{"id":154891,"date":"2025-02-10T19:47:33","date_gmt":"2025-02-10T14:17:33","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/pwonlyias.com\/stage\/?post_type=current-affairs&#038;p=154891"},"modified":"2025-02-10T19:47:33","modified_gmt":"2025-02-10T14:17:33","slug":"national-gene-bank","status":"publish","type":"current-affairs","link":"https:\/\/pwonlyias.com\/stage\/current-affairs\/national-gene-bank","title":{"rendered":"Second National Gene Bank"},"content":{"rendered":"<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">The Indian government has announced the establishment of a second National Gene Bank, nearly three decades after the first one was set up <\/span><b>as part of the Union Budget 2025-26.<\/b><\/p>\n<h2><span style=\"font-size: 18pt;\"><b>What is a Gene Bank?<\/b><\/span><\/h2>\n<p><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"wp-image-154870 alignright\" src=\"https:\/\/pwonlyias.com\/stage\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/02\/107-67a9fd7e53b59.webp\" alt=\"Gene Bank\" width=\"350\" height=\"235\" srcset=\"https:\/\/pwonlyias.com\/stage\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/02\/107-67a9fd7e53b59.webp 568w, https:\/\/pwonlyias.com\/stage\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/02\/107-67a9fd7e53b59-300x201.webp 300w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 350px) 100vw, 350px\" \/><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">A gene bank is <\/span><b>a storage facility <\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">that preserves seeds, pollen, or plant tissues to protect plant species from extinction.<\/span><\/li>\n<li><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">These stored samples help in crop breeding, research, and conservation<\/span><b>.<\/b>\n<ul>\n<li><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">It helps in protecting <\/span><b>biodiversity <\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">and ensures the availability of <\/span><b>important crop varieties for future use.<\/b><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<li><b>India\u2019s First National Gene Bank<\/b>\n<ul>\n<li><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Established in 1996 by <\/span><b>the Indian Council of Agricultural Research-National Bureau of Plant Genetic Resources <\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">(ICAR-NBPGR) in<\/span><b> New Delhi.<\/b><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<li><b>Purpose of the New Gene Bank<\/b>\n<ul>\n<li><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">The new gene bank aims to ensure<\/span><b> food and nutritional security<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> for the future.<\/span><\/li>\n<li><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">It will help <\/span><b>conserve and protect genetic resources<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> for both the public and private sectors.<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><span class=\"vc_button\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.pw.live\/batches\/upsc?utm_source=seo+upsc+batch&#038;utm_medium=seo+upsc&#038;utm_campaign=seo&#038;utm_id=upsc\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Enroll now for UPSC Online Course<\/a><\/span><\/p>\n<div class=\"vc_table_green\">\n<table style=\"width: 99.8996%;\">\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<th style=\"width: 100%; border-style: solid; border-color: #000000; background-color: rgba(184, 165, 217, 0.53); text-align: left; vertical-align: middle;\">\n<ul>\n<li aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"color: #000000;\"><b>National Bureau of Plant Genetic Resources (NBPGR): <\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">\u00a0It is a premier institute under the<\/span><b> Indian Council of Agricultural Research (ICAR).\u00a0<\/b><\/span>\n<ul>\n<li aria-level=\"2\"><span style=\"color: #000000;\"><b>Objective: <\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">It aims to evaluate, conserve, and use plant genetic resources for sustainable agriculture <\/span><b>and food security.\u00a0<\/b><\/span><\/li>\n<li aria-level=\"2\"><span style=\"color: #000000;\"><b>Headquarter:<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> New Delhi.\u00a0<\/span><\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<li aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"color: #000000;\"><b>National Gene Fund: <\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">This fund provides a legal framework for the protection of the plant varieties and farmers rights.\u00a0<\/span><\/span>\n<ul>\n<li aria-level=\"2\"><span style=\"color: #000000;\"><b>Established: <\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Section 45 of the Protection of Plant Varieties and Farmers\u2019 Rights Act, 2001 (PPVFR Act)<\/span><b>.\u00a0<\/b><\/span><\/li>\n<li aria-level=\"2\"><span style=\"color: #000000;\"><b>Objective:<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> It ensures fair distribution of benefits from genetic resources, promotes sustainable farming practices, and supports conservation of animal and plant genetics.\u00a0<\/span><\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/th>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<p><\/div><b><\/b><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><b>Current Status of Stored Germplasms<\/b>\n<ul>\n<li><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">As of January 15, 2025, the gene bank holds 0.47 million accessions (plant material used for breeding), including:<\/span>\n<ul>\n<li><b>Cereals: <\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">0.17 million accessions<\/span><\/li>\n<li><b>Millets: <\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Over 60,600 accessions<\/span><\/li>\n<li><b>Legumes: <\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Over 69,200 accessions<\/span><\/li>\n<li><b>Oilseeds:<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> More than 63,500 accessions<\/span><\/li>\n<li><b>Vegetables: <\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Nearly 30,000 accessions<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><span class=\"vc_button\"><a href=\"https:\/\/store.pw.live\/govt-entrance-exams\/upsc-books?utm_source=SEO&#038;utm_medium=PW+Live&#038;utm_campaign=UPSC+CSE+Books\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Check Out UPSC CSE Books From PW Store<\/span><\/a><\/span><\/p>\n<div class=\"vc_table_green\"><\/p>\n<table style=\"width: 99.8997%;\">\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<th style=\"width: 100%; border-style: solid; border-color: #000000; background-color: rgba(184, 165, 217, 0.53); text-align: left; vertical-align: middle;\">\n<ul>\n<li aria-level=\"1\">\n<h3><span style=\"font-size: 16pt; color: #000000;\"><b>ICRISAT Genebank: A Global Example<\/b><\/span><\/h3>\n<ul>\n<li><span style=\"font-weight: 400; color: #000000;\">The International Crops Research Institute for the Semi-Arid Tropics (ICRISAT) Genebank was established in 1972 to conserve crop genetic resources.<\/span><\/li>\n<li><span style=\"font-weight: 400; color: #000000;\">It stores genetic material of 11 key crops, including:<\/span>\n<ul>\n<li><span style=\"font-weight: 400; color: #000000;\">Sorghum, Pearl millet, Finger millet, Foxtail millet, Little millet, Proso millet, Barnyard millet, Kodo millet, Chickpea, Pigeon pea, and Groundnut.<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<li><span style=\"font-weight: 400; color: #000000;\">The genebank supports food security and contributes to the United Nations Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs).<\/span><\/li>\n<li><span style=\"font-weight: 400; color: #000000;\">Apart from India, ICRISAT also operates in Zimbabwe, Niger, and Kenya.<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<li aria-level=\"1\">\n<h3><span style=\"font-size: 16pt; color: #000000;\"><b>Innovative Gene Bank Initiatives<\/b><\/span><\/h3>\n<ul>\n<li aria-level=\"2\"><span style=\"color: #000000;\"><b>2019: <\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">ICRISAT established the world\u2019s first solar-powered gene bank in Hyderabad.<\/span><\/span><\/li>\n<li aria-level=\"2\"><span style=\"color: #000000;\"><b>2021: <\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">The world&#8217;s second-largest refurbished National Gene Bank at the National Bureau of Plant Genetic Resources (NBPGR), was inaugurated in Madhya pradesh.\u00a0\u00a0<\/span><\/span>\n<ul>\n<li aria-level=\"3\"><span style=\"color: #000000;\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">This advanced facility helps preserve plant genetic<\/span><b> resources for future use.<\/b><\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/th>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<p><\/div>\n<p><b><i>Ready to boost your UPSC 2025 preparation?<\/i><\/b> <a href=\"https:\/\/www.pw.live\/batches\/upsc?utm_source=seo+upsc+batch&#038;utm_medium=seo+upsc&#038;utm_campaign=seo&#038;utm_id=upsc\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"><b><i>Join PW&#8217;s UPSC online courses<\/i><\/b><\/a><b><i> today!<\/i><\/b><\/p>\n<div class=\"vc_table_green\"><\/p>\n<table style=\"width: 99.6375%;\">\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"width: 111.19%; 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