{"id":149742,"date":"2025-01-01T19:01:36","date_gmt":"2025-01-01T13:31:36","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/pwonlyias.com\/stage\/?post_type=current-affairs&#038;p=149742"},"modified":"2025-03-03T12:00:31","modified_gmt":"2025-03-03T06:30:31","slug":"nature-of-dissent-in-indian-judiciary","status":"publish","type":"current-affairs","link":"https:\/\/pwonlyias.com\/stage\/current-affairs\/nature-of-dissent-in-indian-judiciary","title":{"rendered":"The Nature of Dissent in Indian Judiciary"},"content":{"rendered":"<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">J<\/span><b>udiciary being an integral part of the functioning of any country<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> cannot b<\/span><b>e immune from Dissent, both amongst themselves and on societal level.\u00a0<\/b><\/p>\n<h2><span style=\"font-size: 18pt;\"><b>About Dissent<\/b><\/span><\/h2>\n<ul>\n<li><b>Dissent is strong disagreement or dissatisfaction <\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">with a decision or opinion, especially one that is supported by most people or by people in authority.<\/span><\/li>\n<li><b>Constitutional Status for Dissent<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">: The <\/span><b>Right to Dissent is indirectly <\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">acknowledged as a\u00a0 Fundamental Right in India<\/span><b> through interpretation of\u00a0 Article 19 <\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">of the Indian Constitution. The combination of these three specific rights enables Indians to express their contrasting views<\/span>\n<ul>\n<li><b>Article 19 clause (a):<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">It grants all the citizens the <\/span><b>right to freedom of speech and expression.<\/b><\/li>\n<li><b>Article 19 clause (b)<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">: It provides them with the <\/span><b>right to assemble peaceably and without any arms.<\/b><\/li>\n<li><b>Article 19 clause \u00a9:<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> It ensures <\/span><b>citizens the freedom to form unions or associations.\u00a0<\/b><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<li><b>Dissent and Democracy: <\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">It is the<\/span><b> bedrock upon which vibrant democracies are built. I<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">n societies that value freedom, t<\/span><b>he right to question, challenge, and even criticiz<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">e is not merely tolerated but celebrated as an essential component of civic life.<\/span><\/li>\n<li><b>Importance of Dissent in Democracy:<\/b>\n<ul>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"2\"><b>No Dissent, No Democracy: <\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">A democracy by definition is a <\/span><b>system where leadership is elected by diverse people with diverse opinions,<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> who all have a right to pursue their own interests and represent their opinion. A Democracy <\/span><b>thus can function only when dissent is tolerated and encouraged.<\/b><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"2\"><b>Protects Civil Rights: <\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Dissent and disagreement are important to protect the civil rights of the citizens especially the underrepresented and marginalised.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"2\"><b>To Restrict Majoritarianism: <\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Majoritarianism is the antithesis of democracy as it does not demand accountability.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"2\"><b>Enables Citizen Participation: <\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Democracy essence is the Participation of every citizen not only in the electoral process but also in the running of the country. This right becomes meaningless if that person cannot criticize the actions of the government<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><span class=\"vc_button\"><a href=\"https:\/\/store.pw.live\/govt-entrance-exams\/upsc-books\/upsc-textbooks?utm_source=SEO&#038;utm_medium=PW+Live&#038;utm_campaign=UPSC+Textbooks\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Check Out UPSC NCERT Textbooks From PW Store<\/span><\/a><\/span><\/p>\n<h2><span style=\"font-size: 18pt;\"><b>Example of Dissent In Judiciary<\/b><\/span><\/h2>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Indian judicial dissents <\/span><b>over the years varied from political, to social to purely intellectual <\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">disagreements.<\/span><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><b>Against Political Opinion: <\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">The Indian judicial appointments <\/span><b>through the collegium system has saved it from overt association with the political thought<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> of the time. Notable political dissenting remarks from the judges are,<\/span>\n<ul>\n<li><b>ADM Jabalpur (1976) Case:<\/b> <b>Justice H.R. Khanna <\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">dissented with the majority panel on the question <\/span><b>whether enforcement of fundamental rights including Article 21, r<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">emained suspended during the national emergency under Article 359.<\/span><\/li>\n<li><b>P.V. Narasimha Rao (1998) Case<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">: Justices S.C. Agarwal and A.S. Anand <\/span><b>dissented with the majority opinion that accepting bribes for voting in Parliament<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> was covered under parliamentary privilege and enjoyed immunity from prosecution.<\/span>\n<ul>\n<li><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">In the <\/span><b>Sita Soren (2023) case,<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> the SC overruled such an expanded view of immunity.<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<li><b>Against Societal Questions:<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> A dissent could also reflect a different social understanding or implication of a legal issue.<\/span>\n<ul>\n<li><b>Shayara Bano (2017) Case:<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> Justices <\/span><b>J.S. Khehar and Abdul Nazeer dissented with the majority, which struck down triple talaq<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> for violating the rights of life of Muslim women and were of the opinion that only the legislature can intervene in socially unacceptable practices in different religions and not the courts.<\/span><\/li>\n<li><b>Aishat Shifa (2022) Case: There were 2 different opinions stemming from different understandings of secularism<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> on the question whether the State could enforce a universal dress code in schools.<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<li><b>Intellectual Critique: A dissent could also be plainly intellectual like,<\/b>\n<ul>\n<li><b>Lalta Prasad Vaish (2024) Case: <\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Justice B.V. Nagarathna disagreed with the majority judgement and remarked that States could not tax industrial alcohol.<\/span>\n<ul>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"3\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">The disagreement<\/span><b> was on the interpretation of the term \u2018intoxicating liquor\u2019 under Entry 8 of List 2 in the Seventh Schedule <\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">of the Constitution and solely based on the interpretation of the text of the Constitution.<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<div class=\"vc_table_green\"><\/p>\n<table style=\"width: 99.6375%;\">\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"width: 111.19%; text-align: center;\" colspan=\"2\"><span style=\"font-size: 18pt;\"><b>Also Read<\/b><\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"width: 49.797%; text-align: center;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/pwonlyias.com\/stage\/editorial-analysis\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"><b>UPSC Daily Editorials<\/b><\/a><\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 61.393%; text-align: center;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/pwonlyias.com\/stage\/daily-current-affairs\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"><b>UPSC Daily Current Affairs<\/b><\/a><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"width: 49.797%; text-align: center;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/pwonlyias.com\/stage\/quiz\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"><b>Daily Current Affairs Quiz<\/b><\/a><\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 61.393%; text-align: center;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/pwonlyias.com\/stage\/mains-answer-writing\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"><b>Daily Main Answer Writing<\/b><\/a><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"width: 49.797%; text-align: center;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/store.pw.live\/govt-entrance-exams\/upsc-books\/upsc-previous-year-papers?utm_source=SEO&#038;utm_medium=PW+Live&#038;utm_campaign=UPSC+Previous+Year+Papers\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"><b>Check Out Previous Years Papers From PW Store<\/b><\/a><\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 61.393%; text-align: center;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/pwonlyias.com\/stage\/upsc-test-series-courses\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"><b>UPSC Test Series<\/b><\/a><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"width: 49.797%; text-align: center;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/store.pw.live\/govt-entrance-exams\/upsc-books\/upsc-textbooks?utm_source=SEO&#038;utm_medium=PW+Live&#038;utm_campaign=UPSC+Textbooks\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"><b>Check Out UPSC NCERT Textbooks From PW Store<\/b><\/a><\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 61.393%; text-align: center;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/store.pw.live\/govt-entrance-exams\/upsc-books\/upsc-modules?utm_source=SEO&#038;utm_medium=PW+Live&#038;utm_campaign=UPSC+Modules\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"><b>Check Out UPSC Modules From PW Store<\/b><\/a><b>\u00a0<\/b><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<p><\/div>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Judiciary being an integral part of the functioning of any country cannot be immune from Dissent, both amongst themselves and on societal level.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":11,"featured_media":149732,"menu_order":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"rank_math_lock_modified_date":false,"footnotes":""},"tags":[],"paper-wise":[2084],"subject":[2124],"acf":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/pwonlyias.com\/stage\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/current-affairs\/149742"}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/pwonlyias.com\/stage\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/current-affairs"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/pwonlyias.com\/stage\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/current-affairs"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/pwonlyias.com\/stage\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/11"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/pwonlyias.com\/stage\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=149742"}],"version-history":[{"count":2,"href":"https:\/\/pwonlyias.com\/stage\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/current-affairs\/149742\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":149744,"href":"https:\/\/pwonlyias.com\/stage\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/current-affairs\/149742\/revisions\/149744"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/pwonlyias.com\/stage\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/149732"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/pwonlyias.com\/stage\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=149742"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/pwonlyias.com\/stage\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=149742"},{"taxonomy":"paper-wise","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/pwonlyias.com\/stage\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/paper-wise?post=149742"},{"taxonomy":"subject","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/pwonlyias.com\/stage\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/subject?post=149742"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}