{"id":142053,"date":"2024-11-11T12:13:58","date_gmt":"2024-11-11T06:43:58","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/pwonlyias.com\/stage\/?post_type=docs&#038;p=142053"},"modified":"2025-01-08T12:29:04","modified_gmt":"2025-01-08T06:59:04","password":"","slug":"criminalisation-in-politics-india","status":"publish","type":"docs","link":"https:\/\/pwonlyias.com\/stage\/docs\/criminalisation-in-politics-india","title":{"rendered":"Criminalisation in Indian Politics: Challenges, Causes and Solutions for a Stronger Democracy"},"content":{"rendered":"<p><a href=\"https:\/\/pwonlyias.com\/stage\/editorial-analysis\/citizen-action-for-clean-politicians-cleaner-politics\/\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Criminalisation in politics<\/span><\/a><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> is a growing concern in India, with an increasing number of politicians having criminal backgrounds. Reports indicate that since 2004, the percentage of parliamentarians with pending criminal cases has risen significantly. This trend poses a threat to democracy, as it undermines the integrity of political institutions. Understanding the causes and implementing effective measures to address this issue is crucial for a healthier political landscape.<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><i><span class=\"vc_button\"><\/i><a href=\"https:\/\/www.pw.live\/batches\/upsc?utm_source=seo+upsc+batch&#038;utm_medium=seo+upsc&#038;utm_campaign=seo&#038;utm_id=upsc\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"><i>Enroll now for UPSC Online Course<\/i><\/a><i><\/span><\/i>\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<h2><span style=\"font-size: 18pt; color: #ff6600;\"><b>Addressing Criminalization in Indian Politics<\/b><\/span><\/h2>\n<h3><span style=\"font-size: 16pt;\"><b>The Criminalization of Politics in India: A Threat to Democracy<\/b><\/span><\/h3>\n<ul>\n<li style=\"text-align: justify;\"><b>Meaning: <\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Criminalisation in politics refers to the phenomenon where<\/span><b> individuals with criminal backgrounds<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">, including those with pending criminal charges or convictions, a<\/span><b>ctively participate in politics and hold public offices.\u00a0<\/b><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\" wp-image-142057 alignright\" src=\"https:\/\/pwonlyias.com\/stage\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/11\/unnamed-6-1.webp\" alt=\"\" width=\"408\" height=\"351\" srcset=\"https:\/\/pwonlyias.com\/stage\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/11\/unnamed-6-1.webp 945w, https:\/\/pwonlyias.com\/stage\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/11\/unnamed-6-1-300x258.webp 300w, https:\/\/pwonlyias.com\/stage\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/11\/unnamed-6-1-768x661.webp 768w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 408px) 100vw, 408px\" \/><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li style=\"text-align: justify;\"><b>Enduring Phenomenon: <\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Criminalization in politics is a persistent issue in India, <\/span><b>undermining democratic principles<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"text-align: justify;\"><b>Rule of Money and Muscle Powe<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">r: Governance has shifted from being <\/span><b>law-based to being influenced by financial and physical power<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"text-align: justify;\"><b>Public Acceptability: <\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">The acceptance of criminal elements by <\/span><b>both political parties and the public undermines democratic values<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">, creating a contradiction in <\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/pwonlyias.com\/stage\/ncert-notes\/direct-democracy\/\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">democracy<\/span><\/a><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"text-align: justify;\"><b>Weakening Democratic Safeguards: <\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">The three branches of government\u2014legislature, executive, and judiciary\u2014are <\/span><b>losing their effectiveness<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">, which threatens constitutional safeguards.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"text-align: justify;\"><b>Increase in Political Parties: <\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">The rise in the number of political parties reflects <\/span><b>declining political standards rather than improvement<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">, indicating a weakening of national spirit.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"text-align: justify;\"><b>Unfulfilled Democratic Promises: <\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Despite gaining independence, <\/span><b>many citizens still do not experience the benefits of democracy<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">, leading to a divide between the privileged and the masses.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"text-align: justify;\"><b>Influence of Criminal Elements: <\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Politics attracts individuals with criminal backgrounds who <\/span><b>prioritize personal gain over public welfare<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">, leading to <\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/pwonlyias.com\/stage\/current-affairs\/corruption-perceptions-index-2023\/\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">corruption<\/span><\/a><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"text-align: justify;\"><b>Politics as a Business: <\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">The political arena has transformed into a <\/span><b>profit-driven business<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> instead of a platform for service and commitment to citizens&#8217; welfare.<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>\u00a0<\/p>\n<table>\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"border-style: solid; border-color: #000000; background-color: #e9ebe8;\">\n<ul>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400; text-align: justify;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">As\u00a0 per <\/span><b>Association of Democratic Reforms\u00a0 Report,<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> the number of candidates with criminal charges elected to Parliament in India has been on the rise since 2004.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400; text-align: justify;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">During the year <\/span><b>2004<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">, <\/span><b>24% of parliamentarians had pending criminal cases,<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> which <\/span><b>rose to 43% in 2019.<\/b><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400; text-align: justify;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">In Feb 2023, there was a petition filed\u00a0 which\u00a0 showed an increase of 44% in the number of MPs with declared criminal cases since 2009.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400; text-align: justify;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">In the 2019 Lok Sabha elections, 159 MPs had declared serious criminal cases against them, including those of rape, murder, attempt to murder, kidnapping, crimes against women.<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\" wp-image-142058 aligncenter\" src=\"https:\/\/pwonlyias.com\/stage\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/11\/unnamed-38-1.webp\" alt=\"\" width=\"520\" height=\"331\" srcset=\"https:\/\/pwonlyias.com\/stage\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/11\/unnamed-38-1.webp 846w, https:\/\/pwonlyias.com\/stage\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/11\/unnamed-38-1-300x191.webp 300w, https:\/\/pwonlyias.com\/stage\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/11\/unnamed-38-1-768x488.webp 768w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 520px) 100vw, 520px\" \/><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<p>\u00a0<\/p>\n<h2><span style=\"font-size: 18pt; color: #ff6600;\"><b>Causes and Factors of Criminalisation<\/b><\/span><\/h2>\n<p><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-142059 aligncenter\" src=\"https:\/\/pwonlyias.com\/stage\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/11\/unnamed-39.webp\" alt=\"\" width=\"649\" height=\"406\" srcset=\"https:\/\/pwonlyias.com\/stage\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/11\/unnamed-39.webp 649w, https:\/\/pwonlyias.com\/stage\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/11\/unnamed-39-300x188.webp 300w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 649px) 100vw, 649px\" \/><\/p>\n<h2><span style=\"font-size: 18pt; color: #ff6600;\"><b>Supreme Court Judgement on Criminalisation of Politics<\/b><\/span><\/h2>\n<p><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-142060 aligncenter\" src=\"https:\/\/pwonlyias.com\/stage\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/11\/unnamed-40.webp\" alt=\"\" width=\"605\" height=\"432\" srcset=\"https:\/\/pwonlyias.com\/stage\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/11\/unnamed-40.webp 605w, https:\/\/pwonlyias.com\/stage\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/11\/unnamed-40-300x214.webp 300w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 605px) 100vw, 605px\" \/><\/p>\n<h3><span style=\"font-size: 16pt;\"><b>Initiatives\/Recommendations Against Criminalisation of Politics<\/b><\/span><\/h3>\n<ul>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><b>Vohra Committee(1983)<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">: It was constituted with an objective<\/span><b> to identify the extent of the political-criminal nexus<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> and to recommend ways in which the criminalisation of politics can be effectively dealt with. <\/span><b>It suggested:<\/b>\n<ul>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"2\"><b>Disqualification of Politicians with Criminal Backgrounds:<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> All political parties should be required to<\/span><b> provide information on the criminal background<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> of their candidates at the time of nomination.\u00a0<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"2\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Candidates with criminal records should be <\/span><b>disqualified from contesting elections<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> and holding public office.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"2\"><b>Establishment of Special Courts: To expedite the trial of cases involving politicians and organised crime.<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">\u00a0 These courts should have the power to confiscate the assets of convicted criminals and use the proceeds to compensate victims.<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">The<\/span><b> 244th report (2014) of the Law Commission:<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> It suggested the need to curb the trend of criminal politicians in the legislature posing serious <\/span><b>consequences to democracy and secularism<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">.<\/span>\n<ul>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"2\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">It recommended disqualification of people against\u00a0 those whose<\/span><b> charges <\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">have been framed\u00a0 for <\/span><b>at least one year before the date of scrutiny of nominations<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> for an offence punishable with a<\/span><b> sentence of five years or more.<\/b><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><b>Creation of Special Courts (2017):<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> The Union government started <\/span><b>12 <\/b><a href=\"https:\/\/pwonlyias.com\/stage\/udaan\/family-court\/\"><b>special courts<\/b><\/a><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> for a year to fast track the trial of criminal cases against MPs and MLAs.\u00a0<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h2><span style=\"font-size: 18pt; color: #ff6600;\"><b>Measures and Reforms<\/b><\/span><\/h2>\n<table>\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"text-align: justify; border-style: solid; border-color: #000000; background-color: #e9ebe8;\"><b>Legal Reforms<\/b><\/td>\n<td style=\"text-align: justify; border-style: solid; border-color: #000000; background-color: #e9ebe8;\">\n<ul>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><b>Strengthening legal frameworks<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> to disqualify individuals with serious criminal charges from contesting elections is one approach.\u00a0<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">This may include <\/span><b>amendments to electoral laws<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> and the <\/span><b>Representation of the People Act<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">.<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"text-align: justify; border-style: solid; border-color: #000000; background-color: #e9ebe8;\"><b>Transparency and Awareness:<\/b><\/td>\n<td style=\"text-align: justify; border-style: solid; border-color: #000000; background-color: #e9ebe8;\">\n<ul>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Enhancing transparency in the electoral process by providing voters with<\/span><b> information about the criminal records<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> of candidates can empower them to <\/span><b>make informed choices<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">.<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"text-align: justify; border-style: solid; border-color: #000000; background-color: #e9ebe8;\"><b>Fast-Track Courts<\/b><\/td>\n<td style=\"text-align: justify; border-style: solid; border-color: #000000; background-color: #e9ebe8;\">\n<ul>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Establishing fast-track courts<\/span><b> to expedite the resolution of criminal cases<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> involving politicians can ensure timely legal outcomes.<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"text-align: justify; border-style: solid; border-color: #000000; background-color: #e9ebe8;\"><b>Political Accountability:<\/b><\/td>\n<td style=\"text-align: justify; border-style: solid; border-color: #000000; background-color: #e9ebe8;\">\n<ul>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Encouraging political parties to<\/span><b> adopt internal mechanisms<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> that promote accountability and ethical conduct can contribute to reducing criminalisation in politics.<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"text-align: justify; border-style: solid; border-color: #000000; background-color: #e9ebe8;\"><b>Public Engagement<\/b><\/td>\n<td style=\"text-align: justify; border-style: solid; border-color: #000000; background-color: #e9ebe8;\">\n<ul>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Promoting<\/span><b> civic engagement and awareness campaigns <\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">to educate the public about the importance of supporting candidates with clean records can be impactful.<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"text-align: justify; border-style: solid; border-color: #000000; background-color: #e9ebe8;\"><b>Electoral Reforms<\/b><\/td>\n<td style=\"text-align: justify; border-style: solid; border-color: #000000; background-color: #e9ebe8;\">\n<ul>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Ongoing electoral reforms that address issues related to <\/span><b>campaign financing, political party funding, and the overall conduct of elections <\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">can contribute to reducing criminalisation.<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<p>\u00a0<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><i><span class=\"vc_button\"><\/i><a href=\"https:\/\/www.pw.live\/batches\/upsc?utm_source=seo+upsc+batch&#038;utm_medium=seo+upsc&#038;utm_campaign=seo&#038;utm_id=upsc\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"><i>Enroll now for UPSC Online Course<\/i><\/a><i><\/span><\/i>\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<table style=\"width: 100.555%;\">\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"width: 309.298%; border-style: solid; border-color: #000000; background-color: #ff5e00; text-align: center;\" colspan=\"2\"><span style=\"color: #ffffff;\"><b>Must Read<\/b><\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"width: 50.3717%; text-align: center; border-style: solid; border-color: #000000; background-color: #e9ebe8;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/pwonlyias.com\/stage\/current-affairs\/\"><b>Current Affairs<\/b><\/a><\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 258.926%; text-align: center; border-style: solid; border-color: #000000; background-color: #e9ebe8;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/pwonlyias.com\/stage\/editorial-analysis\/\"><b>Editorial Analysis<\/b><\/a><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"width: 50.3717%; text-align: center; border-style: solid; border-color: #000000; background-color: #e9ebe8;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/pwonlyias.com\/stage\/upsc-notes\"><b>Upsc Notes\u00a0<\/b><\/a><\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 258.926%; text-align: center; border-style: solid; border-color: #000000; background-color: #e9ebe8;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/pwonlyias.com\/stage\/blogs\/\"><b>Upsc Blogs\u00a0<\/b><\/a><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"width: 50.3717%; text-align: center; border-style: solid; border-color: #000000; background-color: #e9ebe8;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/pwonlyias.com\/stage\/ncert-notes\/\"><b>NCERT Notes<\/b><\/a><b>\u00a0<\/b><\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 258.926%; text-align: center; border-style: solid; border-color: #000000; background-color: #e9ebe8;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/pwonlyias.com\/stage\/mains-answer-writing\/\"><b>Free Main Answer Writing<\/b><\/a><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<h2><span style=\"font-size: 18pt;\"><b>Conclusion<\/b><\/span><\/h2>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Addressing the <\/span><b>criminalisation of politics<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> in India requires a<\/span><b> comprehensive approach<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> that includes<\/span><b> legal reforms, enhanced transparency, and active public engagement<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">.\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Initiatives such as <\/span><b>special courts and disqualification of candidates<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> with serious charges can help restore integrity to the political system.\u00a0<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">It is vital for <\/span><b>citizens to remain informed<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> and involved in the electoral process. Upholding <\/span><b>democratic values and the rule of law <\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">is essential for the future of Indian democracy.<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><b><i>Sign up for the<\/i><\/b><a href=\"https:\/\/www.pw.live\/batches\/upsc?utm_source=seo+upsc+batch&#038;utm_medium=seo+upsc&#038;utm_campaign=seo&#038;utm_id=upsc\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"> <b><i>PWOnlyIAS Online Course by Physics Wallah<\/i><\/b><\/a><b><i> and start your journey to IAS success today!<\/i><\/b><\/p>\n<table style=\"width: 100.241%;\">\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"width: 118.813%; border-style: solid; border-color: #000000; background-color: #ff5e00; text-align: center;\" colspan=\"2\"><span style=\"color: #ffffff;\"><b>Related Articles\u00a0<\/b><\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"width: 49.7488%; text-align: center; border-style: solid; border-color: #000000; background-color: #e9ebe8;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/pwonlyias.com\/stage\/ncert-notes\/direct-democracy\/\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Direct Democracy in India<\/span><\/a><\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 69.0639%; text-align: center; border-style: solid; border-color: #000000; background-color: #e9ebe8;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/pwonlyias.com\/stage\/current-affairs\/corruption-perceptions-index-2023\/\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Corruption Perceptions Index 2023<\/span><\/a><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"width: 49.7488%; text-align: center; border-style: solid; border-color: #000000; background-color: #e9ebe8;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/pwonlyias.com\/stage\/editorial-analysis\/citizen-action-for-clean-politicians-cleaner-politics\/\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Citizen Action For Clean Politicians, Cleaner Politics<\/span><\/a><\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 69.0639%; text-align: center; border-style: solid; border-color: #000000; background-color: #e9ebe8;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/pwonlyias.com\/stage\/udaan\/family-court\/\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Specialized Courts: Family Court, Commercial Courts, And Gram Nyayalayas<\/span><\/a><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>A growing number of politicians are being charged with crimes, raising concerns about criminalization in Indian politics. This will help you study for the UPSC exam.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":38,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"closed","template":"","meta":{"rank_math_lock_modified_date":false,"footnotes":""},"doc_category":[122],"doc_tag":[6021],"acf":[],"year_month":"2026-04","word_count":889,"total_views":"0","reactions":{"happy":"1","normal":"0","sad":"0"},"author_info":{"name":"Priyanka","author_nicename":"priyanka6","author_url":"https:\/\/pwonlyias.com\/stage\/author\/priyanka6"},"doc_category_info":[{"term_name":"INDIAN POLITY","term_url":"https:\/\/pwonlyias.com\/stage\/docs-category\/indian-polity"}],"doc_tag_info":[{"term_name":"Electoral Reforms and Delimitation Commission","term_url":"https:\/\/pwonlyias.com\/stage\/docs-tag\/electoral-reforms-and-delimitation-commission"}],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/pwonlyias.com\/stage\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/docs\/142053"}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/pwonlyias.com\/stage\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/docs"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/pwonlyias.com\/stage\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/docs"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/pwonlyias.com\/stage\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/38"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/pwonlyias.com\/stage\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=142053"}],"version-history":[{"count":5,"href":"https:\/\/pwonlyias.com\/stage\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/docs\/142053\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":150581,"href":"https:\/\/pwonlyias.com\/stage\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/docs\/142053\/revisions\/150581"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/pwonlyias.com\/stage\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=142053"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"doc_category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/pwonlyias.com\/stage\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/doc_category?post=142053"},{"taxonomy":"doc_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/pwonlyias.com\/stage\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/doc_tag?post=142053"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}