{"id":81384,"date":"2024-01-29T20:19:27","date_gmt":"2024-01-29T14:49:27","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/pwonlyias.com\/stage\/?post_type=current-affairs&#038;p=81384"},"modified":"2024-01-30T18:46:39","modified_gmt":"2024-01-30T13:16:39","slug":"sale-of-submarines-to-india","status":"publish","type":"current-affairs","link":"https:\/\/pwonlyias.com\/stage\/current-affairs\/sale-of-submarines-to-india","title":{"rendered":"Project 75i: Germany Wants India to Enter G2G  Submarine Deal"},"content":{"rendered":"<h2><span style=\"font-size: 18pt;\"><b>Context:\u00a0<\/b><\/span><\/h2>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">As per diplomatic sources,<\/span> <span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Germany has presented a proposal to sell six advanced conventional submarines to India under the <\/span><b>Navy\u2019s Project 75i procurement program.<\/b><\/p>\n<h2><span style=\"font-size: 18pt;\"><b>Germany Proposes Submarine Sale to India for Project 75i<\/b><\/span><\/h2>\n<ul>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><b>High-Level Discussions:<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> German Defence Minister visited India in June 2023 and advocated for <\/span><b>Thyssenkrupp Marine Systems (TKMS).<\/b>\n<ul>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"2\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">ThyssenKrupp Marine Systems of <\/span><b>Germany is a group and holding company<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> of providers of naval vessels, surface ships and submarines.<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><b>Strategic Partnership Criteria:<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> Only Germany and Spain meet the technical criteria to submit bids under the <\/span><b>P-75I deadline.\u00a0<\/b><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h2><span style=\"font-size: 18pt;\"><b>About Project 75<\/b><\/span><\/h2>\n<ul>\n<li><b>Background:<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> Project 75 was conceived in 1997 for the construction of<\/span><b> two indigenous SSK Submarines<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> known as Type 1500.<\/span>\n<ul>\n<li><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">In 1999, the Cabinet Committee on Security approved a <\/span><b>30-year plan for the Navy to build 24 submarines by 2030<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">.\u00a0<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<li aria-level=\"1\">\n<h3><span style=\"font-size: 16pt;\"><b>Phases of the Project 75:\u00a0<\/b><\/span><\/h3>\n<ul>\n<li><b>First Phase:<\/b> <span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Two lines of production were to be established, <\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">each line producing <\/span><b>six submarines.<\/b>\n<ul>\n<li><b>First<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">: P-75\u00a0\u00a0<\/span><\/li>\n<li><b>Second<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">: P-75i<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<li aria-level=\"1\">\n<h4><span style=\"font-size: 15pt;\"><b>Project 75<\/b><\/span><\/h4>\n<ul>\n<li><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">The contract for P-75 was <\/span><b>signed in 2005<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> with the Naval Group and <\/span><b>Mazagon Dock Shipbuilders Ltd (MDL).<\/b><\/li>\n<li><b>The six submarines under project 75 are: <\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">INS Kalvari, INS Vagsheer, INS Vela, , INS Khanderi, INS Karanj, and INS Vagir.<\/span><\/li>\n<li><b>Features of Scorpene Class:<\/b>\n<ul>\n<li><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Submarines under Project 75, like the <\/span><b>Scorpene Class, boast advanced stealth features, including:<\/b>\n<ul style=\"list-style-type: disc;\">\n<li><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Improved acoustic absorption techniques<\/span><\/li>\n<li><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Low radiated noise levels<\/span><\/li>\n<li><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Long-range guided torpedoes<\/span><\/li>\n<li><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Tube-launched anti-ship missiles<\/span><\/li>\n<li><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Sonars and sensor suites<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<li><b>Significance:\u00a0<\/b>\n<ul>\n<li><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">It is one of the <\/span><b>most significant \u2018Make in India\u2019 projects<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">.\u00a0<\/span><\/li>\n<li><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">It will <\/span><b>allow for faster and more significant technological adoption<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">, as well as the development of a tiered industrial ecosystem for submarine construction in India.<\/span><\/li>\n<li><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">It <\/span><b>promotes self-sufficiency by reducing current reliance<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> on imports.<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<li><b>Limitations of Project 75 Submarines<\/b>\n<ul>\n<li><b>Battery-Powered Constraints:<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> Despite advancements, Project 75submarines, relying on electrical batteries, <\/span><b>need to surface every 48 hours for recharging.<\/b><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<li aria-level=\"1\">\n<h4><span style=\"font-size: 15pt;\"><b>Project 75i<\/b><\/span><\/h4>\n<ul>\n<li><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">It is a follow-up to Project 75 and improves upon the design and technology of its predecessor.<\/span><\/li>\n<li><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">It is India\u2019s first under the Strategic Partnership Model.<\/span><\/li>\n<li><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">It <\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">focuses on enhancing design and technology for<\/span><b> India&#8217;s conventional diesel-electric submarines.<\/b><\/li>\n<li><b>Project 75i: AIP Technology Implementation<\/b>\n<ul>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"3\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Project 75i incorporates <\/span><b>Air-Independent Propulsion (AIP) <\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">technology to overcome limitations.\u00a0<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"3\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">AIP enables submarines to stay submerged for an extended period, <\/span><b>up to two weeks<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">.<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<table style=\"width: 100.402%;\">\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<th style=\"width: 100%; border-style: solid; border-color: #000000; background-color: rgba(184, 165, 217, 0.53); text-align: left; vertical-align: middle;\">\n<h2><span style=\"font-size: 18pt; color: #000000;\"><b>Strategic Partnerships Model:<\/b><\/span><\/h2>\n<ul>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"color: #000000;\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">The policy on Strategic Partnerships in the Defence sector was <\/span><b>approved by Defence Acquisition Council (DAC) in May, 2017.<\/b><\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400; color: #000000;\">The policy is intended to institutionalise a transparent, objective and functional mechanism to encourage broader participation of the private sector, in the manufacture of defence platforms and equipment.<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><span style=\"color: #000000;\"><b>The following four segments have been identified for acquisition under Strategic Partnership (SP) route:<\/b><\/span><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400; color: #000000;\">Fighter Aircraft<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400; color: #000000;\">Helicopters<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400; color: #000000;\">Submarines<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400; color: #000000;\">Armoured Fighting Vehicles (AFVs) \/ Main Battle Tanks (MBTs).<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/th>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<p>\u00a0<\/p>\n<table style=\"width: 100.198%;\">\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<th style=\"width: 100%; border-style: solid; border-color: #000000; background-color: rgba(184, 165, 217, 0.53); text-align: left; vertical-align: middle;\">\n<h2><span style=\"font-size: 18pt; color: #000000;\"><b>Advantages of AIP for Conventional Submarine<\/b><\/span><\/h2>\n<ul>\n<li aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"color: #000000;\"><b>Enhanced Submerged Endurance: <\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">AIP allows conventional submarines to stay submerged for extended durations, reducing the need for frequent surfacing.<\/span><\/span><\/li>\n<li aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"color: #000000;\"><b>Mechanism of AIP: <\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Unlike diesel-electric submarines, which require surfacing for battery recharge, AIP mechanisms enable submarines to charge batteries while submerged.<\/span><\/span><\/li>\n<li aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"color: #000000;\"><b>India&#8217;s Preference: AIP Based on Fuel Cells<\/b><\/span>\n<ul>\n<li><span style=\"color: #000000;\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">India, under the P-75I project, is seeking <\/span><b>AIP based on fuel cells<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">.\u00a0<\/span><\/span><\/li>\n<li><span style=\"font-weight: 400; color: #000000;\">These cells convert chemical energy into electrical energy, facilitating efficient battery recharge for submarines.<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/th>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<h2><span style=\"font-size: 18pt;\"><b>Current Indian Submarine Fleet<\/b><\/span><\/h2>\n<ul>\n<li><b>Existing Fleet:<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> India presently has <\/span><b>16 conventional diesel-electric submarines (SSKs).\u00a0<\/b>\n<ul>\n<li><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">The commissioning of the last two Kalvari Class subs under Project 75 will raise the count to 18. Additionally, India has two nuclear ballistic submarines (SSBN).<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<li><b>Types of Submarines<\/b>\n<ul>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"2\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">The fleet includes four <\/span><b>Shishumar Class (collaboration with Germany)<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">, eight for Kilo Class (from Russia), and four Kalvari Class (built in India at MDL).<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<table>\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"text-align: center; border-style: solid; border-color: #000000;\"><b>Submarine Class<\/b><\/td>\n<td style=\"text-align: center; border-style: solid; border-color: #000000;\"><b>Description<\/b><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"border-style: solid; border-color: #000000;\"><b>SSBN (Ballistic Missile Submarines)<\/b><\/td>\n<td style=\"border-style: solid; border-color: #000000;\">\n<ul>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><b>Nuclear-propelled submarines<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> designed for carrying multiple sets of <\/span><b>submarine-launched ballistic missiles (SLBMs)<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">, often tipped with single or multiple nuclear warheads.\u00a0<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Primary mission is to provide a devastating retaliation or assured second-strike capability, fulfilling the third leg of the nuclear triad.<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"aligncenter wp-image-81753\" src=\"https:\/\/pwonlyias.com\/stage\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/01\/image-2-65b8c5b35e5c9.webp\" alt=\"Project 75i\" width=\"496\" height=\"128\" srcset=\"https:\/\/pwonlyias.com\/stage\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/01\/image-2-65b8c5b35e5c9.webp 512w, https:\/\/pwonlyias.com\/stage\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/01\/image-2-65b8c5b35e5c9-300x77.webp 300w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 496px) 100vw, 496px\" \/><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"border-style: solid; border-color: #000000;\"><b>SSN (Nuclear Attack Submarines)<\/b><\/td>\n<td style=\"border-style: solid; border-color: #000000;\">\n<ul>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">SSNs have <\/span><b>infinite capacity to stay dived.<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> As they are not propelled by batteries, they need not emerge for charging by a diesel engine.\u00a0<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><b>Propelled by a nuclear-powered engine<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">, these submarines only need to come to the surface for replenishing supplies for the crew.<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"aligncenter wp-image-81755\" src=\"https:\/\/pwonlyias.com\/stage\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/01\/indian-navy-ssn-ins-chakra-65b8c5acc7d62.webp\" alt=\"Project 75i\" width=\"552\" height=\"238\" srcset=\"https:\/\/pwonlyias.com\/stage\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/01\/indian-navy-ssn-ins-chakra-65b8c5acc7d62.webp 1901w, https:\/\/pwonlyias.com\/stage\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/01\/indian-navy-ssn-ins-chakra-65b8c5acc7d62-300x129.webp 300w, https:\/\/pwonlyias.com\/stage\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/01\/indian-navy-ssn-ins-chakra-65b8c5acc7d62-1024x442.webp 1024w, https:\/\/pwonlyias.com\/stage\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/01\/indian-navy-ssn-ins-chakra-65b8c5acc7d62-768x331.webp 768w, https:\/\/pwonlyias.com\/stage\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/01\/indian-navy-ssn-ins-chakra-65b8c5acc7d62-1536x663.webp 1536w, https:\/\/pwonlyias.com\/stage\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/01\/indian-navy-ssn-ins-chakra-65b8c5acc7d62-1568x676.webp 1568w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 552px) 100vw, 552px\" \/><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"border-style: solid; border-color: #000000;\"><b>SSK (Original Diesel-Electric Submarine)<\/b><\/td>\n<td style=\"border-style: solid; border-color: #000000;\">\n<ul>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Originally designed and constructed as diesel-electric submarines. They<\/span><b> require air and fuel to operate.<\/b><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">They <\/span><b>need to resurface more frequently.<\/b><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"aligncenter wp-image-81758\" src=\"https:\/\/pwonlyias.com\/stage\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/01\/ins-kalvari-a-diesel-electric-attack-submarine-65b8c5a937d9a.webp\" alt=\"Project 75i\" width=\"551\" height=\"367\" srcset=\"https:\/\/pwonlyias.com\/stage\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/01\/ins-kalvari-a-diesel-electric-attack-submarine-65b8c5a937d9a.webp 1607w, https:\/\/pwonlyias.com\/stage\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/01\/ins-kalvari-a-diesel-electric-attack-submarine-65b8c5a937d9a-300x200.webp 300w, https:\/\/pwonlyias.com\/stage\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/01\/ins-kalvari-a-diesel-electric-attack-submarine-65b8c5a937d9a-1024x682.webp 1024w, https:\/\/pwonlyias.com\/stage\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/01\/ins-kalvari-a-diesel-electric-attack-submarine-65b8c5a937d9a-768x511.webp 768w, https:\/\/pwonlyias.com\/stage\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/01\/ins-kalvari-a-diesel-electric-attack-submarine-65b8c5a937d9a-1536x1023.webp 1536w, https:\/\/pwonlyias.com\/stage\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/01\/ins-kalvari-a-diesel-electric-attack-submarine-65b8c5a937d9a-1568x1044.webp 1568w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 551px) 100vw, 551px\" \/><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<p>\u00a0<\/p>\n<table style=\"width: 100.3%;\">\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"width: 100%; border-style: solid; border-color: #000000;\">\n<h2><span style=\"font-size: 18pt;\"><b>How Are Submersibles Different from Submarines?<\/b><\/span><\/h2>\n<ul>\n<li aria-level=\"1\">\n<h3><span style=\"font-size: 16pt;\"><b>Submarine:<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">\u00a0<\/span><\/span><\/h3>\n<\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Submarine \u201chas enough power to leave port and come back to port under its own power.\u201d<\/span>\n<ul>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"2\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">This means that a submarine can drive independently to the bottom of the ocean and come back.<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"aligncenter wp-image-81750\" src=\"https:\/\/pwonlyias.com\/stage\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/01\/image-1-1-65b8c5b4e709e.webp\" alt=\"Project 75i\" width=\"654\" height=\"306\" srcset=\"https:\/\/pwonlyias.com\/stage\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/01\/image-1-1-65b8c5b4e709e.webp 2000w, https:\/\/pwonlyias.com\/stage\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/01\/image-1-1-65b8c5b4e709e-300x140.webp 300w, https:\/\/pwonlyias.com\/stage\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/01\/image-1-1-65b8c5b4e709e-1024x479.webp 1024w, https:\/\/pwonlyias.com\/stage\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/01\/image-1-1-65b8c5b4e709e-768x359.webp 768w, https:\/\/pwonlyias.com\/stage\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/01\/image-1-1-65b8c5b4e709e-1536x719.webp 1536w, https:\/\/pwonlyias.com\/stage\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/01\/image-1-1-65b8c5b4e709e-1568x734.webp 1568w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 654px) 100vw, 654px\" \/><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\">\n<h3><span style=\"font-size: 16pt;\"><b>Submersible:\u00a0<\/b><\/span><\/h3>\n<\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">A submersible has very limited power reserves so it needs a mother ship that can launch it and recover it.<\/span>\n<ul>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"2\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">This means it does not, unlike a submarine, have the power to drive down to the bottom of the ocean and come back under its own steam.<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"aligncenter wp-image-81757\" src=\"https:\/\/pwonlyias.com\/stage\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/01\/submersible-65b8c5afab9ef.webp\" alt=\"Project 75i\" width=\"649\" height=\"429\" srcset=\"https:\/\/pwonlyias.com\/stage\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/01\/submersible-65b8c5afab9ef.webp 1616w, https:\/\/pwonlyias.com\/stage\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/01\/submersible-65b8c5afab9ef-300x198.webp 300w, https:\/\/pwonlyias.com\/stage\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/01\/submersible-65b8c5afab9ef-1024x676.webp 1024w, https:\/\/pwonlyias.com\/stage\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/01\/submersible-65b8c5afab9ef-768x507.webp 768w, https:\/\/pwonlyias.com\/stage\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/01\/submersible-65b8c5afab9ef-1536x1014.webp 1536w, https:\/\/pwonlyias.com\/stage\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/01\/submersible-65b8c5afab9ef-1568x1035.webp 1568w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 649px) 100vw, 649px\" \/><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<p><b><br \/>\nNews Source: <\/b><a href=\"https:\/\/www.thehindu.com\/news\/national\/germany-pushes-for-inter-governmental-agreement-for-submarine-deal-with-india\/article67786602.ece\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\"><b>The Hindu<\/b><\/a><\/p>\n<table style=\"width: 100.325%;\">\n<tbody>\n<tr style=\"height: 36px;\">\n<td style=\"width: 469.305%; vertical-align: middle; text-align: center; border-style: solid; border-color: #000000; height: 36px;\" colspan=\"2\"><span style=\"font-size: 18pt;\"><b>Must Read<\/b><\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr style=\"height: 30px;\">\n<td style=\"width: 54.4983%; vertical-align: middle; text-align: center; border-style: solid; border-color: #000000; height: 30px;\"><strong><a href=\"https:\/\/pwonlyias.com\/stage\/ncert-notes\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">NCERT Notes For UPSC<\/a><\/strong><\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 414.807%; vertical-align: middle; text-align: center; border-style: solid; border-color: #000000; height: 30px;\"><strong><a href=\"https:\/\/pwonlyias.com\/stage\/daily-current-affairs\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">UPSC Daily Current Affairs<\/a><\/strong><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr style=\"height: 30px;\">\n<td style=\"width: 54.4983%; vertical-align: middle; text-align: center; border-style: solid; border-color: #000000; height: 30px;\"><strong><a href=\"https:\/\/pwonlyias.com\/stage\/blogs\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">UPSC Blogs<\/a><\/strong><\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 414.807%; vertical-align: middle; text-align: center; border-style: solid; border-color: #000000; height: 30px;\"><strong><a href=\"https:\/\/pwonlyias.com\/stage\/editorial-analysis\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">UPSC Daily Editorials<\/a><\/strong><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr style=\"height: 30px;\">\n<td style=\"width: 54.4983%; vertical-align: middle; text-align: center; border-style: solid; border-color: #000000; height: 30px;\"><strong><a href=\"https:\/\/pwonlyias.com\/stage\/quiz\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Daily Current Affairs Quiz<\/a><\/strong><\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 414.807%; vertical-align: middle; text-align: center; border-style: solid; border-color: #000000; height: 30px;\"><strong><a href=\"https:\/\/pwonlyias.com\/stage\/mains-answer-writing\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Daily Main Answer Writing<\/a><\/strong><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr style=\"height: 30px;\">\n<td style=\"width: 54.4983%; vertical-align: middle; text-align: center; border-style: solid; border-color: #000000; height: 30px;\"><strong><a href=\"https:\/\/pwonlyias.com\/stage\/mains-previous-year-papers\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">UPSC Mains Previous Year Papers<\/a><\/strong><\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 414.807%; vertical-align: middle; text-align: center; border-style: solid; border-color: #000000; height: 30px;\"><strong><a href=\"https:\/\/pwonlyias.com\/stage\/upsc-test-series-courses\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">UPSC Test Series 2024<\/a><\/strong><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<p>\u00a0<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>As per diplomatic sources, Germany has presented a proposal to sell six advanced conventional submarines to India under the Navy\u2019s Project 75i procurement program.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":11,"featured_media":0,"menu_order":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"rank_math_lock_modified_date":false,"footnotes":""},"tags":[],"paper-wise":[],"subject":[],"acf":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/pwonlyias.com\/stage\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/current-affairs\/81384"}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/pwonlyias.com\/stage\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/current-affairs"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/pwonlyias.com\/stage\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/current-affairs"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/pwonlyias.com\/stage\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/11"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/pwonlyias.com\/stage\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=81384"}],"version-history":[{"count":5,"href":"https:\/\/pwonlyias.com\/stage\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/current-affairs\/81384\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":81957,"href":"https:\/\/pwonlyias.com\/stage\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/current-affairs\/81384\/revisions\/81957"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/pwonlyias.com\/stage\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=81384"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/pwonlyias.com\/stage\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=81384"},{"taxonomy":"paper-wise","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/pwonlyias.com\/stage\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/paper-wise?post=81384"},{"taxonomy":"subject","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/pwonlyias.com\/stage\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/subject?post=81384"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}