{"id":151124,"date":"2025-01-11T19:47:20","date_gmt":"2025-01-11T14:17:20","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/pwonlyias.com\/stage\/?post_type=current-affairs&#038;p=151124"},"modified":"2025-01-13T17:41:24","modified_gmt":"2025-01-13T12:11:24","slug":"nano-catalyst","status":"publish","type":"current-affairs","link":"https:\/\/pwonlyias.com\/stage\/current-affairs\/nano-catalyst","title":{"rendered":"Nano Catalyst"},"content":{"rendered":"<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Scientists from<\/span><b> the Institute of Nano Science and Technology (INST)<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">, part of the Department of Science and Technology (DST), developed a<\/span><b> new copper-based catalyst.<\/b><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">The catalyst has <\/span><b>a unique star-like nanostructure<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> and is designed to make<\/span><b> industrial chemical reactions more sustainable.<\/b><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h2><span style=\"font-size: 18pt;\"><b>About Copper-based Catalyst<\/b><\/span><\/h2>\n<ul>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">This catalyst is created by <\/span><b>growing copper oxide nanostructures<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> on a <\/span><b>sporopollenin template.<\/b>\n<ul>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"2\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">It offers a<\/span><b> sustainable pathway<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> for industrial chemical reactions.\u00a0<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">These catalysts can be considered green catalysts due to <\/span><b>Abundant, Low Toxicity, Efficiency, and its Reusability.\u00a0<\/b><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><span class=\"vc_button\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.pw.live\/batches\/upsc\/pw-only-ias?utm_source=seo+upsc+batch&#038;utm_medium=seo+upsc&#038;utm_campaign=seo&#038;utm_id=upsc\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Enroll now for UPSC Online Classes<\/a><\/span><\/p>\n<div class=\"vc_table_green\"><\/p>\n<table style=\"width: 99.9144%;\">\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<th style=\"width: 100%; border-style: solid; border-color: #000000; background-color: rgba(184, 165, 217, 0.53); text-align: left; vertical-align: middle;\"><span style=\"color: #000000;\"><b>What is Sporopollenin?<\/b><\/span><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400; color: #000000;\">It is a biological polymer.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"color: #000000;\"><b>Found in:<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> outer walls of pollen grains and spores.\u00a0<\/span><\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400; color: #000000;\">It has a bowl-like outer structure.<\/span>\n<ul>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"2\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><span style=\"color: #000000;\">This structure provides a framework for the controlled growth of copper oxide nanostructures.<\/span>\u00a0<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/th>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<p><\/div>\n<ul>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">It is efficient in<\/span><b> water without additives<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> and can be <\/span><b>reused multiple times<\/b>\n<ul>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"2\"><b>Applications<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">: Useful in<\/span><b> organic reactions<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">, <\/span><b>environmental remediation<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">,<\/span><b> nanoscale electronics<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">, and<\/span><b> surface-enhanced Raman spectroscopy<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> (SERS).<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<li><b>Advantages of Copper-Based Catalysts<\/b>\n<ul>\n<li><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Copper-based catalysts are widely used due to their unique properties and benefits:<\/span>\n<ul>\n<li><b>Abundance and Cost-Effectiveness<\/b>\n<ul style=\"list-style-type: disc;\">\n<li><b>Easily Available: <\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Copper is <\/span><b>naturally abundant <\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">and <\/span><b>readily accessible.<\/b><\/li>\n<li><b>Low Cost: <\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">It is an<\/span><b> inexpensive metal<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">, making it a cost-effective choice for catalytic applications.<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<div class=\"vc_table_green\"><\/p>\n<table style=\"width: 99.6975%;\">\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<th style=\"width: 100%; border-style: solid; border-color: #000000; background-color: rgba(184, 165, 217, 0.53); text-align: left; vertical-align: middle;\"><span style=\"color: #000000;\"><b>Green catalysts<\/b><\/span><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400; color: #000000;\">Green catalysts are substances that accelerate chemical reactions while minimizing the environmental impact.\u00a0<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400; color: #000000;\">They are designed to promote sustainability and reduce the use of hazardous materials in industrial processes.<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/th>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<p><\/div>\n<ul>\n<li style=\"list-style-type: none;\">\n<ul>\n<li style=\"list-style-type: none;\">\n<ul>\n<li aria-level=\"3\"><b>Multiple Oxidation States<\/b>\n<ul style=\"list-style-type: disc;\">\n<li><b>Flexible in Reactions: <\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Copper exists in various oxidation states (Cu\u2070, Cu\u207a, Cu\u00b2\u207a, Cu\u00b3\u207a), enabling it to participate in a variety of chemical reactions.<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<li><b>Versatile Applications<\/b>\n<ul style=\"list-style-type: disc;\">\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"4\"><b>Redox Reactions:<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> Widely used in<\/span><b> oxidation-reduction processes<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"4\"><b>CO Oxidation: <\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Effective in the conversion of carbon monoxide to carbon dioxide.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"4\"><b>Selective Oxidation: <\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Facilitates the selective oxidation of organic compounds.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"4\"><b>Electrochemical Reactions:<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> Plays a key role in<\/span><b> hydrogen evolution reactions (HER).<\/b><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><span class=\"vc_button\"><a href=\"https:\/\/store.pw.live\/govt-entrance-exams\/upsc-books\/upsc-textbooks?utm_source=SEO&#038;utm_medium=PW+Live&#038;utm_campaign=UPSC+Textbooks\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Check Out UPSC NCERT Textbooks From PW Store<\/span><\/a><\/span><\/p>\n<h2><span style=\"font-size: 18pt;\"><b>About Nano Catalyst<\/b><\/span><\/h2>\n<p><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"wp-image-151102 alignright\" src=\"https:\/\/pwonlyias.com\/stage\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/06\/113-678270bf961cb.webp\" alt=\"Nano Catalyst\" width=\"455\" height=\"185\" srcset=\"https:\/\/pwonlyias.com\/stage\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/06\/113-678270bf961cb.webp 935w, https:\/\/pwonlyias.com\/stage\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/06\/113-678270bf961cb-300x122.webp 300w, https:\/\/pwonlyias.com\/stage\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/06\/113-678270bf961cb-768x312.webp 768w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 455px) 100vw, 455px\" \/><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">A nano catalyst is <\/span><b>a material made up of nanoparticles<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> that speeds up <\/span><b>chemical reactions without being consumed.<\/b><\/li>\n<li><b>Size: <\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Operates at the nanoscale, with particle sizes ranging <\/span><b>from 1 to 100 nanometers.<\/b><\/li>\n<li><b>Key Features of Nano Catalysts<\/b>\n<ul>\n<li><b>High Surface Area: <\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Nanoparticles provide<\/span><b> a large surface area, increasing the number of active sites for chemical reactions.<\/b><\/li>\n<li><b>Selectivity: <\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Nano catalysts can be<\/span><b> tailored to target specific reactions<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">, reducing unwanted side reactions.<\/span><\/li>\n<li><b>Environmentally Friendly: <\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Many are designed to follow<\/span><b> green chemistry principles<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">, requiring <\/span><b>less energy and avoiding harsh chemicals<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">.<\/span><\/li>\n<li><b>Applications of Nano Catalysts<\/b>\n<ul>\n<li><b>Industrial Chemical Reactions : <\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Improve process efficiency while minimizing environmental impact.<\/span><\/li>\n<li><b>Environmental Remediation: <\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Help in removing pollutants from air and water.<\/span><\/li>\n<li><b>Pharmaceutical Industry: <\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Enable cleaner and more sustainable drug synthesis.<\/span><\/li>\n<li><b>Energy Production: <\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Support the generation of clean energy sources like hydrogen.<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<li aria-level=\"2\"><b>Limitations of Nano Catalysts\u00a0<\/b>\n<ul>\n<li><b>High reaction time: <\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Nanocatalysts can have longer reaction time.\u00a0<\/span><\/li>\n<li><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">It is very expensive.<\/span><\/li>\n<li><b>Toxicity risks: <\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Its use and disposal is risky to human health and environment.\u00a0<\/span><\/li>\n<li><b>High sensitivity: <\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">It can lose its effectiveness under some conditions such as extreme temperatures and PH levels.\u00a0<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<div class=\"vc_table_green\"><\/p>\n<table style=\"width: 99.6375%;\">\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"width: 111.19%; text-align: center;\" colspan=\"2\"><span style=\"font-size: 18pt;\"><b>Also Read<\/b><\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"width: 49.797%; text-align: center;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/pwonlyias.com\/stage\/editorial-analysis\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"><b>UPSC Daily Editorials<\/b><\/a><\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 61.393%; text-align: center;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/pwonlyias.com\/stage\/daily-current-affairs\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"><b>UPSC Daily Current Affairs<\/b><\/a><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"width: 49.797%; text-align: center;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/pwonlyias.com\/stage\/quiz\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"><b>Daily Current Affairs Quiz<\/b><\/a><\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 61.393%; text-align: center;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/pwonlyias.com\/stage\/mains-answer-writing\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"><b>Daily Main Answer Writing<\/b><\/a><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"width: 49.797%; text-align: center;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/store.pw.live\/govt-entrance-exams\/upsc-books\/upsc-previous-year-papers?utm_source=SEO&#038;utm_medium=PW+Live&#038;utm_campaign=UPSC+Previous+Year+Papers\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"><b>Check Out Previous Years Papers From PW Store<\/b><\/a><\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 61.393%; 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Technology (DST), developed a new copper-based catalyst.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":11,"featured_media":151233,"menu_order":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"rank_math_lock_modified_date":false,"footnotes":""},"tags":[],"paper-wise":[2089],"subject":[2092],"acf":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/pwonlyias.com\/stage\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/current-affairs\/151124"}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/pwonlyias.com\/stage\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/current-affairs"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/pwonlyias.com\/stage\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/current-affairs"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/pwonlyias.com\/stage\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/11"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/pwonlyias.com\/stage\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=151124"}],"version-history":[{"count":2,"href":"https:\/\/pwonlyias.com\/stage\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/current-affairs\/151124\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":151127,"href":"https:\/\/pwonlyias.com\/stage\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/current-affairs\/151124\/revisions\/151127"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/pwonlyias.com\/stage\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/151233"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/pwonlyias.com\/stage\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=151124"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/pwonlyias.com\/stage\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=151124"},{"taxonomy":"paper-wise","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/pwonlyias.com\/stage\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/paper-wise?post=151124"},{"taxonomy":"subject","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/pwonlyias.com\/stage\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/subject?post=151124"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}