{"id":156172,"date":"2025-02-20T19:46:49","date_gmt":"2025-02-20T14:16:49","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/pwonlyias.com\/stage\/?post_type=current-affairs&#038;p=156172"},"modified":"2025-02-20T19:46:49","modified_gmt":"2025-02-20T14:16:49","slug":"india-qatar-diplomatic-relations","status":"publish","type":"current-affairs","link":"https:\/\/pwonlyias.com\/stage\/current-affairs\/india-qatar-diplomatic-relations","title":{"rendered":"India, Qatar Elevate Ties To Strategic Partnership"},"content":{"rendered":"<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">The Amir of the State of Qatar, Sheikh Tamim bin Hamad Al-Thani paid a State Visit to India on 17-18 February 2025.<\/span><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">This is the second visit of <\/span><b>Sheikh Tamim Bin Hamad Al Thani<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> to India as <\/span><b>Amir<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> of the State of Qatar.<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h2><span style=\"font-size: 18pt;\"><b>Key Outcomes of the Meeting<\/b><\/span><\/h2>\n<p><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"wp-image-156132 alignright\" src=\"https:\/\/pwonlyias.com\/stage\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/02\/201-67b72d3762bfa.webp\" alt=\"Qatar \" width=\"455\" height=\"261\" srcset=\"https:\/\/pwonlyias.com\/stage\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/02\/201-67b72d3762bfa.webp 842w, https:\/\/pwonlyias.com\/stage\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/02\/201-67b72d3762bfa-300x172.webp 300w, https:\/\/pwonlyias.com\/stage\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/02\/201-67b72d3762bfa-768x441.webp 768w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 455px) 100vw, 455px\" \/><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><b>Strategic Partnership:<\/b>\n<ul>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"2\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">India and Qatar have upgraded their relationship to a<\/span><b> Strategic Partnership,<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> joining other Gulf Cooperation Council (GCC) countries like the <\/span><b>UAE, Saudi Arabia, Oman, and Kuwait<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">.<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><b>Economic and Trade Cooperation:<\/b>\n<ul>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"2\"><b>Target to Double Bilateral Trade by 2030:<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> Trade between the two countries is <\/span><b>$14 billion annually,<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> and they set a target to<\/span><b> double it to $28 billion by 2030<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"2\"><b>Comprehensive Economic Partnership Agreement (CEPA):<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> Exploration of a bilateral CEPA to further enhance trade and economic ties.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"2\"><b>Qatar Investment Authority (QIA):<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> Qatar announced a <\/span><b>$10 billion investment commitment<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> in India, focusing on infrastructure, technology, manufacturing, and other sectors.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"2\"><b>Avoidance of Double Taxation: <\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Revised Agreement for the Avoidance of Double Taxation and the Prevention of Fiscal Evasion with Respect to Taxes on Income and its Protocol<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><b>Energy Cooperation:<\/b>\n<ul>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"2\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Both sides agreed to enhance energy cooperation, including mutual investments in energy infrastructure and regular meetings of the <\/span><b>Joint Task Force on Energy<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">.<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><b>Digital and Financial Collaboration:<\/b>\n<ul>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"2\"><b>Unified Payment Interface (UPI):<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> Operationalization of India\u2019s UPI in Qatar, with plans for a<\/span><b> nationwide rollout, <\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">facilitating easier financial transactions.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"2\"><b>Settlement of Bilateral Trade in Local Currencies:<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> Exploration of trade settlement in <\/span><b>Indian Rupees and Qatari Riyals <\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">to reduce dependency on third-party currencies.<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><b>Security and Counter-Terrorism:<\/b>\n<ul>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"2\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Both leaders condemned terrorism in all forms and agreed to enhance cooperation in intelligence sharing, cybersecurity, and law enforcement.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"2\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Regular meetings of the <\/span><b>Joint Committee on Security and Law Enforcement<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> were emphasized.<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><b>Cultural and People-to-People Ties:<\/b>\n<ul>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"2\"><b>India-Qatar Year of Culture, Friendship, and Sports:<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> Planned celebrations to strengthen cultural and sports ties.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"2\"><b>E-Visa Facility:<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> Qatar welcomed India\u2019s extension of e-visa facilities to Qatari nationals, facilitating easier travel.<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<li><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"wp-image-156133 alignright\" src=\"https:\/\/pwonlyias.com\/stage\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/02\/202-67b72d3741e43.webp\" alt=\"Qatar \" width=\"452\" height=\"269\" srcset=\"https:\/\/pwonlyias.com\/stage\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/02\/202-67b72d3741e43.webp 817w, https:\/\/pwonlyias.com\/stage\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/02\/202-67b72d3741e43-300x178.webp 300w, https:\/\/pwonlyias.com\/stage\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/02\/202-67b72d3741e43-768x457.webp 768w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 452px) 100vw, 452px\" \/><b>Health and Education Cooperation:<\/b><\/li>\n<li style=\"list-style-type: none;\">\n<ul>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"2\"><b>Health Collaboration:<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> Strengthening cooperation in healthcare, including the export of Indian pharmaceutical products and medical devices to Qatar.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"2\"><b>Education:<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> Enhanced institutional linkages, academic exchanges, and joint research initiatives between educational institutions.<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><b>Multilateral Cooperation:<\/b>\n<ul>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"2\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Both sides emphasized the importance of <\/span><b>UN reforms<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">, including Security Council reform, and agreed to support each other\u2019s candidatures in multilateral forums.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"2\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Qatar assured full support for deepening <\/span><b>India-GCC cooperation<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> under the recently adopted Joint Action Plan.<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h2><span style=\"font-size: 18pt;\"><b>Timeline of India-Qatar Diplomatic Relations<\/b><\/span><\/h2>\n<ul>\n<li><b>1971:<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> Qatar gains independence from British rule.<\/span><\/li>\n<li><b>1973:<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> India establishes its <\/span><b>Embassy in Doha<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">, marking the beginning of formal diplomatic ties.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><b>1999:<\/b> <b>Amir Sheikh Hamad bin Khalifa Al-Thani<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> (Father Amir) visits India, the first high-level visit from Qatar.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><b>2008:<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> India and Qatar <\/span><b>sign a Defence Cooperation Agreement<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> to enhance maritime security.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><b>2009:<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> Qatar supplies <\/span><b>LNG to India under a long-term contract<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">.<\/span><\/li>\n<li><b>2016 (June):<\/b> <b>PM Narendra Modi visits Qatar<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">, leading to seven major agreements, including:<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"list-style-type: none;\">\n<ul>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"2\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Investment in India&#8217;s <\/span><b>National Investment &#038; Infrastructure Fund (NIIF)<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"2\"><b>MoU between Financial Intelligence Unit \u2013 India (FIU-IND) and the Qatar Financial Information Unit (QFIU)<\/b><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><b>2018:<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> India and Qatar <\/span><b>renew their Defence Cooperation Agreement<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> for another five years.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><b>2019:<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> India-Qatar <\/span><b>Year of Culture<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> is celebrated, enhancing cultural exchanges.<\/span><\/li>\n<li><b>2023:<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> India-GCC <\/span><b>Joint Ministerial Meeting<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">, chaired by Qatar, focuses on deepening ties.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><b>2025:<\/b> <b>Qatar\u2019s Amir visits India<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> and signs a <\/span><b>Strategic Partnership Agreement<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">, committing $10 billion in investment and doubling trade targets to <\/span><b>$28 billion by 2030.<\/b><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h2><span style=\"font-size: 18pt;\"><b>India-Qatar Bilateral Relations<\/b><\/span><\/h2>\n<h3><span style=\"font-size: 16pt;\"><b>Political Relations<\/b><\/span><\/h3>\n<ul>\n<li><b>Historically strong ties<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> with regular high-level visits and diplomatic engagements.<\/span><\/li>\n<li><b>Ancient Era:<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> India and Qatar shared strong <\/span><b>maritime trade links<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">, with Indian traders supplying textiles, spices, and pearls.<\/span><\/li>\n<li><b>Recent high-level visits:<\/b>\n<ul>\n<li><b>February 2025<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">: Qatar\u2019s Amir Sheikh Tamim bin Hamad Al Thani visited India and elevated ties to a <\/span><b>Strategic Partnership<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">.<\/span><\/li>\n<li><b>February 2024<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">: PM Modi\u2019s visit to Qatar focused on trade, energy, and investment.<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<li><b>Key Political Agreements<\/b>\n<ul>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"2\"><b>Exploring a Free Trade Agreement (FTA) between India and Qatar.<\/b><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"2\"><b>Joint Task Force on Energy:<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> Established in 2020, held multiple meetings.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"2\"><b>Joint Committee on Security and Law Enforcement:<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> Focus on cybersecurity, counter-terrorism, and drug trafficking.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"2\"><b>Joint Working Group on Labour and Manpower Development:<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> 7th meeting held in May 2022.<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<li><b>Multilateral Cooperation<\/b>\n<ul>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"2\"><b>India and Qatar support UN reforms<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">, including restructuring the <\/span><b>UN Security Council<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"2\"><b>Regular coordination in multilateral organizations like the UN, GCC, and WTO.<\/b><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h3><span style=\"font-size: 16pt;\"><b>Defence &#038; Security Cooperation<\/b><\/span><\/h3>\n<ul>\n<li><b>India-Qatar Defence Cooperation Agreement (2008, renewed in 2018)<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> facilitates collaboration in security and maritime issues.<\/span><\/li>\n<li><b>Defence Exercises &#038; Visits:<\/b>\n<ul>\n<li><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Indian Navy and Coast Guard <\/span><b>regularly visit Qatar<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">.<\/span><\/li>\n<li><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Bilateral maritime exercise: &#8220;<\/span><b>Za&#8217;ir Al-Bahr&#8221;<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> (Roar of the Sea)<\/span><\/li>\n<li><b>Joint Defence Cooperation Committee (JDCC)<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> meets periodically.<\/span><\/li>\n<li><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Indian defence institutions provide <\/span><b>training slots for Qatari personnel<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">.<\/span><\/li>\n<li><b>Indian Air Force\u2019s C-17 aircraft participated in COVID-19 relief efforts in Qatar.<\/b><\/li>\n<li><b>Doha International Maritime Defence Exhibition (DIMDEX):<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> India regularly participates.<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<li><b>Counter-Terrorism &#038; Cybersecurity: <\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Both countries <\/span><b>unequivocally condemned terrorism<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> and agreed to:<\/span>\n<ul>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"2\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Enhance <\/span><b>intelligence sharing<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"2\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Strengthen <\/span><b>law enforcement cooperation<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"2\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Address <\/span><b>cyber threats, radicalization, and financial crimes.<\/b><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"2\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Participate in joint <\/span><b>counter-terrorism efforts<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> under multilateral forums.<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h3><span style=\"font-size: 16pt;\"><b>Commercial &#038; Investment Relations<\/b><\/span><\/h3>\n<ul>\n<li><b>Bilateral Trade<\/b>\n<ul>\n<li><b>Bilateral Trade (2023-24):<\/b> <b>$14 billion<\/b><\/li>\n<li><b>Target for 2030:<\/b> <b>$28 billion<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> (doubling in 5 years).<\/span><\/li>\n<li><b>India is Qatar\u2019s 3rd largest trading partner.<\/b><\/li>\n<li><b>Qatar\u2019s Key Exports to India:<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> LNG, LPG, chemicals, petrochemicals, plastics, and aluminum.<\/span><\/li>\n<li><b>India\u2019s Key Exports to Qatar:<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> Cereals, copper articles, iron, steel, vegetables, fruits, spices, and processed food products.<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<li><b>Energy Cooperation:<\/b>\n<ul>\n<li><b>LNG Supply:<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> Qatar is the largest supplier of LNG to India, accounting for <\/span><b>48% of India\u2019s global LNG imports<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">.<\/span>\n<ul>\n<li><b>2024 Agreement:<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> QatarEnergy signed a 20-year LNG supply deal with Petronet LNG for 7.5 MMTPA starting 2028.<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<li><b>LPG Supply:<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> Qatar is also India\u2019s largest supplier of LPG, accounting for <\/span><b>29% of India\u2019s total LPG imports<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">.<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<li><b>Investment Relations<\/b>\n<ul>\n<li><b>Qatar Investment Authority (QIA) has invested $1.5 billion in India<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">, focusing on:<\/span>\n<ul>\n<li><b>Infrastructure, power, retail, IT, healthcare, education, affordable housing.<\/b><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<li><b>Qatar committed to investing $10 billion in India (2025).<\/b><\/li>\n<li><b>Joint Task Force on Investment (JTFI)<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> to promote <\/span><b>Qatari FDI<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> in India.<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<li><b>India-Qatar Free Trade Agreement (FTA) &#038; Financial Integration<\/b>\n<ul>\n<li><b>India and Qatar exploring a bilateral FTA<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> alongside India-GCC FTA negotiations.<\/span><\/li>\n<li><b>UPI Integration:<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> India\u2019s <\/span><b>Unified Payments Interface (UPI)<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> launched in Qatar to facilitate digital transactions.<\/span><\/li>\n<li><b>Discussion on bilateral trade settlement in local currencies.<\/b><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h3><span style=\"font-size: 16pt;\"><b>Cultural Relations<\/b><\/span><\/h3>\n<ul>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><b>India-Qatar Year of Culture (2019):<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> Over 45 cultural events organized in Qatar.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><b>International Day of Yoga:<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> Qatar co-sponsored the UN resolution, and the day is celebrated annually.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><b>Ayurveda:<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> Qatar has allowed the practice of complementary medicine, including Ayurveda.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><b>Regular cultural exchanges under the Agreement on Cultural Cooperation (2012).<\/b><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><b>India participated in Qatar\u2019s MENASA Year of Culture 2022.<\/b><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h3><span style=\"font-size: 16pt;\"><b>Indian Community in Qatar<\/b><\/span><\/h3>\n<ul>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><b>Population:<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> Over <\/span><b>835,000 Indian nationals<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> (as of December 2023), making up <\/span><b>27% of Qatar\u2019s total population<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><b>Contribution:<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> Indians are highly regarded for their honesty, hard work, and contributions to Qatar\u2019s development.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><b>Labour Reforms:<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> Qatar has introduced reforms like the<\/span><b> abolition of the<\/b> <b>Kafala system, <\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">minimum wage laws, and labour dispute settlement committees.<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h2><span style=\"font-size: 18pt;\"><b>Significance of Qatar for India<\/b><\/span><\/h2>\n<ul>\n<li aria-level=\"1\"><b>Energy Security<\/b>\n<ul>\n<li><b>Largest Supplier of LNG: <\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Qatar is India\u2019s <\/span><b>largest supplier of Liquefied Natural Gas (LNG)<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">.<\/span>\n<ul>\n<li><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">In 2024, QatarEnergy signed a <\/span><b>20-year LNG supply deal<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> with Petronet LNG, ensuring <\/span><b>energy security<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> for India, which is crucial for its growing economy and energy demands.<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<li><b>LPG Imports: <\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Qatar is also India\u2019s <\/span><b>largest supplier of Liquefied Petroleum Gas (LPG)<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">, accounting for <\/span><b>29% of India\u2019s total LPG imports<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">.<\/span>\n<ul>\n<li><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">LPG is essential for India\u2019s domestic and industrial needs, particularly for cooking gas under schemes like <\/span><b>Pradhan Mantri Ujjwala Yojana<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">.<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<li><b>Diversification of Energy Sources: <\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Qatar\u2019s stable and reliable energy supplies help India <\/span><b>diversify its energy sources<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">, reducing dependency on other regions and ensuring energy security.<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<li aria-level=\"1\"><b>Economic and Trade Relations<\/b>\n<ul>\n<li><b>Trade:<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> While India has a trade deficit with Qatar due to high energy imports, the relationship is mutually beneficial, with Qatar being one of India\u2019s top trading partners in the Gulf region.<\/span><\/li>\n<li><b>Economic Diversification: <\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Both countries are exploring opportunities beyond energy, such as <\/span><b>technology, manufacturing, food security, and logistics<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">, to diversify economic ties.<\/span><\/li>\n<li><b>Remittances: <\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">The Indian diaspora sends significant <\/span><b>remittances<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> back to India, contributing to India\u2019s foreign exchange reserves and economic growth.<\/span>\n<ul>\n<li><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">UAE, Saudi Arabia, Kuwait, Oman, and Qatar collectively contribute<\/span><b> 11% to India&#8217;s total remittances.<\/b><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<li aria-level=\"1\"><b>Strategic and Defence Cooperation<\/b>\n<ul>\n<li><b>Defence Agreements: <\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">India and Qatar have a <\/span><b>Defence Cooperation Agreement<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> (signed in 2008 and extended in 2018), which facilitates joint exercises, training, and technology sharing.<\/span><\/li>\n<li><b>Maritime Security: <\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Qatar\u2019s strategic location in the <\/span><b>Persian Gulf<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> makes it an important partner for India in ensuring <\/span><b>maritime security<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> in the region.<\/span>\n<ul>\n<li><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Indian Naval ships regularly visit Qatar, and both countries participate in the <\/span><b>Doha International Maritime Defence Exhibition (DIMDEX)<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">.<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<li><b>Counter-Terrorism and Security: <\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Both countries cooperate on <\/span><b>counter-terrorism, cybersecurity, and law enforcement<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> through the <\/span><b>Joint Committee on Security and Law Enforcement<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">.<\/span>\n<ul>\n<li><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Qatar\u2019s role in regional stability aligns with India\u2019s interests in the Middle East.<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<li aria-level=\"1\"><b>Regional and Multilateral Cooperation<\/b>\n<ul>\n<li><b>Gulf Cooperation Council (GCC): <\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Qatar plays a key role in the GCC, and India\u2019s growing ties with Qatar enhance its engagement with the broader Gulf region.<\/span>\n<ul>\n<li><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Qatar supported the <\/span><b>India-GCC Joint Ministerial Meeting for Strategic Dialogue<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> in 2024, fostering regional cooperation.<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<li><b>Multilateral Forums: <\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Both countries cooperate in multilateral forums like the <\/span><b>United Nations (UN)<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">, where they support each other\u2019s candidatures and advocate for <\/span><b>UN reforms<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">, including Security Council expansion.<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<li aria-level=\"1\"><b>Food Security and Supply Chains<\/b>\n<ul>\n<li><b>Food Exports: <\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">India is a major exporter of <\/span><b>food products, vegetables, and cereals<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> to Qatar, ensuring food security for the Gulf nation.<\/span>\n<ul>\n<li><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Qatar\u2019s reliance on Indian food exports strengthens economic ties and provides a stable market for Indian agricultural products.<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<li><b>Supply Chain Resilience: <\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Both countries are working to strengthen <\/span><b>supply chains<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">, particularly in the post-COVID-19 era, to ensure the smooth flow of essential goods.<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<li><b>Strategic Location and Connectivity<\/b><\/li>\n<li style=\"list-style-type: none;\">\n<ul>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"2\"><b>Geopolitical Significance: <\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Qatar\u2019s strategic location in the <\/span><b>Persian Gulf<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> makes it a key player in regional geopolitics. India\u2019s strong ties with Qatar help it navigate complex regional dynamics, particularly in the <\/span><b>Middle East<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">.<\/span>\n<ul>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"3\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Qatar\u2019s role as a <\/span><b>mediator<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> in regional conflicts (e.g., Israel-Hamas negotiations) aligns with India\u2019s interests in promoting peace and stability.<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"2\"><b>Connectivity: <\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Qatar\u2019s world-class infrastructure, including <\/span><b>Hamad International Airport<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> and <\/span><b>Hamad Port<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">, facilitates trade and connectivity between India and the Gulf region.<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h2><span style=\"font-size: 18pt;\"><b>Challenges in India-Qatar Relations<\/b><\/span><\/h2>\n<ul>\n<li aria-level=\"1\"><b>Energy Dependence &#038; Price Volatility: India is heavily dependent on Qatar for LNG and LPG<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">, with Qatar supplying <\/span><b>48% of India\u2019s LNG imports<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">.<\/span>\n<ul>\n<li><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Fluctuating <\/span><b>energy prices impact India&#8217;s economy<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">, and dependence on Qatar makes it vulnerable to supply disruptions.<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<li><b>Trade &#038; Investment Imbalance: <\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">India <\/span><b>imports more than it exports<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">, mainly due to energy imports.<\/span>\n<ul>\n<li><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Total trade (<\/span><b>2023-24)<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">: <\/span><b>$14.08 billion,<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> with India\u2019s imports at $1.7 billion and <\/span><b>imports at $12.3 billion.<\/b><\/li>\n<li><b>India has received $1.5 billion in FDI from Qatar<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">, but investment approvals and regulatory hurdles delay projects.<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<li><b>Geopolitical &#038; West Asia Conflicts<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">: Qatar has close ties with <\/span><b>Iran, Turkey, and Islamist groups like the Muslim Brotherhood<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">, which may not align with India&#8217;s interests.<\/span>\n<ul>\n<li><b>Qatar\u2019s mediation role<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> in the <\/span><b>Israel-Palestine conflict<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> and <\/span><b>Taliban negotiations<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> sometimes puts it in opposition to India&#8217;s diplomatic stance.<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<li aria-level=\"1\"><b>Security &#038; Terrorism Concerns: <\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Qatar has been accused of <\/span><b>funding radical Islamist groups<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">, which <\/span><b>raises security concerns for India<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">.<\/span>\n<ul>\n<li><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">India needs to <\/span><b>secure its energy supply routes<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> from Qatar amid <\/span><b>regional tensions in the Persian Gulf<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">.<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<li aria-level=\"1\"><b>Treatment of Indian Expatriates &#038; Labor Issues: Reports of mistreatment<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> of migrant workers in construction and service industries.<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<div class=\"vc_table_green\"><\/p>\n<table style=\"width: 99.8996%;\">\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<th style=\"width: 100%; border-style: solid; border-color: #000000; background-color: rgba(184, 165, 217, 0.53); text-align: left; vertical-align: middle;\">\n<h2><span style=\"font-size: 18pt; color: #000000;\"><b>About Kafala System<\/b><\/span><\/h2>\n<ul>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"color: #000000;\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">The Kafala system is a <\/span><b>sponsorship system used to monitor migrant labourers<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">, primarily in the Gulf Cooperation Council (GCC) countries.\u00a0<\/span><\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"color: #000000;\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">It <\/span><b>legally binds<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> migrant workers to their employers (sponsors) for their <\/span><b>visa and legal residency, <\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">giving employers extensive control over their employees.<\/span><\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"color: #000000;\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Employers often<\/span><b> confiscate the passports of migrant workers<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> upon arrival, even though this is illegal in most host countries.<\/span><\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/th>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<p><\/div>\n<ul>\n<li style=\"list-style-type: none;\">\n<ul>\n<li><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">During the <\/span><b>construction of stadiums for the 2022 FIFA World Cup<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">, reports emerged of <\/span><b>poor living conditions and delayed wages<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> for migrant workers.<\/span><\/li>\n<li><b>Legal challenges: Kafala system (sponsorship-based employment system)<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> creates dependency on employers, sometimes leading to exploitation.<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<li><b>Diplomatic Strains &#038; Legal Issues<\/b>\n<ul>\n<li><b>Indian Navy Veterans Espionage Case (2022-2024): <\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Eight former Indian Navy personnel were arrested in Qatar on espionage charges.<\/span>\n<ul>\n<li><b>Initially sentenced to death<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">, later commuted after diplomatic intervention. <\/span><b>One officer (Purnendu Tiwari) remains in Qatar<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">, affecting diplomatic relations.<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<li><b>Legal &#038; Judicial Barriers: Slow legal processes<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> in Qatar for Indian citizens facing trials.<\/span>\n<ul>\n<li><b>Visa and travel restrictions<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> for Indian professionals.<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<li aria-level=\"1\"><b>Free Trade Agreement (FTA) &#038; Economic Barriers: <\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Slow progress on<\/span><b> India-Qatar FTA negotiations<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">.<\/span>\n<ul>\n<li><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Indian companies <\/span><b>face restrictions<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> in some Qatari sectors.<\/span><\/li>\n<li><b>Qatar&#8217;s protectionist policies<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> make it <\/span><b>difficult for Indian businesses<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> to expand operations.<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<li><b>Cultural &#038; Religious Sensitivities: <\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">India\u2019s policies on certain issues<\/span><b> (e.g., CAA, NRC, Hijab Ban) <\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">have faced<\/span><b> criticism <\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">in the Gulf, including Qatar<\/span><b>.<\/b><\/li>\n<li style=\"list-style-type: none;\">\n<ul>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"2\"><b>Controversial remarks by Indian politicians<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> on Islamic prophet Muhammad led to <\/span><b>diplomatic protests from Qatar (2022)<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">.<\/span>\n<ul>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"3\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Calls for <\/span><b>boycotts of Indian products<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> in Gulf nations over religious tensions.<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h2><span style=\"font-size: 18pt;\"><b>Way Forward for Strengthening India-Qatar Relations<\/b><\/span><\/h2>\n<ul>\n<li><b>Diversify Trade &#038; Investment Ties: <\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Balancing the trade deficit and attracting Qatari FDI will create a more sustainable economic partnership.<\/span>\n<ul>\n<li><b>Fast-track the India-Qatar Free Trade Agreement (FTA)<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> to boost bilateral trade and remove tariff barriers.<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<li><b>Strengthen Energy Cooperation &#038; Price Negotiations: <\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Reducing dependence on volatile LNG prices and diversifying the energy partnership will enhance India&#8217;s energy security.<\/span>\n<ul>\n<li><b>Expand cooperation in renewable energy<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">, including <\/span><b>green hydrogen, solar, and wind energy<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> projects.<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<li><b>Enhance Defence &#038; Maritime Security Ties: <\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Strengthening defence ties will boost <\/span><b>regional security, maritime safety, and India&#8217;s strategic influence in the Gulf<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">.<\/span>\n<ul>\n<li><b>Increase joint military exercises and naval cooperation<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> for <\/span><b>maritime security in the Persian Gulf<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">.<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<li><b>Improve Indian Expatriate Welfare &#038; Labour Rights: Strengthen agreements on labor rights<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> to ensure better working conditions for Indian workers.<\/span>\n<ul>\n<li><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Protecting the <\/span><b>700,000+ Indian expatriates<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> will improve India\u2019s image and foster goodwill.<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<li><b>Deepen Digital &#038; Financial Cooperation: <\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Strengthening <\/span><b>digital and financial integration<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> will enhance trade efficiency and boost economic collaboration.<\/span>\n<ul>\n<li><b>Expand India\u2019s digital payment infrastructure (UPI) across Qatar<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> for smoother remittances and business transactions.<\/span><\/li>\n<li><b>Explore local currency trade settlements (INR-QAR)<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> to reduce dependency on the US dollar in bilateral trade.<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<li aria-level=\"1\"><b>Strengthen Cultural &#038; People-to-People Ties: <\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Cultural diplomacy enhances <\/span><b>soft power<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> and strengthens long-term <\/span><b>bilateral goodwill<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">.<\/span>\n<ul>\n<li><b>Increase cultural exchanges, sports partnerships, and tourism initiatives<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> (e.g., &#8220;India-Qatar Year of Culture&#8221;).<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<li><b>Manage Geopolitical Sensitivities &#038; Crisis Diplomacy: Strengthen India\u2019s role in West Asia\u2019s diplomatic efforts<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">, ensuring <\/span><b>neutrality on sensitive issues<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> like Israel-Palestine.<\/span>\n<ul>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"2\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">A <\/span><b>proactive foreign policy<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> will help <\/span><b>mitigate diplomatic strains and protect India\u2019s interests<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> in the Gulf.<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h2><span style=\"font-size: 18pt;\"><b>Conclusion<\/b><\/span><\/h2>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">India and Qatar have elevated their ties to a <\/span><b>Strategic Partnership<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> with a focus on <\/span><b>trade, investment, energy, security, and cultural exchange<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">. Future cooperation will expand into <\/span><b>renewable energy, startups, AI, and advanced technology<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> while strengthening <\/span><b>economic and people-to-people ties<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">.<\/span><\/p>\n<div class=\"vc_table_green\"><\/p>\n<table style=\"width: 99.6375%;\">\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"width: 111.19%; text-align: center;\" colspan=\"2\"><span style=\"font-size: 18pt;\"><b>Also Read<\/b><\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"width: 49.797%; text-align: center;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/pwonlyias.com\/stage\/editorial-analysis\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"><b>UPSC Daily Editorials<\/b><\/a><\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 61.393%; text-align: center;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/pwonlyias.com\/stage\/daily-current-affairs\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"><b>UPSC Daily Current Affairs<\/b><\/a><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"width: 49.797%; text-align: center;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/pwonlyias.com\/stage\/quiz\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"><b>Daily Current Affairs Quiz<\/b><\/a><\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 61.393%; text-align: center;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/pwonlyias.com\/stage\/mains-answer-writing\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"><b>Daily Main Answer Writing<\/b><\/a><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"width: 49.797%; text-align: center;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/store.pw.live\/govt-entrance-exams\/upsc-books\/upsc-previous-year-papers?utm_source=SEO&#038;utm_medium=PW+Live&#038;utm_campaign=UPSC+Previous+Year+Papers\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"><b>Check Out Previous Years Papers From PW Store<\/b><\/a><\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 61.393%; text-align: center;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/pwonlyias.com\/stage\/upsc-test-series-courses\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"><b>UPSC Test Series<\/b><\/a><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"width: 49.797%; text-align: center;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/store.pw.live\/govt-entrance-exams\/upsc-books\/upsc-textbooks?utm_source=SEO&#038;utm_medium=PW+Live&#038;utm_campaign=UPSC+Textbooks\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"><b>Check Out UPSC NCERT Textbooks From PW Store<\/b><\/a><\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 61.393%; text-align: center;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/store.pw.live\/govt-entrance-exams\/upsc-books\/upsc-modules?utm_source=SEO&#038;utm_medium=PW+Live&#038;utm_campaign=UPSC+Modules\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"><b>Check Out UPSC Modules From PW Store<\/b><\/a><b>\u00a0<\/b><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<p><\/div>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>The Amir of the State of Qatar, Sheikh Tamim bin Hamad Al-Thani paid a State Visit to India on 17-18 February 2025.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":11,"featured_media":156142,"menu_order":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"rank_math_lock_modified_date":false,"footnotes":""},"tags":[],"paper-wise":[2084],"subject":[2102],"acf":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/pwonlyias.com\/stage\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/current-affairs\/156172"}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/pwonlyias.com\/stage\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/current-affairs"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/pwonlyias.com\/stage\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/current-affairs"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/pwonlyias.com\/stage\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/11"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/pwonlyias.com\/stage\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=156172"}],"version-history":[{"count":2,"href":"https:\/\/pwonlyias.com\/stage\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/current-affairs\/156172\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":156176,"href":"https:\/\/pwonlyias.com\/stage\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/current-affairs\/156172\/revisions\/156176"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/pwonlyias.com\/stage\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/156142"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/pwonlyias.com\/stage\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=156172"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/pwonlyias.com\/stage\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=156172"},{"taxonomy":"paper-wise","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/pwonlyias.com\/stage\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/paper-wise?post=156172"},{"taxonomy":"subject","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/pwonlyias.com\/stage\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/subject?post=156172"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}