{"id":161328,"date":"2025-04-07T19:10:21","date_gmt":"2025-04-07T13:40:21","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/pwonlyias.com\/stage\/?post_type=current-affairs&#038;p=161328"},"modified":"2025-04-07T19:10:21","modified_gmt":"2025-04-07T13:40:21","slug":"news-in-shorts-07-april-2025","status":"publish","type":"current-affairs","link":"https:\/\/pwonlyias.com\/stage\/current-affairs\/news-in-shorts-07-april-2025","title":{"rendered":"News in Shorts: 07 April 2025"},"content":{"rendered":"<h2 style=\"text-align: center;\"><span style=\"font-size: 18pt;\"><b>Hadean Protocrust<\/b><\/span><\/h2>\n<p><b>Context: <\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Researchers from Macquarie University in Australia challenged earlier beliefs about plate tectonics.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">They found chemical signatures thought to be caused by plate movements existed even in the Hadean protocrust, before subduction began<\/span><b>.<\/b><\/p>\n<h3><span style=\"font-size: 16pt;\"><b>What is the Hadean Protocrust?<\/b><\/span><\/h3>\n<ul>\n<li><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">The Hadean protocrust refers to<\/span><b> the Earth&#8217;s very first crust layer.<\/b><\/li>\n<li><b>Term meaning: <\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">&#8220;Hadean&#8221; reflects the hellish conditions of this period\u2014<\/span><b>marked by extreme heat, volcanic activity, and a partially molten surface.<\/b>\n<ul>\n<li><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">It refers to the planet\u2019s<\/span><b> first geologic aeon.<\/b><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<li><b>Formation: <\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">It formed during the earliest geologic aeon called the Hadean.<\/span>\n<ul>\n<li><b>This period occurred <\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">within 200 million years of Earth&#8217;s formation.<\/span><\/li>\n<li><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">At this time, the Earth&#8217;s surface was molten, bombarded by space rocks, and covered in volcanoes, making it extremely hot and inhospitable.<\/span><\/li>\n<li><b>Formation of the First Crust<\/b>\n<ul>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"3\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">As the Earth&#8217;s magma surface began to cool, parts of it solidified to form the first pieces of crust.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"3\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">The early crust was unstable, with some areas flaking off while others solidified further.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"3\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">The thicker parts eventually formed the first continents.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"3\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">These continents moved on the asthenospheric mantle, a layer of molten rock beneath the crust.<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>\u00a0<\/p>\n<h2 style=\"text-align: center;\"><span style=\"font-size: 18pt;\"><b>Pamban Rail Bridge<\/b><\/span><\/h2>\n<p><b>Context:\u00a0<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Recently the<\/span><b> Pamban Rail Bridge<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> was inaugurated by Prime Minister Narendra Modi on Ram Navami)<\/span><\/p>\n<h3><span style=\"font-size: 16pt;\"><b>Key Features of New Pamban Rail Bridge<\/b><\/span><\/h3>\n<ul>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><b>India\u2019s first vertical lift railway sea bridge<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><b>2.08 km<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> long with <\/span><b>99 fixed spans<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> and a <\/span><b>72.5-meter lift span<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">.<\/span>\n<ul>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"2\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">The lift can rise <\/span><b>17 meters<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> to let large ships pass, raised in just <\/span><b>five minutes<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">.<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Built with <\/span><b>stainless steel reinforcement<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">, <\/span><b>composite sleepers<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">, and <\/span><b>polysiloxane coating<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> for corrosion resistance.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Designed to accommodate <\/span><b>future electrification<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> and <\/span><b>dual tracks<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><b>Limitation:<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> The lifting mechanism cannot operate when winds exceed 58 km\/h, a common condition during cyclone season (October to February).<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">The project was constructed by <\/span><b>Rail Vikas Nigam Limited (RVNL)<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">, costing over <\/span><b>\u20b9550 crore<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">.<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h3><span style=\"font-size: 16pt;\"><b>Strategic and Cultural Importance<\/b><\/span><\/h3>\n<ul>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Rameswaram is a major pilgrimage centre with centuries-old religious significance.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Improved connectivity is expected to <\/span><b>boost tourism<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> and <\/span><b>local business<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">The bridge also carries deep emotional significance, as it played a pivotal role in the early life of <\/span><b>APJ Abdul Kalam<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">, India\u2019s former President.<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h3><span style=\"font-size: 16pt;\"><b>History of the Bridge<\/b><\/span><\/h3>\n<ul>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">The<\/span><b> original Pamban Bridge <\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">was <\/span><b>inaugurated in 1914,<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> designed with a <\/span><b>Scherzer Rolling Lift span to allow ships to pass.<\/b><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">It survived major events like a <\/span><b>1948 tectonic shift and the 1964 cyclone<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> that devastated <\/span><b>Dhanushkodi.<\/b><\/li>\n<li><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Over time, marine corrosion weakened the bridge. After a 2022 IIT Madras study found dangerous <\/span><b>vibrations, operations were halted, ending over a century of service.<\/b><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>\u00a0<\/p>\n<h2 style=\"text-align: center;\"><strong><span style=\"font-size: 18pt;\">Shyamji Krishna Varma<\/span><\/strong><\/h2>\n<p><b>Context: <\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Recently, on the occasion of <\/span><b>Shyamji Krishna Varma\u2019s death anniversary,<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> the Prime Minister paid heartfelt tributes to the great freedom fighter, recalling his invaluable contributions to India&#8217;s struggle for independence.\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<h3><span style=\"font-size: 14pt;\"><b>About Shyamji Krishna Varma<\/b><\/span><\/h3>\n<ul>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><b>Shyamji Krishna Varma was born in 1857<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> in the<\/span><b> Kachchh region of present-day Gujarat<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">. His formative years were spent in India where he received his early education.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><b>Academic Excellence: <\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Varma showcased exceptional academic abilities, particularly in Sanskrit, which led him to pursue higher studies abroad.<\/span>\n<ul>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"2\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">His expertise in Sanskrit eventually earned him the opportunity<\/span><b> to teach the language at the prestigious Oxford University in England.<\/b><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><b>Mentorship and Influence:<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> Shyamji Krishna Varma was an ardent admirer of Dayanand Saraswati, the founder of Arya Samaj.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">He became the<\/span><b> first President of the Bombay Arya Samaj <\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">and <\/span><b>drew inspiration from Saraswati\u2019s call for Indian self-rule<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">.<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h3><span style=\"font-size: 16pt;\"><b>Role in the Indian Independence Movement<\/b><\/span><\/h3>\n<ul>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><b>Establishment of India House and The Indian Sociologist: <\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">In 1905, Shyamji Krishna Varma founded<\/span><b> India House in London\u00a0 and <\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">launched<\/span><b> The Indian Sociologist<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">, a <\/span><b>monthly journal<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">.\u00a0<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><b>India House soon became a hub for radical nationalists<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> and Indian students in Britain, fostering revolutionary ideas and providing a platform for discussions on Indian independence.<\/span>\n<ul>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"2\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">He also significantly influenced young revolutionaries like <\/span><b>Veer Savarkar<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">, who was <\/span><b>an active member of India House.<\/b><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><b>Advocate of Indian Nationalism Abroad:<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> Through the <\/span><b>Indian Home Rule Society <\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">and <\/span><b>his publications<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">, Varma strongly criticized British colonial rule in India.\u00a0<\/span>\n<ul>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"2\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">His initiatives played a critical role in nurturing revolutionary sentiment among Indians living overseas.<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><b>Life in Exile: In 1907<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">, to avoid British prosecution due to his revolutionary activities, Shyamji Krishna Varma <\/span><b>moved to Paris.<\/b>\n<ul>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"2\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">From there, he<\/span><b> continued his advocacy for Indian independence, maintaining his commitment to the cause until his final days.<\/b><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><b>Service in Indian States<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">: Before his activities abroad, Shyamji Krishna Varma also served as the<\/span><b> Diwan (Prime Minister) of several princely states in India<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">, showcasing his administrative acumen and dedication to public service.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><b>Honoring His Legacy: <\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">In recognition of his enduring contribution to India&#8217;s freedom struggle, a<\/span><b> memorial named Kranti Teerth was established near Mandvi, Gujarat<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">, and was inaugurated in 2010.<\/span>\n<ul>\n<li><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Spread across 52 acres, this grand memorial features a<\/span><b>\u00a0 replica of the India House building at Highgate, London.<\/b><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<div class=\"vc_table_green\"><\/p>\n<table style=\"width: 99.6375%;\">\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"width: 111.19%; text-align: center;\" colspan=\"2\"><span style=\"font-size: 18pt;\"><b>Also Read<\/b><\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"width: 49.797%; text-align: center;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/pwonlyias.com\/stage\/editorial-analysis\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"><b>UPSC Daily Editorials<\/b><\/a><\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 61.393%; text-align: center;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/pwonlyias.com\/stage\/daily-current-affairs\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"><b>UPSC Daily Current Affairs<\/b><\/a><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"width: 49.797%; text-align: center;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/pwonlyias.com\/stage\/quiz\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"><b>Daily Current Affairs Quiz<\/b><\/a><\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 61.393%; text-align: center;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/pwonlyias.com\/stage\/mains-answer-writing\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"><b>Daily Main Answer Writing<\/b><\/a><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"width: 49.797%; text-align: center;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/store.pw.live\/govt-entrance-exams\/upsc-books\/upsc-previous-year-papers?utm_source=SEO&#038;utm_medium=PW+Live&#038;utm_campaign=UPSC+Previous+Year+Papers\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"><b>Check Out Previous Years Papers From PW Store<\/b><\/a><\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 61.393%; text-align: center;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/pwonlyias.com\/stage\/upsc-test-series-courses\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"><b>UPSC Test Series<\/b><\/a><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"width: 49.797%; text-align: center;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/store.pw.live\/govt-entrance-exams\/upsc-books\/upsc-textbooks?utm_source=SEO&#038;utm_medium=PW+Live&#038;utm_campaign=UPSC+Textbooks\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"><b>Check Out UPSC NCERT Textbooks From PW Store<\/b><\/a><\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 61.393%; text-align: center;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/store.pw.live\/govt-entrance-exams\/upsc-books\/upsc-modules?utm_source=SEO&#038;utm_medium=PW+Live&#038;utm_campaign=UPSC+Modules\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"><b>Check Out UPSC Modules From PW Store<\/b><\/a><b>\u00a0<\/b><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<p><\/div>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Hadean Protocrust Context: Researchers from Macquarie University in Australia challenged earlier beliefs about plate tectonics. They found chemical signatures thought to be caused by plate movements existed even in the Hadean protocrust, before subduction began. What is the Hadean Protocrust? The Hadean protocrust refers to the Earth&#8217;s very first crust layer. Term meaning: &#8220;Hadean&#8221; reflects&hellip; <a class=\"more-link\" href=\"https:\/\/pwonlyias.com\/stage\/current-affairs\/news-in-shorts-07-april-2025\">Continue reading <span class=\"screen-reader-text\">News in Shorts: 07 April 2025<\/span><\/a><\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":11,"featured_media":161331,"menu_order":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"rank_math_lock_modified_date":false,"footnotes":""},"tags":[],"paper-wise":[],"subject":[],"acf":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/pwonlyias.com\/stage\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/current-affairs\/161328"}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/pwonlyias.com\/stage\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/current-affairs"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/pwonlyias.com\/stage\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/current-affairs"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/pwonlyias.com\/stage\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/11"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/pwonlyias.com\/stage\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=161328"}],"version-history":[{"count":2,"href":"https:\/\/pwonlyias.com\/stage\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/current-affairs\/161328\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":161336,"href":"https:\/\/pwonlyias.com\/stage\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/current-affairs\/161328\/revisions\/161336"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/pwonlyias.com\/stage\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/161331"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/pwonlyias.com\/stage\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=161328"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/pwonlyias.com\/stage\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=161328"},{"taxonomy":"paper-wise","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/pwonlyias.com\/stage\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/paper-wise?post=161328"},{"taxonomy":"subject","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/pwonlyias.com\/stage\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/subject?post=161328"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}