{"id":153809,"date":"2025-02-01T19:24:47","date_gmt":"2025-02-01T13:54:47","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/pwonlyias.com\/stage\/?post_type=current-affairs&#038;p=153809"},"modified":"2025-02-13T11:29:02","modified_gmt":"2025-02-13T05:59:02","slug":"new-wetlands-designated-as-ramsar-sites-in-india","status":"publish","type":"current-affairs","link":"https:\/\/pwonlyias.com\/stage\/current-affairs\/new-wetlands-designated-as-ramsar-sites-in-india","title":{"rendered":"Four New Wetlands Designated as Ramsar Sites in India"},"content":{"rendered":"<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Ahead o<\/span><b>f World Wetlands Day on 2nd February, <\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">four more wetlands in India have been recognized as Ramsar sites under the Ramsar Convention.\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Inclusion of new wetlands brings the total number of globally recognized wetlands in the country to<\/span><b> 89.\u00a0<\/b><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">The newly designated sites are:<\/span>\n<ol>\n<li><b>Sakkarakottai Bird Sanctuary<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> and <\/span><b>Therthangal Bird Sanctuary <\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">in <\/span><b>Tamil Nadu.<\/b><\/li>\n<li><b>Khecheopalri Wetland<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> in <\/span><b>Sikkim<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">.<\/span><\/li>\n<li><b>Udhwa Lake<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> in <\/span><b>Jharkhand.<\/b><\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><span class=\"vc_button\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.pw.live\/batches\/upsc?utm_source=seo+upsc+batch&#038;utm_medium=seo+upsc&#038;utm_campaign=seo&#038;utm_id=upsc\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Enroll now for UPSC Online Course<\/a><\/span><\/p>\n<h2><span style=\"font-size: 18pt;\"><b>Key figures about the Ramsar Sites<\/b><\/span><\/h2>\n<ul>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><b>Tamil Nadu<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> now leads <\/span><b>India with 20 Ramsar sites<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">, the highest number in the country. <\/span><b>Uttar Pradesh <\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">follows with<\/span><b> 10 sites.<\/b><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><b>Sikkim <\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">and<\/span><b> Jharkhand<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> have received their<\/span><b> first Ramsar sites<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">: <\/span><b>Khecheopalri Wetland<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> and<\/span><b> Udhwa Lake<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">, respectively.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><b>India ranks third<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> globally with<\/span><b> 89 Ramsar sites<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">, after the <\/span><b>United Kingdom (176) <\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">and <\/span><b>Mexico (144).<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> India also has the<\/span><b> highest number of Ramsar sites in Asia.<\/b><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Over the last decade, India&#8217;s Ramsar sites have <\/span><b>increased to 89,<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> with 4<\/span><b>7 sites added in the last three years.<\/b><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h2><span style=\"font-size: 18pt;\"><b>Criteria for Ramsar Site Designation<\/b><\/span><\/h2>\n<ul>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Represents<\/span><b> rare or unique natural wetland types.<\/b><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Supports <\/span><b>endangered species<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> or<\/span><b> threatened ecological communities.<\/b><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Maintains <\/span><b>biodiversity<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> in specific biogeographic regions.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Offers <\/span><b>refuge<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> during adverse conditions.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Regularly accommodates<\/span><b> 20,000 or more waterbirds.<\/b><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Sustains<\/span><b> 1% of the population of a single waterbird species.<\/b><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Serves as a<\/span><b> critical source of food, spawning grounds, nurseries<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">, and <\/span><b>migration paths for fish.<\/b><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Regularly supports<\/span><b> 1% of the population of non-avian wetland-dependent animal species.<\/b><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h2><span style=\"font-size: 18pt;\"><b>New Ramsar Sites<\/b><\/span><\/h2>\n<h3><span style=\"font-size: 16pt;\"><b>Khecheopalri Lake (Sikkim)<\/b><\/span><\/h3>\n<ul>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Originally known as <\/span><b>Kha-Chot-Palri,<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> meaning <\/span><b>&#8220;the heaven of Padmasambhava,<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">&#8221; this lake is located near<\/span><b> Khecheopalri village in West Sikkim.<\/b><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">It is considered s<\/span><b>acred by both Buddhists and Hindus<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> and is believed to be a<\/span><b> wish-fulfilling lake.<\/b><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">The local name for the lake is <\/span><b>Sho Dzo Sho<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">, which means <\/span><b>&#8220;Oh Lady, Sit Here.&#8221;<\/b><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">The lake <\/span><b>drains water from the Ramam watershed, <\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">named after the <\/span><b>Ramam mountain.<\/b><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h3><span style=\"font-size: 16pt;\"><b>Udhwa Lake Bird Sanctuary (Jharkhand)<\/b><\/span><\/h3>\n<ul>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Located in the <\/span><b>Sahibganj district of Jharkhand,<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> this sanctuary is situated on the<\/span><b> floodplain of the Ganga River.<\/b><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">It consists of two interconnected water bodies<\/span><b>, Patauda and Berhale<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">, which are linked by a water channel.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Recognized as an <\/span><b>Important Bird Area (IBA),<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> the sanctuary is significant for <\/span><b>avian habitat conservation.<\/b><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><span class=\"vc_button\"><a href=\"https:\/\/store.pw.live\/govt-entrance-exams\/upsc-books?utm_source=SEO&#038;utm_medium=PW+Live&#038;utm_campaign=UPSC+CSE+Books\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Check Out UPSC CSE Books From PW Store<\/span><\/a><\/span><\/p>\n<h3><span style=\"font-size: 16pt;\"><b>Sakkarakottai Bird Sanctuary (Tamil Nadu)<\/b><\/span><\/h3>\n<ul>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Located in the <\/span><b>Ramanathapuram district of Tamil Nadu<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">, this sanctuary is an <\/span><b>irrigation tank <\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">that stores water for agriculture.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">The tank is recharged by the <\/span><b>northeast monsoon<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> from October to January.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">This sanctuary lies along the <\/span><b>Central Asian Flyway,<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> serving as a critical breeding and foraging ground for waterbirds such as the<\/span><b> Spot billed Pelican, Egret, Common Myna, Grey Heron etc.<\/b><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h3><span style=\"font-size: 16pt;\"><b>Therthangal Bird Sanctuary\u00a0 (Tamil Nadu)<\/b><\/span><\/h3>\n<ul>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Therthangal Bird Sanctuary is located in <\/span><b>Ramanathapuram district of Tamil Nadu<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">It serves as a critical breeding and foraging ground for various waterbird species such as the <\/span><b>White -breasted Kingfisher, Spot- billed Pelican, Brahminy Kite etc.<\/b><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h2><span style=\"font-size: 18pt;\"><b>What Are Wetlands?<\/b><\/span><\/h2>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">According to the Ramsar Convention on Wetlands, wetlands are defined as:<\/span><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Areas o<\/span><b>f marsh, fen, peatland, or water, <\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">whether<\/span><b> natural or artificial, permanent <\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">or <\/span><b>temporary.<\/b><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">They include areas with<\/span><b> static or flowing water, fresh, brackish, or saltwater, <\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">including marine areas where the<\/span><b> water depth at low tide does not exceed six meters.<\/b><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Wetlands are<\/span><b> transitional zones between terrestrial (land) and aquatic (water) ecosystems.<\/b><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h2><span style=\"font-size: 18pt;\"><b>Significance of Wetlands<\/b><\/span><\/h2>\n<ol>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><b>Source of Water:<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> Wetlands absorb rainwater and help recharge groundwater.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><b>Flood and Storm Buffer: <\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">They act like sponges, absorbing rainfall and snowmelt, and allowing water to percolate gently into the soil, reducing the risk of floods.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><b>Water Purification: <\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Wetlands trap contaminants in sediments and plants, reducing pollutants like phosphorus and nitrogen from agricultural runoff.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><b>Habitats for Migratory Birds:<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> Wetlands provide feeding, resting, and nesting grounds for migratory birds.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><b>Biodiversity Hotspots: <\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Many wetlands are home to a variety of endemic and endangered species. For example, <\/span><b>Keibul Lamjao,<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> a floating national park in Manipur, is the only natural habitat of the globally <\/span><b>endangered Brow-antlered Deer.<\/b><\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><span class=\"vc_button\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.pw.live\/batches\/upsc\/pw-only-ias?utm_source=seo+upsc+batch&#038;utm_medium=seo+upsc&#038;utm_campaign=seo&#038;utm_id=upsc\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Enroll now for UPSC Online Classes<\/a><\/span><\/p>\n<h2><span style=\"font-size: 18pt;\"><b>About the Ramsar Convention<\/b><\/span><\/h2>\n<ul>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">The <\/span><b>Ramsar Convention<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> is an international treaty focused on <\/span><b>&#8220;the conservation and sustainable use of wetlands.&#8221;<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">\u00a0<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">The treaty is named after the city of <\/span><b>Ramsar in Iran<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">, where it was signed on <\/span><b>2nd February 1971<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">.\u00a0<\/span>\n<ul>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"2\"><b>February 2nd<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> is celebrated every year as <\/span><b>World Wetlands Day<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"2\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">The Ramsar Convention<\/span><b> came into force in 1975.<\/b><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">The convention has three main pillars:<\/span>\n<ul>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"2\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Work towards the<\/span><b> wise use of all wetlands.<\/b><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"2\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Designate<\/span> <span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">suitable wetlands for the List of <\/span><b>Wetlands of International Importance<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> (the Ramsar List) and ensure their effective management.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"2\"><b>Cooperate internationally on transboundary wetlands<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">, shared wetland systems, and shared species.<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<div class=\"vc_table_green\"><\/p>\n<table style=\"width: 99.8983%;\">\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<th style=\"width: 100%; border-style: solid; border-color: #000000; background-color: rgba(184, 165, 217, 0.53); text-align: left; vertical-align: middle;\">\n<h2><span style=\"font-size: 18pt; color: #000000;\"><b>Montreux Record<\/b><\/span><\/h2>\n<ul>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"color: #000000;\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">The Montreux Record is a <\/span><b>register of wetland sites on the Ramsar List<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> where<\/span><b> changes in ecological character have occurred, are occurring, or are likely to occur<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> due to<\/span><b> human interference, pollution, or technological developments.<\/b><\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"color: #000000;\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">It serves as a<\/span><b> tool to monitor and address threats <\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">to these important ecosystems.<\/span><\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"color: #000000;\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">As of now,<\/span><b> two Indian wetlands are listed in the Montreux Record:<\/b><\/span>\n<ul>\n<li aria-level=\"2\"><span style=\"color: #000000;\"><b>Keoladeo National Park, Rajasthan (Added in 1990): <\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Located in <\/span><b>Bharatpur,<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> it is <\/span><b>a UNESCO World Heritage Site.<\/b><\/span><\/li>\n<li aria-level=\"2\"><span style=\"color: #000000;\"><b>Loktak Lake, Manipur (Added in 1993): <\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">The <\/span><b>largest freshwater lake in northeastern <\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">India, famous for <\/span><b>Phumdis<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> (floating vegetation).<\/span><\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<li><span style=\"color: #000000;\"><b>Chilika lake (Odisha) <\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">was placed in the record but was <\/span><b>later removed from it.<\/b><\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/th>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<p><\/div>\n<p><b><i>Ready to boost your UPSC 2025 preparation?<\/i><\/b> <a href=\"https:\/\/www.pw.live\/batches\/upsc?utm_source=seo+upsc+batch&#038;utm_medium=seo+upsc&#038;utm_campaign=seo&#038;utm_id=upsc\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"><b><i>Join PW&#8217;s UPSC online courses<\/i><\/b><\/a><b><i> today!<\/i><\/b><\/p>\n<div class=\"vc_table_green\"><\/p>\n<table style=\"width: 99.6375%;\">\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"width: 111.19%; 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