{"id":151719,"date":"2025-01-16T19:19:50","date_gmt":"2025-01-16T13:49:50","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/pwonlyias.com\/stage\/?post_type=current-affairs&#038;p=151719"},"modified":"2025-01-16T19:19:50","modified_gmt":"2025-01-16T13:49:50","slug":"jallikattu-event-in-madurai","status":"publish","type":"current-affairs","link":"https:\/\/pwonlyias.com\/stage\/current-affairs\/jallikattu-event-in-madurai","title":{"rendered":"Jallikattu"},"content":{"rendered":"<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Recently, during the <\/span><b>three-day Jallikattu event <\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">in <\/span><b>Madurai,<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> a bull tamer lost his life, and 75 participants sustained injuries.<\/span><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">The event, part of the <\/span><b>Pongal harvest festival,<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> featured <\/span><b>1,100 bulls and 900 tamers.<\/b><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h2><span style=\"font-size: 18pt;\"><b>About Jallikattu<\/b><\/span><\/h2>\n<p><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"wp-image-151687 alignright\" src=\"https:\/\/pwonlyias.com\/stage\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/01\/167-6789068e6b6ba.webp\" alt=\"Jallikattu\" width=\"350\" height=\"325\" srcset=\"https:\/\/pwonlyias.com\/stage\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/01\/167-6789068e6b6ba.webp 622w, https:\/\/pwonlyias.com\/stage\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/01\/167-6789068e6b6ba-300x278.webp 300w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 350px) 100vw, 350px\" \/><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><b>Definition<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">: Also known as <\/span><b>Eruthazhuvuthal, <\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Jallikattu is a <\/span><b>traditional bull-taming sport<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> held during the Pongal festival in Tamil Nadu.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><b>Variations: Vadi manjuvira\u1e6d\u1e6du, V\u0113li vira\u1e6d\u1e6du, Va\u1e6dam manjuvira\u1e6d\u1e6du <\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">are the variants of this sport.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><b>Objective<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">: Contestants attempt to tame a bull to win a prize. If unsuccessful, the bull&#8217;s owner claims the prize.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><b>Cultural Significance:<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> Celebrates nature, expresses gratitude for a bountiful harvest, and includes cattle worship.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><b>Regions:<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> Popular in districts such as<\/span><b> Madurai, Tiruchirappalli, Theni, Pudukkottai, <\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">and<\/span><b> Dindigul.<\/b><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><b>Breed Used: Pulikulam<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">, native to Sivagangai district, is commonly used in Jallikattu.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><b>Ancient Origins: <\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">References to bull taming are found in a seal from <\/span><b>Mohenjodaro (2,500\u20131,800 BC).<\/b><\/li>\n<li><b>Tamil Literature:<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> Jallikattu is mentioned in<\/span><b> Silappadikaram by\u00a0 Ilango<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">, a <\/span><b>Sangam-era Tamil epic.<\/b><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"aligncenter  wp-image-151688\" src=\"https:\/\/pwonlyias.com\/stage\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/01\/168-6789068e42997.webp\" alt=\"Jallikattu\" width=\"750\" height=\"244\" srcset=\"https:\/\/pwonlyias.com\/stage\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/01\/168-6789068e42997.webp 1188w, https:\/\/pwonlyias.com\/stage\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/01\/168-6789068e42997-300x98.webp 300w, https:\/\/pwonlyias.com\/stage\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/01\/168-6789068e42997-1024x334.webp 1024w, https:\/\/pwonlyias.com\/stage\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/01\/168-6789068e42997-768x250.webp 768w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 750px) 100vw, 750px\" \/><\/p>\n<div class=\"vc_table_green\"><\/p>\n<table style=\"width: 99.6975%;\">\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<th style=\"width: 100%; border-style: solid; border-color: #000000; background-color: rgba(184, 165, 217, 0.53); text-align: left; vertical-align: middle;\">\n<h3><span style=\"font-size: 16pt; color: #000000;\"><b>Animal Welfare Board of India Vs A. Nagaraja Case (2014)<\/b><\/span><\/h3>\n<ul>\n<li><span style=\"color: #000000;\"><b>Context:<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> The case challenged the legality of Jallikattu (bull-taming sport) in Tamil Nadu, citing animal cruelty under the Prevention of Cruelty to Animals Act, 1960.<\/span><\/span><\/li>\n<li><span style=\"color: #000000;\"><b>Court Verdict:<\/b><\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"list-style-type: none;\">\n<ul>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"2\"><span style=\"color: #000000;\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">The Supreme Court<\/span><b> banned Jallikattu, <\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">citing violation of animal rights and cruelty towards bulls.<\/span><\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"2\"><span style=\"color: #000000;\"><b>Recognized animals&#8217; right to live<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> with dignity and freedom from unnecessary pain under Article 21 (Right to Life).<\/span><\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"2\"><span style=\"color: #000000;\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Directed<\/span><b> stricter enforcement <\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">of the Prevention of Cruelty to Animals Act.<\/span><\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"2\"><span style=\"color: #000000;\"><b>Encouraged amendments to enhance animal welfare<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> and upheld the constitutional duty under<\/span><b> Article 51A(g) <\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">to protect living creatures<\/span><\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/th>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<p><\/div>\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><span class=\"vc_button\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.pw.live\/batches\/upsc\/pw-only-ias?utm_source=seo+upsc+batch&#038;utm_medium=seo+upsc&#038;utm_campaign=seo&#038;utm_id=upsc\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Enroll now for UPSC Online Classes<\/a><\/span><\/p>\n<h2><span style=\"font-size: 18pt;\"><b>Constitutional Provisions Related to Animal and Culture<\/b><\/span><\/h2>\n<ul>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><b>Article 48A: <\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">States must improve animal welfare, safeguard wildlife, and ensure animal population growth.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><b>Article 51A(g): <\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">It is a fundamental duty of citizens to show compassion for animals and protect wildlife.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><b>Article 21:<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> Right to life<\/span><b> includes animal life,<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> emphasizing dignity and fair treatment.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><b>Article 29(1)<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">: Protects the<\/span><b> cultural rights of citizens,<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> including traditional practices like Jallikattu.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><b>Entry 17, List III:<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> Allows both the central and state governments <\/span><b>to legislate on preventing cruelty to animals.<\/b><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h2><span style=\"font-size: 18pt;\"><b>Recent Developments<\/b><\/span><\/h2>\n<ul>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><b>Legal Framework: <\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Jallikattu was <\/span><b>banned (2014\u20132016)<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> but<\/span><b> reinstated by the Tamil Nadu government in 2017 <\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">via <\/span><b>amendments to the Prevention of Cruelty to Animals Act.<\/b><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><b>Supreme Court Verdict (2023): <\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Upheld Tamil Nadu\u2019s law <\/span><b>allowing Jallikattu, citing its cultural importance.<\/b><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h2><span style=\"font-size: 18pt;\"><b>Arguments For and Against Jallikattu<\/b><\/span><\/h2>\n<div class=\"vc_table_green\"><\/p>\n<table style=\"width: 99.5959%;\">\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"text-align: center; width: 49.2902%;\"><b>Arguments For Jallikattu<\/b><\/td>\n<td style=\"text-align: center; width: 51.0013%;\"><b>Arguments Against Jallikattu<\/b><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"width: 49.2902%;\"><b>Cultural Significance: <\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Integral to Tamil Nadu\u2019s heritage and celebrated during the Pongal harvest festival.<\/span><\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 51.0013%;\"><b>Animal Cruelty: <\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Causes unnecessary pain, suffering, and stress to bulls, violating animal welfare laws.<\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"width: 49.2902%;\"><b>Community Involvement:<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> Fosters community spirit, engages rural participation, and strengthens traditions.<\/span><\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 51.0013%;\"><b>Safety Concerns: <\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Risks to human lives and injuries to both tamers and spectators during the event.<\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"width: 49.2902%;\"><b>Economic Role:<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> Supports the rural economy by sustaining <\/span><b>native cattle breeds like Pulikulam.<\/b><\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 51.0013%;\"><b>Violation of Rights: <\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Breaches animal rights to dignity and freedom from cruelty, as per Article 21.<\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"width: 49.2902%;\"><b>Breed Preservation: <\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Protects indigenous breeds, ensuring their survival and agricultural utility.<\/span><\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 51.0013%;\"><b>Global Criticism: Faces opposition from animal welfare groups citing inhumane practices.<\/b><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"width: 49.2902%;\"><b>Legal Backing: <\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Tamil Nadu amended laws to ensure compliance with constitutional provisions.<\/span><\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 51.0013%;\"><b>Ethical Concerns: <\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Questions the justification of animal exploitation for entertainment and sport.<\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<p><\/div>\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><span class=\"vc_button\"><a href=\"https:\/\/store.pw.live\/govt-entrance-exams\/upsc-books\/upsc-textbooks?utm_source=SEO&#038;utm_medium=PW+Live&#038;utm_campaign=UPSC+Textbooks\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Check Out UPSC NCERT Textbooks From PW Store<\/span><\/a><\/span><\/p>\n<h2><span style=\"font-size: 18pt;\"><b>Similar Sports and festivals Involving Animals\u00a0<\/b><\/span><\/h2>\n<div class=\"vc_table_green\"><\/p>\n<table style=\"width: 99.6975%;\">\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"width: 17.5703%; text-align: center;\"><b>Sport\/Festival<\/b><\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 19.3775%; text-align: center;\"><b>State<\/b><\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 36.0442%; text-align: center;\"><b>Description<\/b><\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 27.0893%; text-align: center;\"><b>Occasion\/Festival<\/b><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"width: 17.5703%;\"><b>Kambala<\/b><\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 19.3775%;\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Karnataka<\/span><\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 36.0442%;\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Traditional <\/span><b>buffalo race<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> held in water-filled paddy fields.<\/span><\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 27.0893%;\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Harvest festivals<\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"width: 17.5703%;\"><b>Bullock Cart Racing<\/b><\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 19.3775%;\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Maharashtra, Punjab<\/span><\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 36.0442%;\"><b>Bullock carts race <\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">against each other in rural fairs and festivals.<\/span><\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 27.0893%;\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Rural fairs and festivals<\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"width: 17.5703%;\"><b>Cockfighting<\/b><\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 19.3775%;\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Andhra Pradesh, Tamil Nadu<\/span><\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 36.0442%;\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Traditional<\/span><b> rooster fights<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> held during festive celebrations.<\/span><\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 27.0893%;\"><b>Sankranti<\/b><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"width: 17.5703%;\"><b>Camel Racing<\/b><\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 19.3775%;\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Rajasthan<\/span><\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 36.0442%;\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Camel races showcasing speed and endurance, often during cultural fairs.<\/span><\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 27.0893%;\"><b>Pushkar Fair <\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">and other cultural events<\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"width: 17.5703%;\"><b>Dhirio<\/b><\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 19.3775%;\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Goa<\/span><\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 36.0442%;\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Traditional<\/span><b> bullfighting sport <\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">conducted in rural areas.<\/span><\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 27.0893%;\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Local rural culture<\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<p><\/div>\n<div class=\"vc_table_green\"><\/p>\n<table style=\"width: 99.6375%;\">\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"width: 111.19%; 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