{"id":25646,"date":"2023-07-06T16:52:57","date_gmt":"2023-07-06T11:22:57","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/pwonlyias.com\/stage\/?post_type=current-affairs&#038;p=25646"},"modified":"2025-03-03T12:12:31","modified_gmt":"2025-03-03T06:42:31","slug":"cmv-and-tomv-mosaic-viruses","status":"publish","type":"current-affairs","link":"https:\/\/pwonlyias.com\/stage\/current-affairs\/cmv-and-tomv-mosaic-viruses","title":{"rendered":"CMV and ToMV: \u2018Mosaic\u2019 Viruses"},"content":{"rendered":"<p><b>Context:<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<p><b>Cucumber Mosaic Virus (CMV) <\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">and <\/span><b>\u00a0Tomato Mosaic Virus (ToMV) <\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">have impacted crops in Karnataka and Maharashtra respectively.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><b>About CMV and ToMV:<\/b><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">The two plant pathogens have similar names and cause similar damage to crops, but they belong to different viral families, and spread differently.\u00a0<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Both viruses can cause almost 100 per cent crop loss unless properly treated on time.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><b>ToMV<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">\u00a0<\/span>\n<ol>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">It belongs to the <\/span><b>Virgaviridae family<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> and is closely related to the tobacco mosaic virus (TMV).\u00a0<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">ToMV hosts include tomato, tobacco, peppers, and certain ornamental plants.<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<\/li>\n<li><b>CMV:<\/b>\n<ol>\n<li><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">It was identified in cucumber in 1934, which gave the virus its name.<\/span><\/li>\n<li><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">CMV has a much larger host pool that includes cucumber, melon, eggplant, tomato, carrot, lettuce, celery, cucurbits (members of the gourd family, including squash, pumpkin, zucchini, some gourds, etc.), and some ornamentals.\u00a0<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><b>How do these two viruses spread?<\/b><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><b>ToMV:\u00a0<\/b>\n<ol>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">It spreads mainly through infected seeds, saplings, agricultural tools and often, through the hands of nursery workers who have failed to sanitise themselves properly before entering the fields.\u00a0<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">It would require only a few infected saplings for the virus to take over an entire field in a matter of days.<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<\/li>\n<li><b>CMV:<\/b>\n<ol>\n<li><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">It is spread by aphids, which are sap-sucking insects.\u00a0<\/span><\/li>\n<li><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Conditions of high temperature followed by intermittent rain, which allow aphids to multiply, are conducive to the spread of CMV.<\/span><\/li>\n<li><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">CMV too can spread through human touch, but the chances of that are extremely low.<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><b>Ways to Control the Virus Spread:<\/b><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Follow biosafety standards in nurseries, and compulsory seed treatment.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Checking the trays of seedlings\u00a0 before planting, and discarding any visible infected material.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Clearing the field of weeds and plant material before fresh planting.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Spraying quick acting insecticides or mineral oils on the plants to kill the aphids.<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><b style=\"background-color: var(--global--color-background); color: var(--global--color-primary); font-family: var(--global--font-secondary); font-size: var(--global--font-size-base);\"><i>News Source: <\/i><\/b><a style=\"background-color: var(--global--color-background); font-family: var(--global--font-secondary); font-size: var(--global--font-size-base);\" href=\"https:\/\/indianexpress.com\/article\/explained\/explained-economics\/cmv-and-tomv-viruses-tomato-crop-maharashtra-karnataka-8774486\/#:~:text=What%20are%20CMV%20and%20ToMV,tobacco%20mosaic%20virus%20(TMV).\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"><b><i>Indian Express<\/i><\/b><\/a><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Context:\u00a0 Cucumber Mosaic Virus (CMV) and \u00a0Tomato Mosaic Virus (ToMV) have impacted crops in Karnataka and Maharashtra respectively. About CMV and ToMV: The two plant pathogens have similar names and cause similar damage to crops, but they belong to different viral families, and spread differently.\u00a0 Both viruses can cause almost 100 per cent crop loss&hellip; <a class=\"more-link\" href=\"https:\/\/pwonlyias.com\/stage\/current-affairs\/cmv-and-tomv-mosaic-viruses\">Continue reading <span class=\"screen-reader-text\">CMV and ToMV: \u2018Mosaic\u2019 Viruses<\/span><\/a><\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":11,"featured_media":0,"menu_order":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"rank_math_lock_modified_date":false,"footnotes":""},"tags":[2407,2406],"paper-wise":[2084],"subject":[2124],"acf":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/pwonlyias.com\/stage\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/current-affairs\/25646"}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/pwonlyias.com\/stage\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/current-affairs"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/pwonlyias.com\/stage\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/current-affairs"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/pwonlyias.com\/stage\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/11"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/pwonlyias.com\/stage\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=25646"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"https:\/\/pwonlyias.com\/stage\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/current-affairs\/25646\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":157259,"href":"https:\/\/pwonlyias.com\/stage\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/current-affairs\/25646\/revisions\/157259"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/pwonlyias.com\/stage\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=25646"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/pwonlyias.com\/stage\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=25646"},{"taxonomy":"paper-wise","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/pwonlyias.com\/stage\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/paper-wise?post=25646"},{"taxonomy":"subject","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/pwonlyias.com\/stage\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/subject?post=25646"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}