{"id":155729,"date":"2025-02-17T19:43:55","date_gmt":"2025-02-17T14:13:55","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/pwonlyias.com\/stage\/?post_type=current-affairs&#038;p=155729"},"modified":"2025-02-17T19:43:55","modified_gmt":"2025-02-17T14:13:55","slug":"earthquake-in-delhi-ncr","status":"publish","type":"current-affairs","link":"https:\/\/pwonlyias.com\/stage\/current-affairs\/earthquake-in-delhi-ncr","title":{"rendered":"Earthquake in Delhi-NCR"},"content":{"rendered":"<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">According to the <\/span><b>National Center for Seismology (NCS)<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">\u00a0 , a shallow earthquake of 4.0 magnitude struck Delhi-NCR, with a focal depth of 5 km.<\/span><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Another 4.0 magnitude earthquake was recorded in Bihar at 8:02 AM, with a depth of 10 km.<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h2><span style=\"font-size: 18pt;\"><b>About Earthquake<\/b><\/span><\/h2>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">An earthquake is the shaking of the Earth&#8217;s crust caused by a sudden release of energy. This release of energy occurs along a fault, which is a break in the Earth&#8217;s crustal rocks.\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<p><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"wp-image-155692 alignright\" src=\"https:\/\/pwonlyias.com\/stage\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/02\/172-67b331d4dc826.webp\" alt=\"Earthquake\" width=\"305\" height=\"196\" srcset=\"https:\/\/pwonlyias.com\/stage\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/02\/172-67b331d4dc826.webp 642w, https:\/\/pwonlyias.com\/stage\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/02\/172-67b331d4dc826-300x193.webp 300w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 305px) 100vw, 305px\" \/><\/p>\n<h3><span style=\"font-size: 16pt;\"><b>How do earthquakes occur?<\/b><\/span><\/h3>\n<ul>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Earthquakes are caused by the movement of tectonic plates.\u00a0<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">When two tectonic plates slide past each other, the jagged edges can get caught, and when they release, the energy is released as vibrations.\u00a0<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Earthquakes can also be caused by the injection or withdrawal of magma, or explosions of chemical or nuclear devices.\u00a0<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<div class=\"vc_table_green\"><\/p>\n<table style=\"width: 99.8988%;\">\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<th style=\"width: 100%; border-style: solid; border-color: #000000; background-color: rgba(184, 165, 217, 0.53); text-align: left; vertical-align: middle;\"><span style=\"color: #000000;\"><b>Know the Terms:\u00a0<\/b><\/span><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"color: #000000;\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">The branch of knowledge that deals with the study of earthquakes is called <\/span><b>seismology.<\/b><\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"color: #000000;\"><b>Hypocenter (Focus): <\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">The location below the Earth&#8217;s surface where the earthquake starts<\/span><\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"color: #000000;\"><b>Epicenter:<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> The location directly above the hypocenter on the surface of the Earth<\/span><\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/th>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<p><\/div>\n<h3><span style=\"font-size: 16pt;\"><b>Types of earthquakes<\/b><\/span><\/h3>\n<ul>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Earthquakes can vary in<\/span><b> intensity and duration, <\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">ranging from minor tremors to major seismic events.\u00a0<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Earthquakes can be categorized into <\/span><b>shallow, intermediate, and deep <\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">based on their depth.\u00a0<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h2><span style=\"font-size: 18pt;\"><b>What is a Shallow Earthquake?<\/b><\/span><\/h2>\n<ul>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Shallow earthquakes originate between <\/span><b>0 to 70 km below the surface.<\/b><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Intermediate earthquakes occur at 70 to 300 km, and deep earthquakes at 300 to 700 km.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">The <\/span><b>shallower the earthquake, the more destructive it is,<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> as <\/span><b>seismic waves lose less energy before reaching the surface<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">.<\/span>\n<ul>\n<li><b>Example: <\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">A <\/span><b>5.6 magnitude earthquake in Indonesia (November 2022) <\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">killed over 160 people.<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><b>Earthquake Waves: <\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Earthquake waves are basically of two types \u2014 body waves and surface waves.<\/span><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><b>Body waves<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> are generated due to the<\/span><b> release of energy at the focus and move in all directions travelling through the body of the earth. Eg. <\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">P-waves and S-waves.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">The body waves interact with the surface rocks and generate new sets of waves called <\/span><b>surface waves.<\/b><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><b>Surface waves, also known as L-waves<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">, travel along the earth&#8217;s surface and are the most destructive.<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h2><span style=\"font-size: 18pt;\"><b>Difference between P and S waves<\/b><\/span><\/h2>\n<div class=\"vc_table_green\"><\/p>\n<table style=\"width: 99.7979%;\">\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"width: 15.6627%; text-align: center;\"><b>Types of Wave<\/b><\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 38.9558%; text-align: center;\"><b>P-waves (Primary waves)<\/b><\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 45.4294%; text-align: center;\"><b>S-waves (<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">S<\/span><b>econdary waves, shear waves<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">)<\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"width: 15.6627%;\"><b>Speed<\/b><\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 38.9558%;\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Faster than S-waves<\/span><\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 45.4294%;\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Slower than P-waves<\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"width: 15.6627%;\"><b>Travel path<\/b><\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 38.9558%;\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Can travel through liquid, gas, and solid<\/span><\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 45.4294%;\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Can only travel through solid<\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"width: 15.6627%;\"><b>Vibration<\/b><\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 38.9558%;\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Vibrate parallel to direction of propagation<\/span><\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 45.4294%;\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Vibrate perpendicular to direction of propagation<\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"width: 15.6627%;\"><b>Effect<\/b><\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 38.9558%;\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Cause pressure changes in the medium<\/span><\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 45.4294%;\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Create troughs and crests in the material<\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"width: 15.6627%;\"><b>Shadow Zones<\/b><\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 38.9558%;\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">The shadow zone of is P-waves<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">much smaller than that of the\u00a0 S-wave.<\/span><\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 45.4294%;\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">The shadow zone of S-wave is<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">much larger than that of the P-waves.<\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"width: 15.6627%;\"><\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 38.9558%;\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"aligncenter  wp-image-155693\" src=\"https:\/\/pwonlyias.com\/stage\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/02\/173-67b331d468d27.webp\" alt=\"Earthquake\" width=\"305\" height=\"304\" srcset=\"https:\/\/pwonlyias.com\/stage\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/02\/173-67b331d468d27.webp 567w, https:\/\/pwonlyias.com\/stage\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/02\/173-67b331d468d27-300x300.webp 300w, https:\/\/pwonlyias.com\/stage\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/02\/173-67b331d468d27-150x150.webp 150w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 305px) 100vw, 305px\" \/><\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 45.4294%;\"><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<p><\/div>\n<ul>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">The difference in travel time between P-waves and S-waves can be used to determine the epicenter of an earthquake.\u00a0<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<div class=\"vc_table_green\"><\/p>\n<table style=\"width: 99.6375%;\">\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"width: 111.19%; 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