{"id":157593,"date":"2025-03-04T19:04:52","date_gmt":"2025-03-04T13:34:52","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/pwonlyias.com\/stage\/?post_type=current-affairs&#038;p=157593"},"modified":"2025-03-04T19:04:52","modified_gmt":"2025-03-04T13:34:52","slug":"bose-metal","status":"publish","type":"current-affairs","link":"https:\/\/pwonlyias.com\/stage\/current-affairs\/bose-metal","title":{"rendered":"Bose Metal"},"content":{"rendered":"<p><b>Niobium Diselenide (NbSe2)<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> has shown <\/span><b>strong possibilities containing properties of a Bose Metal,<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> as found out by a team of researchers from China and Japan in a recent report.<\/span><\/p>\n<div class=\"vc_table_green\"><\/p>\n<table style=\"width: 99.8996%;\">\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<th style=\"width: 100%; border-style: solid; border-color: #000000; background-color: rgba(184, 165, 217, 0.53); text-align: left; vertical-align: middle;\">\n<h2><span style=\"font-size: 18pt; color: #000000;\"><b>About the Research<\/b><\/span><\/h2>\n<ul>\n<li><span style=\"color: #000000;\"><b>Published In: <\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">The research is <\/span><b>published in the journal Physical Review Letters\u00a0<\/b><\/span><\/li>\n<li><span style=\"color: #000000;\"><b>Subject: <\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">To characterize how the<\/span><b> Anomalous Metallic State (AMS) in NbSe2 emerges as the material becomes thinner.<\/b><\/span><\/li>\n<li><span style=\"color: #000000;\"><b>Technology: Raman spectroscopy was used to find the thin NbSe2 had Cooper pairs <\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">without entering a superconducting state and the material\u2019s Hall resistance vanished as the team increased its thickness.\u00a0<\/span><\/span><\/li>\n<li><span style=\"color: #000000;\"><b>Findings:<\/b><\/span>\n<ul>\n<li><span style=\"color: #000000;\"><b>Evidence consistent with a Bose metal in atomically thin films of niobium diselenide <\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">(NbSe2) has been found.\u00a0<\/span><\/span>\n<ul>\n<li><span style=\"color: #000000;\"><b>Mixed State:<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> NbSe2 <\/span><b>becomes a superconductor at low temperature but with additional \u2018abilities<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">\u2019 ie. superconductivity along with the presence of magnetic field<\/span><\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<li><span style=\"color: #000000;\"><b>Type -II Superconductors: <\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">\u00a0NbSe2<\/span><b> enters a mixed state w<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">hen the field strength is slowly increased and<\/span><b> remains superconducting but also allows the magnetic field to enter its body in small<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">, isolated pockets without spreading through its bulk.<\/span><\/span>\n<ul>\n<li><span style=\"color: #000000;\"><b>Superconductivity and Magnetic field cannot exist <\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">simultaneously in a metal.<\/span><\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<li><span style=\"color: #000000;\"><b>Superconducting Collapse: <\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">When the magnetic field continues to strengthen, beyond an upper threshold the <\/span><b>superconducting state will collapse<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> and NbSe2 will revert to its pre-superconducting state.<\/span><\/span><\/li>\n<li><span style=\"color: #000000;\"><b>Vanishing Hall Resistance: <\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">The Hall resistance <\/span><b>vanished in NbSe2 signaling that its charge-carriers are Cooper pairs ra<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">ther than electrons.<\/span><\/span>\n<ul>\n<li><span style=\"color: #000000;\"><b>Hall Resistance:<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> It is the r<\/span><b>esistance associated with the voltage which develops in the perpendicular direction <\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">when a piece of regular metal is placed in a magnetic field and a current is passed through it<\/span><\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<li><span style=\"color: #000000;\"><b>Significance:\u00a0<\/b><\/span>\n<ul>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"2\"><span style=\"color: #000000;\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">The findings impose <\/span><b>\u201climitations on theories centred around\u201d pockets of superconductivity in a non-superconducting material <\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">and the coexistence of superconducting and non-superconducting phases in the same material.<\/span><\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"2\"><span style=\"color: #000000;\"><b>To Understand Disordered Metals: <\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Studying AMSs is important to understand Disordered metals.\u00a0<\/span><\/span>\n<ul>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"3\"><span style=\"color: #000000;\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">They have<\/span><b> deviant properties which are not fully understood and studying them will help scientists <\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">probe a variety <\/span><b>of quantum processes.<\/b><\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/th>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<p><\/div>\n<h2><span style=\"font-size: 18pt;\"><b>About Bose Metal<\/b><\/span><\/h2>\n<ul>\n<li><b>A Bose metal is a theoretical concep<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">t that could, in principle, account for the<\/span><b> observed properties of a so-called anomalous metallic state (AMS)<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">, which differ from those of the regular metallic state<\/span>\n<ul>\n<li><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Bose metals have<\/span><b> only been predicted to exist in specific materials without any physical evidence of their existence found yet<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">.<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<li><b>Formation: <\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Bose metals are<\/span><b> made of Cooper pairs, which form at very low temperatures in superconducting films<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> as an intermediate phase<\/span><b> between superconductivity and superinsulation.<\/b><\/li>\n<li><b>Characteristics:\u00a0<\/b>\n<ul>\n<li><b>Anomalous Metallic State (AMS):<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> Bose metals are a<\/span><b> type of AMS, w<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">here the behavior deviates from typical metallic properties.\u00a0<\/span><\/li>\n<li><b>Cooper Pairs: <\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">These are<\/span><b> pairs of electrons that can form in certain materials at very low temperatures, <\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">and are crucial for superconductivity.\u00a0<\/span><\/li>\n<li><b>No Superconductivity:<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> In a Bose metal, although Cooper pairs form,<\/span><b> but they don&#8217;t establish long-range superconducting coherence ie. <\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">they don&#8217;t transition into a superconducting state where electricity can flow with zero resistance.\u00a0<\/span><\/li>\n<li><b>Intermediate State: <\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Bose metals exist <\/span><b>as an intermediate state between a normal metal and a superconductor, <\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">challenging traditional theories of condensed matter physics.\u00a0<\/span><\/li>\n<li><b>Conductivity:<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> Unlike traditional metals, <\/span><b>Bose metals exhibit conductivity that remains between zero (insulation) and infinity (superconductivity)\u00a0 <\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">at near absolute zero temperature.<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<li><b>Limitations of Bose Metals:<\/b>\n<ul>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"2\"><b>No Practical Applications: <\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Bose metals exist just in theory with no direct industrial or technological applications found yet.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"2\"><b>Experimental Challenges: <\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">To realize the existence of bose metals requires huge investments in experiments which conducts precise control over temperature, thickness, and magnetic fields, which can be difficult to achieve.\u00a0<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"2\"><b>Not Defined Yet: <\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Scientists debate whether Bose metals are distinct quantum states or transitional phases, leading to uncertainty in their characterization.\u00a0<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"2\"><b>Disorder and Localization:<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> Bose metals can exist in disordered systems if the disorder is strong enough to localize some pairs, and a metallic state can be produced on top of a transition.\u00a0<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<div class=\"vc_table_green\"><\/p>\n<table 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report.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":11,"featured_media":157584,"menu_order":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"rank_math_lock_modified_date":false,"footnotes":""},"tags":[],"paper-wise":[2089],"subject":[2092],"acf":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/pwonlyias.com\/stage\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/current-affairs\/157593"}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/pwonlyias.com\/stage\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/current-affairs"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/pwonlyias.com\/stage\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/current-affairs"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/pwonlyias.com\/stage\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/11"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/pwonlyias.com\/stage\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=157593"}],"version-history":[{"count":2,"href":"https:\/\/pwonlyias.com\/stage\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/current-affairs\/157593\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":157597,"href":"https:\/\/pwonlyias.com\/stage\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/current-affairs\/157593\/revisions\/157597"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/pwonlyias.com\/stage\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/157584"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/pwonlyias.com\/stage\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=157593"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/pwonlyias.com\/stage\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=157593"},{"taxonomy":"paper-wise","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/pwonlyias.com\/stage\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/paper-wise?post=157593"},{"taxonomy":"subject","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/pwonlyias.com\/stage\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/subject?post=157593"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}