{"id":162597,"date":"2025-04-18T19:23:44","date_gmt":"2025-04-18T13:53:44","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/pwonlyias.com\/stage\/?post_type=current-affairs&#038;p=162597"},"modified":"2025-04-18T19:23:44","modified_gmt":"2025-04-18T13:53:44","slug":"sanitary-and-biological-waste-management","status":"publish","type":"current-affairs","link":"https:\/\/pwonlyias.com\/stage\/current-affairs\/sanitary-and-biological-waste-management","title":{"rendered":"Sanitary and Biological Waste Management"},"content":{"rendered":"<p><b>Karad<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">, a city in Maharashtra, has achieved <\/span><b>100% segregation and processing of sanitary and biomedical waste<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">, as recognized by the<\/span><b> Ministry of Housing and Urban Affairs.<\/b><\/p>\n<h2><span style=\"font-size: 18pt;\"><b>About Karad Model of Sanitary Waste Management<\/b><\/span><\/h2>\n<ul>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><b>Dedicated Collection System:<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> Sanitary waste, averaging <\/span><b>300\u2013350 kg\/day,<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> is collected from homes, hospitals, and public spaces using red bins and special garbage vehicles.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><b>Community Engagement<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">: Women-led groups drive awareness, while schools promote hygiene with sanitary pad vending machines and incinerators.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><b>Safe Disposal via CBWTF:<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> Waste is incinerated at 1200\u00b0C in a monitored<\/span><b> Common Biomedical Waste Treatment Facility (CBWTF) <\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">run by <\/span><b>Karad Hospital Association.<\/b><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><b>Sustainable PPP Approach:<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> The initiative operates under a <\/span><b>Public-Private Partnership<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> where the <\/span><b>municipal council handles logistics<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> and the<\/span><b> hospital runs the incinerator at no cost to citizens<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">.<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h2><span style=\"font-size: 18pt;\"><b>What is Sanitary Waste Management?<\/b><\/span><\/h2>\n<ul>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Sanitary waste management involves the<\/span><b> systematic segregation, collection, transportation, and safe disposal of used hygiene products<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> like <\/span><b>sanitary pads, diapers, and tampons<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> to prevent health and environmental hazards.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">It includes the use of <\/span><b>designated bins, incineration, and awareness efforts <\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">by local bodies and communities to ensure proper handling, as guided by the Solid Waste Management Rules, 2016.<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h2><span style=\"font-size: 18pt;\"><b>Challenges with Sanitary Waste<\/b><\/span><\/h2>\n<ul>\n<li><b>Health and Environmental Risk:<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> If not disposed of properly, it\u00a0 poses significant risks to human health and the environment due to its <\/span><b>biological contamination<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> and <\/span><b>non-biodegradable content.<\/b><\/li>\n<li><b>Lack of Awareness and Infrastructure: <\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Improper user practices such as open disposal, flushing, and unwrapped discarding stem from limited awareness and insufficient disposal infrastructure, especially in rural areas.<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h2><span style=\"font-size: 18pt;\"><b>Provisions for Sanitary Waste under SWM Rules, 2016<\/b><\/span><\/h2>\n<ul>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><b>Definition of Sanitary Waste (Rule 3(41)):<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> Sanitary waste includes used diapers, sanitary napkins, tampons, condoms, incontinence sheets, and similar items.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><b>Segregation and Wrapping (Rule 4(b)):<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> Users must <\/span><b>wrap sanitary waste securely in provided pouches or suitable wrapping material<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> and place it in<\/span><b> dry or non-biodegradable waste bins<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><b>Responsibilities of Local Authorities (Rule 15(zg)):<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> Local bodies must educate citizens about safe sanitary waste handling and ensure proper segregation and disposal at source.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><b>Role of Manufacturers (Rule 17): <\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Brand owners must support waste systems financially, provide wrappers with products, use recyclable materials, and spread awareness about safe disposal.<\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><br \/>\n<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h2><span style=\"font-size: 18pt;\"><b>Ways to Handle Sanitary Waste<\/b><\/span><\/h2>\n<ul>\n<li><b>On-site Solutions:<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> Low-cost or electric incinerators, deep burial, composting (for compostable pads), and pit burning are suitable for schools, rural, and semi-urban areas.<\/span><\/li>\n<li><b>Off-site Disposal: <\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">High-temperature incinerators at centralized biomedical waste facilities offer safe and efficient treatment for all types of sanitary and biomedical waste.<\/span><\/li>\n<li><b>Avoid Unsafe Practices:<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> Throwing sanitary waste in open spaces, water bodies, or flushing in toilets should be strictly avoided to prevent environmental and health hazards<\/span><b>.<\/b><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<span class=\"vc_button\"><b>Additional Reading: <\/b><a href=\"https:\/\/pwonlyias.com\/stage\/current-affairs\/biomedical-waste-management\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"><b>Biological waste management<\/b><\/a><\/span>\n<div class=\"vc_table_green\"><\/p>\n<table style=\"width: 99.6375%;\">\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"width: 111.19%; text-align: center;\" colspan=\"2\"><span style=\"font-size: 18pt;\"><b>Also Read<\/b><\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"width: 49.797%; text-align: center;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/pwonlyias.com\/stage\/editorial-analysis\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"><b>UPSC Daily Editorials<\/b><\/a><\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 61.393%; text-align: center;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/pwonlyias.com\/stage\/daily-current-affairs\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"><b>UPSC Daily Current Affairs<\/b><\/a><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"width: 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Affairs.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":11,"featured_media":162580,"menu_order":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"rank_math_lock_modified_date":false,"footnotes":""},"tags":[],"paper-wise":[2084],"subject":[4632,2124],"acf":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/pwonlyias.com\/stage\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/current-affairs\/162597"}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/pwonlyias.com\/stage\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/current-affairs"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/pwonlyias.com\/stage\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/current-affairs"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/pwonlyias.com\/stage\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/11"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/pwonlyias.com\/stage\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=162597"}],"version-history":[{"count":2,"href":"https:\/\/pwonlyias.com\/stage\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/current-affairs\/162597\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":162601,"href":"https:\/\/pwonlyias.com\/stage\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/current-affairs\/162597\/revisions\/162601"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/pwonlyias.com\/stage\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/162580"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/pwonlyias.com\/stage\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=162597"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/pwonlyias.com\/stage\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=162597"},{"taxonomy":"paper-wise","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/pwonlyias.com\/stage\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/paper-wise?post=162597"},{"taxonomy":"subject","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/pwonlyias.com\/stage\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/subject?post=162597"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}