{"id":165996,"date":"2025-05-13T19:11:45","date_gmt":"2025-05-13T13:41:45","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/pwonlyias.com\/stage\/?post_type=current-affairs&p=165996"},"modified":"2025-05-13T19:11:45","modified_gmt":"2025-05-13T13:41:45","slug":"news-in-shorts-13-may-2025","status":"publish","type":"current-affairs","link":"https:\/\/pwonlyias.com\/stage\/current-affairs\/news-in-shorts-13-may-2025","title":{"rendered":"News in Shorts: 13 May 2025"},"content":{"rendered":"<h2 style=\"text-align: center;\"><span style=\"font-size: 18pt;\"><b>Lafora Disease<\/b><\/span><\/h2>\n<p><b>Context: <\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Recently, Lafora disease, a rare and fatal genetic disorder , has been in the news due to advancements in research and awareness ef<\/span><b>forts<\/b><\/p>\n<h3><span style=\"font-size: 16pt;\"><b>About Lafora disease<\/b><\/span><\/h3>\n<ul>\n<li><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Lafora disease is a rare and serious genetic disorder that affects the brain and nervous system.<\/span><\/li>\n<li><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">It is part of a group called <\/span><b>progressive myoclonic epilepsies (PMEs).<\/b><\/li>\n<li><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">The disease usuall<\/span><b>y starts in teenage years (10\u201318 years) and gets worse quickly.<\/b><\/li>\n<li><b>Naming: <\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Named after Spanish neurologist Gonzalo Rod<\/span><b>r\u00edguez Lafora, who first reported it in a teen with worsening seizures.<\/b><\/li>\n<li><b>What Causes Lafora Disease?<\/b>\n<ul>\n<li><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Caused by mutations in the <\/span><b>EPM2A or NHLRC1 (EPM2B) genes.<\/b><b><br \/>\n<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">These genes help in managing <\/span><b>glycogen (a type of sugar used for energy).<\/b><\/li>\n<li><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Mutations cause abnormal sugar buildup (called <\/span><i><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Lafo<\/span><\/i><b><i>ra bodies<\/i><\/b><b>) in brain cells, damaging them.<\/b>\n<ul>\n<li><b>It interferes with normal brain function.<\/b><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<li><b>Lafora Disease in India<\/b>\n<ul>\n<li><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">This disease is found in states of India where <\/span><b>consanguineous marriages (marriage between close relatives) are more common.<\/b><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"2\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Currently, there is no cure for Lafora disease, and treatment mainly focuses on managing symptoms.<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>\u00a0<\/p>\n<h2 style=\"text-align: center;\"><span style=\"font-size: 18pt;\"><b>Dongria Kondh<\/b><\/span><\/h2>\n<p><b>Context: <\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">NHRC has asked Odisha&#8217;s Chief Secretary for a report on poor living conditions and lack of basic facilities of Dongria<\/span><b> Kondh PVTG families<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> in Kalahandi a<\/span><b>nd Rayagada districts of odisha.<\/b><\/p>\n<h3><span style=\"font-size: 16pt;\"><b>About Dongria Kondh<\/b><\/span><\/h3>\n<ul>\n<li><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">The Dongria Kondh are an indigenous tribe living in the Niyamgiri Hills of Odisha.<\/span><\/li>\n<li><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">They are classified as a <\/span><b>Particularly Vulnerable Tribal Group (PVTG).<\/b><\/li>\n<li><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">The<\/span><b> tribe worships Niyam Raja<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">, the sacred deity believed to live in the hills.<\/span><\/li>\n<li><b>Language and Oral Traditions<\/b>\n<ul>\n<li><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">They <\/span><b>speak Kui,<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> an old Dravidian language.<\/span><\/li>\n<li><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Cultural knowledge is pre<\/span><b>served through songs, stories, and dances passed down orally.<\/b><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<li><b><\/b><b>Traditional Farming Practices: <\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">The Dongria Kondh<\/span><b> practise podu cultivation<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">, a form of shifting agriculture.<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>\u00a0<\/p>\n<h2 style=\"text-align: center;\"><span style=\"font-size: 18pt;\"><b>Ethanol Blended Petrol (EBP) Programme<\/b><\/span><\/h2>\n<p><b>Context: <\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">The Union Government has approved <\/span><b>an extra 2.8 million tonnes<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> of rice from FCI for making ethanol.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><b>Purpose of the Allocation : <\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">This move is part of the <\/span><b>Ethanol Blended Petrol (EBP) programme<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">, which aims to:<\/span><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Cut down pollution, and<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Reduce the need to import fossil fuels.<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h3><span style=\"font-size: 16pt;\"><b>About<\/b> <b>Ethanol Blended Petrol (EBP) programme<\/b><\/span><\/h3>\n<ul>\n<li><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">It is a government initiative to promote ethanol as a fuel.\u00a0<\/span><\/li>\n<li><b>Launched in<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> : 2003<\/span><\/li>\n<li><b>Nodal Ministry: <\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">The Ministry of Petroleum &#038; Natural Gas (MoP&#038;NG).<\/span><\/li>\n<li><b>Objective; <\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">create clean fuel alternative by blending ethanol with petrol.\u00a0<\/span><\/li>\n<li><b>Sources of Ethanol for Blending<\/b>\n<ul>\n<li><b>Primary source: <\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Sugarcane molasses<\/span><\/li>\n<li><b><\/b><b>Secondary source:<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> food grains ( rice and wheat) and agricultural residues (ri<\/span><b>ce husk and maize)<\/b><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>\u00a0<\/p>\n<h2 style=\"text-align: center;\"><span style=\"font-size: 18pt;\"><b>PM SHRI Scheme<\/b><\/span><\/h2>\n<p><b>Context: <\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">The<\/span><b> Kerala government <\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">has decided to <\/span><b>approach the Supreme Court<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> against the <\/span><b>Centre\u2019s decision to withhold the release of Rs 1,500 crore<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> to the state <\/span><b>under various centrally sponsored education schemes.<\/b><\/p>\n<h3><span style=\"font-size: 16pt;\"><b>About the PM SHRI Scheme<\/b><\/span><\/h3>\n<ul>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><b>Implemented By:<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">\u00a0 The <\/span><b>Union Ministry of Education (Department of School Education and Literacy).<\/b><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><b>Aims: To upgrade over 14,500 existing schools into model schools<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> aligned with the National Education Policy (NEP) 2020.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><b>Funding and Implementation: <\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">\u00a0It is a <\/span><b>Centrally Sponsored Scheme(CSS).<\/b><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><b>Total outlay: <\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">\u20b927,360 crore for 5 years (2022\u201323 to 2026\u201327).<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><b>Requirement for State Participation:<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> States must<\/span><b> confirm their participation by signing a Memorandum of Understanding (MoU)<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> with the Education Ministry.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><b>Current Status (as of 2025): <\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">12,400 schools across 670 districts have been brought under the scheme.<\/span><\/li>\n<li><b>States Not Participating: Kerala, Tamil Nadu, and West Bengal<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> have not joined the scheme.<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>\u00a0<\/p>\n<h2 style=\"text-align: center;\"><span style=\"font-size: 18pt;\"><b>Geotubing<\/b><\/span><\/h2>\n<p><b>Context<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">: Recently, scientists from NIOT, KSCADC officials, and coastal engineering experts studied an offshore breakwater system using geotube technology along Poonthura&#8217;s coast.<\/span><\/p>\n<h3><span style=\"font-size: 16pt;\"><b>About Geotubeing<\/b><\/span><\/h3>\n<ul>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Geotubeing, or the use of<\/span><b> geotextile tubes,<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> is a method of <\/span><b>dewatering and managing sediments, sludge, and other materials.\u00a0<\/b><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">These tubes, made from<\/span><b> high-strength geotextile fabric<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">, act as a container that allows water to pass through while retaining solids.\u00a0<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">This process is used in various applications like <\/span><b>land creation, shoreline protection, and dewatering sludge<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> from wastewater treatment plants.\u00a0<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h3><span style=\"font-size: 16pt;\"><b>How Geotubes Work?<\/b><\/span><\/h3>\n<ul>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Geotubes are typically<\/span><b> filled with a slurry of water and solids<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> (like sand, sediment, or sludge).\u00a0<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">The water <\/span><b>permeates through the permeable geotextile fabric<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">, while the solids are retained inside the tube.\u00a0<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">This process, often with <\/span><b>hydraulic pressure, <\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">helps to separate the water from the solids and dewaters the material.\u00a0<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h3><span style=\"font-size: 16pt;\"><b>Applications of Geotubing<\/b><\/span><\/h3>\n<ul>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><b>Dewatering Sludge\/Sediment: <\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Used in wastewater treatment plants, industrial sludge, and dredging operations to separate water from solids.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><b>Shoreline &#038; Coastal Protection: <\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Acts as breakwaters or barriers to prevent erosion from waves and tides.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><b>Land Reclamation: <\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Helps build up land in marshy or underwater areas by retaining sediments.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><b>Containment of Contaminated Materials: <\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Isolates polluted sediments during environmental cleanup projects.<\/span><\/li>\n<li><b>Agriculture &#038; Aquaculture: <\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Used in pond liners, dyke reinforcement, and water retention.<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>\u00a0<\/p>\n<h2 style=\"text-align: center;\"><span style=\"font-size: 18pt;\"><b>Germanium<\/b><\/span><\/h2>\n<p><b>Context: <\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">India is engaging with the<\/span><b> Chinese government <\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">to navigate<\/span><b> export restrictions on germanium.<\/b><\/p>\n<h3><span style=\"font-size: 16pt;\"><b>India\u2019s Dependence<\/b><\/span><\/h3>\n<ul>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">India has <\/span><b>no domestic production<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> of germanium.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><b>Completely reliant<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> on <\/span><b>imports<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Presently sourcing via <\/span><b>United Arab Emirates<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">, increasing costs for Indian importers.<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h3><span style=\"font-size: 16pt;\"><b>China\u2019s Role<\/b><\/span><\/h3>\n<ul>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Produces over <\/span><b>50% of the world\u2019s germanium<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Has <\/span><b>export restrictions<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">:<\/span>\n<ul>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"2\"><b>November 2023<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">: Major restrictions on exports to the <\/span><b>United States<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"2\"><b>Earlier<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">: Imposed <\/span><b>export licensing<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> for other countries.<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Also holds a <\/span><b>practical monopoly<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> in refining <\/span><b>REEs<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> (rare earth elements) \u2014 germanium is <\/span><b>not<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> among REEs.<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h3><span style=\"font-size: 16pt;\"><b>Germanium<\/b><\/span><\/h3>\n<ul>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Germanium is a shiny, durable, silver-white <\/span><b>metalloid<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> with a diamond-like <\/span><b>crystalline structure<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">.\u00a0<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">It plays a vital role in the <\/span><b>electronics and optics industries<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> due to its semiconducting properties.<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h3><span style=\"font-size: 16pt;\"><b>Major Applications<\/b><\/span><\/h3>\n<ul>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><b>Electronics:<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> Used in transistors and semiconductors.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><b>Fiber Optic Cables:<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> Forms part of the <\/span><b>core preform<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">, enabling high-speed data transmission.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><b>Infrared Imaging Devices:<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> Essential in night-vision tech and <\/span><b>thermal imaging<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><b>Defense:<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> Enhances performance of <\/span><b>weapon systems<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> under <\/span><b>extreme environments<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><b>Solar Cells:<\/b>\n<ul>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"2\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Favoured for <\/span><b>space-based<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> solar panels.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"2\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Offers <\/span><b>high thermal stability<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> and <\/span><b>better energy conversion efficiency<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">.<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<li><b>Alloys &#038; Catalysts:<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> Sometimes used in specialty alloys and polymerization catalysts.<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<div class=\"vc_table_green\"><\/p>\n<table style=\"width: 99.6375%;\">\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"width: 111.19%; text-align: center;\" colspan=\"2\"><span style=\"font-size: 18pt;\"><b>Also Read<\/b><\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"width: 49.797%; text-align: center;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/pwonlyias.com\/stage\/editorial-analysis\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"><b>UPSC Daily Editorials<\/b><\/a><\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 61.393%; text-align: center;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/pwonlyias.com\/stage\/daily-current-affairs\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"><b>UPSC Daily Current Affairs<\/b><\/a><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"width: 49.797%; text-align: center;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/pwonlyias.com\/stage\/quiz\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"><b>Daily Current Affairs 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It is part of a group called progressive myoclonic epilepsies&hellip; <a class=\"more-link\" href=\"https:\/\/pwonlyias.com\/stage\/current-affairs\/news-in-shorts-13-may-2025\">Continue reading <span class=\"screen-reader-text\">News in Shorts: 13 May 2025<\/span><\/a><\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":11,"featured_media":165581,"menu_order":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"rank_math_lock_modified_date":false,"footnotes":""},"tags":[],"paper-wise":[],"subject":[],"acf":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/pwonlyias.com\/stage\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/current-affairs\/165996"}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/pwonlyias.com\/stage\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/current-affairs"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/pwonlyias.com\/stage\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/current-affairs"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/pwonlyias.com\/stage\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/11"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/pwonlyias.com\/stage\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=165996"}],"version-history":[{"count":2,"href":"https:\/\/pwonlyias.com\/stage\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/current-affairs\/165996\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":165998,"href":"https:\/\/pwonlyias.com\/stage\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/current-affairs\/165996\/revisions\/165998"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/pwonlyias.com\/stage\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/165581"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/pwonlyias.com\/stage\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=165996"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/pwonlyias.com\/stage\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=165996"},{"taxonomy":"paper-wise","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/pwonlyias.com\/stage\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/paper-wise?post=165996"},{"taxonomy":"subject","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/pwonlyias.com\/stage\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/subject?post=165996"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}