the <\/span><b>principles of quantum physics<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> to secure its signals.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><b>Example: Micius<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">, launched by <\/span><b>China in 2016<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> was the<\/span><b> world&#8217;s first quantum communications satellite.<\/b>\n<ul>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"2\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">It Generates pairs of entangled photons for secure communication demonstrating the feasibility of secure<\/span><b> quantum cryptography<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> using entanglement.<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">The Qunatum satellite will enable<\/span><b> quantum key distribution (QKD),<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> a process that ensures secure Quantum communication by <\/span><b>detecting eavesdropping attempts and aborting compromised transmissions.<\/b><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><b>Purpose: <\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Enables secure communication by preventing unauthorized interception of messages transmitted over long distances through multiple networks.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><b>Relevance: <\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">The advent of <\/span><b>quantum computers<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> poses a threat to <\/span><b>current security technologies, <\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">such as <\/span><b>cryptographic security,<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> which <\/span><b>rely on complex mathematical problems to protect encryption keys.<\/b><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><span class=\"vc_button\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.pw.live\/batches\/upsc?utm_source=seo+upsc+batch&#038;utm_medium=seo+upsc&#038;utm_campaign=seo&#038;utm_id=upsc\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Enroll now for UPSC Online Course<\/a><\/span><\/p>\n<h2><span style=\"font-size: 18pt;\"><b>Quantum Satellite vs. Conventional Satellite<\/b><\/span><\/h2>\n<div class=\"vc_table_green\"><\/p>\n<table style=\"width: 99.6963%;\">\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"text-align: center; width: 16.3655%;\"><b>Feature<\/b><\/td>\n<td style=\"text-align: center; width: 41.5663%;\"><b>Quantum Satellite<\/b><\/td>\n<td style=\"text-align: center; width: 42.1713%;\"><b>Conventional Satellite<\/b><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"width: 16.3655%;\"><b>Core Technology<\/b><\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 41.5663%;\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Quantum mechanics (e.g., superposition, entanglement)<\/span><\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 42.1713%;\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Classical physics<\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"width: 16.3655%;\"><b>Primary Function<\/b><\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 41.5663%;\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Secure communication <\/span><b>(quantum key distribution)<\/b><\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 42.1713%;\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Various applications: communication, navigation, remote sensing, etc.<\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"width: 16.3655%;\"><b>Data Transmission<\/b><\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 41.5663%;\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Encodes information in quantum states Qubits.<\/span><\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 42.1713%;\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Encodes information in classical bits<\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"width: 16.3655%;\"><b>Security<\/b><\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 41.5663%;\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Unconditionally secure against eavesdropping<\/span><\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 42.1713%;\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Security relies on cryptographic algorithms<\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"width: 16.3655%;\"><b>Current Status<\/b><\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 41.5663%;\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Primarily experimental<\/span><\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 42.1713%;\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Mature technology with widespread applications<\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"width: 16.3655%;\"><b>Challenges<\/b><\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 41.5663%;\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Technical challenges in maintaining quantum states during transmission and reception<\/span><\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 42.1713%;\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Technological limitations and potential vulnerabilities to quantum computing attacks<\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<p><\/div>\n<h2><span style=\"font-size: 18pt;\"><b>Principles of Quantum Mechanics involved<\/b><\/span><\/h2>\n<div class=\"vc_table_green\"><\/p>\n<table style=\"width: 99.4955%;\">\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"width: 19.0763%; text-align: center;\"><b>Key principle<\/b><\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 82.2509%; text-align: center;\"><b>Description<\/b><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"width: 19.0763%;\"><b>Superposition\u00a0 <\/b><b><\/b><\/p>\n<p>\u00a0<\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 82.2509%;\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">State in which a quantum particle can represent not just one possibility, but a combination of multiple possibilities.<\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"width: 19.0763%;\"><b>Quantum Entanglement<\/b><\/p>\n<p><b>\u00a0<\/b><\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 82.2509%;\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Quantum particles interact physically in ways such that the quantum state of each cannot be described independently.<\/span><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Enables quantum systems to exhibit correlations stronger than any possible classical behaviour.<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"width: 19.0763%;\"><b>Quantum Interference\u00a0 <\/b><b><\/b><\/p>\n<p>\u00a0<\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 82.2509%;\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Wave-like characteristics of quantum particles cause interference effects between different probability states that can result in constructive or destructive interference analogous to the interference effects seen in waves.<\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"width: 19.0763%;\"><b> Quantum Tunneling\u00a0 <\/b><b><\/b><\/p>\n<p>\u00a0<\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 82.2509%;\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Ability of particles to tunnel through barriers when according to classical physics they do not have enough energy to do so.\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Principle is critical for the functioning of quantum computer hardware like quantum dots.<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<p><\/div>\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><span class=\"vc_button\"><a href=\"https:\/\/store.pw.live\/govt-entrance-exams\/upsc-books\/upsc-textbooks?utm_source=SEO&#038;utm_medium=PW+Live&#038;utm_campaign=UPSC+Textbooks\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Check Out UPSC NCERT Textbooks From PW Store<\/span><\/a><\/span><\/p>\n<h2><span style=\"font-size: 18pt;\"><b>About Quantum Communication<\/b><\/span><\/h2>\n<ul>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><b>Quantum communication<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> leverages the principles of quantum mechanics to securely transmit and manipulate information.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">It utilizes the <\/span><b>unique properties of quantum systems<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">, such as<\/span><b> superposition and entanglement<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">, to enable secure transmission and manipulation of information.<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"wp-image-148159 alignright\" src=\"https:\/\/pwonlyias.com\/stage\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/12\/236-67695657d2eed.webp\" alt=\"Quantum Satellite \" width=\"505\" height=\"305\" srcset=\"https:\/\/pwonlyias.com\/stage\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/12\/236-67695657d2eed.webp 986w, https:\/\/pwonlyias.com\/stage\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/12\/236-67695657d2eed-300x181.webp 300w, https:\/\/pwonlyias.com\/stage\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/12\/236-67695657d2eed-768x463.webp 768w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 505px) 100vw, 505px\" \/><\/p>\n<h2><span style=\"font-size: 18pt;\"><b>Mechanisms in Quantum Communication<\/b><\/span><\/h2>\n<ul>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><b>Quantum Measurement<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">: Any measurement of a quantum system changes its state, revealing eavesdropping.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><b>Quantum Entanglement<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">:Changes to one entangled photon instantaneously affect its pair, ensuring secure communication.<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h2><span style=\"font-size: 18pt;\"><b>Challenges in Quantum Satellite Implementation<\/b><\/span><\/h2>\n<ul>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><b>Authentication Issues<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">: QKD lacks mechanisms to verify the source of transmission.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><b>Hardware Limitations:<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> Difficulties in upgrading and patching quantum communication devices.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><b>Denial-of-Service (DoS) Risks:<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> Eavesdroppers can interrupt transmissions by triggering the abort mechanism.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><b>Infrastructure Costs: <\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">High setup and maintenance costs for QKD networks.<\/span><b>Signal Loss<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">: Atmospheric and distance-related attenuation affects photon transmission reliability.<\/span>\n<ul>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"2\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">India\u2019s Advancements in Quantum Satellite Technology<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<div class=\"vc_table_green\"><\/p>\n<table style=\"width: 99.6988%;\">\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<th style=\"width: 100%; border-style: solid; border-color: #000000; background-color: rgba(184, 165, 217, 0.53); text-align: left; vertical-align: middle;\">\n<h3><span style=\"font-size: 16pt; color: #000000;\"><b>National Quantum Mission (NQM)<\/b><\/span><\/h3>\n<ul>\n<li><span style=\"color: #000000;\"><b>The National Quantum Mission (NQM) was established in 2023 by the Indian government with a budget of Rs. 6003.65 crore for a period of eight years.<\/b><\/span><\/li>\n<li><span style=\"font-weight: 400; color: #000000;\">The mission aims to foster research and development in quantum technologies, with a focus on developing quantum computers, sensors, and communication systems<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><span style=\"color: #000000;\"><b>Objectives of the NQM:\u00a0<\/b><\/span><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"color: #000000;\"><b>Advancing Quantum Technologies: <\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Harness quantum mechanics for next-generation communication and sensing systems.<\/span><\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"color: #000000;\"><b>Enhancing Security: <\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Facilitate encrypted communication resilient to interception, especially in the era of quantum computing.<\/span><\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"color: #000000;\"><b>Research &#038; Development:<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> Establish India as a global leader in quantum technologies through focused research and satellite-based experimentation.<\/span><\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/th>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<p><\/div>\n<h2><span style=\"font-size: 18pt;\"><b>India\u2019s Advancements in Quantum Satellite Technology<\/b><\/span><\/h2>\n<ul>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Studies at the <\/span><b>Raman Research Institute in Bengaluru identified Hanle, Ladakh,<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> as an optimal site for establishing satellite based Quantum Communication systems as\u00a0 it has low signal loss.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">India\u2019s National Quantum Mission is set to focus on overcoming technological and logistical challenges.<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><span class=\"vc_button\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.pw.live\/batches\/upsc\/pw-only-ias?utm_source=seo+upsc+batch&#038;utm_medium=seo+upsc&#038;utm_campaign=seo&#038;utm_id=upsc\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Enroll now for UPSC Online Classes<\/a><\/span><\/p>\n<h2><span style=\"font-size: 18pt;\"><b>Way forward<\/b><\/span><\/h2>\n<ul>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">While quantum cryptography shows immense promise,<\/span><b> experts advocate for integrating it with post-quantum cryptography<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> which are advanced classical techniques designed to withstand<\/span><b> quantum computing attacks.<\/b><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">This approach ensures robust and scalable security frameworks in the quantum era.<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<div class=\"vc_table_green\"><\/p>\n<table style=\"width: 99.6375%;\">\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"width: 111.19%; text-align: 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communications.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":11,"featured_media":148182,"menu_order":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"rank_math_lock_modified_date":false,"footnotes":""},"tags":[],"paper-wise":[2089],"subject":[2092],"acf":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/pwonlyias.com\/stage\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/current-affairs\/148209"}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/pwonlyias.com\/stage\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/current-affairs"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/pwonlyias.com\/stage\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/current-affairs"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/pwonlyias.com\/stage\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/11"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/pwonlyias.com\/stage\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=148209"}],"version-history":[{"count":2,"href":"https:\/\/pwonlyias.com\/stage\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/current-affairs\/148209\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":148211,"href":"https:\/\/pwonlyias.com\/stage\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/current-affairs\/148209\/revisions\/148211"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/pwonlyias.com\/stage\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/148182"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/pwonlyias.com\/stage\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=148209"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/pwonlyias.com\/stage\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=148209"},{"taxonomy":"paper-wise","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/pwonlyias.com\/stage\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/paper-wise?post=148209"},{"taxonomy":"subject","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/pwonlyias.com\/stage\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/subject?post=148209"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}