{"id":29475,"date":"2023-07-27T13:49:42","date_gmt":"2023-07-27T08:19:42","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/pwonlyias.com\/stage\/?post_type=docs&#038;p=29475"},"modified":"2024-05-22T11:23:32","modified_gmt":"2024-05-22T05:53:32","password":"","slug":"lord-warren-hastings-1773-1785","status":"publish","type":"docs","link":"https:\/\/pwonlyias.com\/stage\/docs\/lord-warren-hastings-1773-1785","title":{"rendered":"Warren Hastings: First Governor General, and Pioneer of British India &#038; Architect of Change"},"content":{"rendered":"<table style=\"border-collapse: collapse; width: 100%;\">\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"width: 100%; border-style: solid; border-color: #000000; background-color: #ff5e00;\">\n<h2 style=\"text-align: center;\"><span style=\"font-size: 24pt; color: #ffffff;\"><b>Warren Hastings<\/b><\/span><\/h2>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<h3 style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-size: 18pt; color: #ff6600;\"><b>Warren Hastings: Bengal&#8217;s Governor-General and Architect of Change<\/b><\/span><\/h3>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Warren Hastings was chosen by the Company to serve as Governor of Fort William in 1772. By virtue of the <a href=\"https:\/\/pwonlyias.com\/stage\/upsc-notes\/regulating-act-1773\/#:~:text=Ans.,the%20Supreme%20Court%20in%20Calcutta.\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Regulating Act of 1773<\/a>, he was elevated to the position of Governor of Bengal and the first Governor General of Bengal. Warren Hasting studied numerous languages, including Bengali and Persian, and has an <\/span><b>Orientalist <\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">perspective. The Rohilla War, the First Anglo-Maratha War, and the Second Anglo-Mysore War all took place under his rule. In 1758, Warren was accepted as a British Resident in the city of Murshidabad. He was given the duties of a representative in Bengal. However, the East India Company at the time was in charge of Bengal. They were therefore charged with distributing the new Nawab regulations. He sent orders on behalf of <a href=\"https:\/\/pwonlyias.com\/stage\/upsc-notes\/robert-clive-1754-1767\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Robert Clive<\/a>.<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><span class=\"vc_button\"> <a href=\"https:\/\/www.pw.live\/batches\/upsc?utm_source=seo+upsc+batch&#038;utm_medium=seo+upsc&#038;utm_campaign=seo&#038;utm_id=upsc\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"><strong>Enroll now for UPSC Online Course<\/strong><\/a><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<h2 style=\"text-align: justify;\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"aligncenter size-full wp-image-29476\" src=\"https:\/\/pwonlyias.com\/stage\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/07\/27.1.png\" alt=\"\" width=\"201\" height=\"273\" \/><\/h2>\n<h3 style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-size: 18pt; color: #ff6600;\"><b>Warren Hastings: Catalyst for India&#8217;s Independence Reforms<\/b><\/span><\/h3>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Warren Hastings oversaw a number of major reforms that later helped India become an independent nation. Some of the significant reforms that took place at this time include the following:<\/span><\/p>\n<h3 style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-size: 18pt; color: #ff6600;\"><b>Warren Hastings: Architect of Administrative Overhaul in India<\/b><\/span><\/h3>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">The Dual System, which Sir Robert Clive had instituted, was abolished in large part because of Warren Hastings. The following reforms were undertaken:<\/span><\/p>\n<ul style=\"text-align: justify;\">\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">In 1772, the <\/span><b><a href=\"https:\/\/pwonlyias.com\/stage\/upsc-notes\/administration-before-1857-dual-system-1765-72\/#:~:text=Robert%20Clive%20founded%20the%20infamous,Diwani%20from%20the%20Mughal%20emperor.\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Dual system<\/a> was abolished.\u00a0 <\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Warren Hasting also stopped the <\/span><b>26 lakhs payment<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> made to the <a href=\"https:\/\/pwonlyias.com\/stage\/mughal-emperors-and-mughal-empire\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Mughal Emperor<\/a> each year.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Warren Hasting founded the first <\/span><b>Supreme Court of India in Calcutta<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> based upon English law.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">During his reign, the Regulating Act of 1773 was passed. The <\/span><b>Regulating Act of 1781,<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> split the Supreme Court\u2019s authority in Calcutta between the Government and that institution.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Together with Sir William Jones, Warren Hasting founded the <\/span><b>Asiatic Society of Bengal in 1784.<\/b><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">With the passage of<\/span><b> Pitt\u2019s India Act of 1784<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">, the Governor General\u2019s Executive Council\u2019s size was increased from three to four.\u00a0<\/span>\n<ul>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"2\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">The Board of Control was also established in England.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"2\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">In 1772, Calcutta was designated as Bengal\u2019s capital.<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><span class=\"vc_button\"> <a href=\"https:\/\/www.pw.live\/batches\/upsc\/pw-only-ias?utm_source=seo+upsc+batch&#038;utm_medium=seo+upsc&#038;utm_campaign=seo&#038;utm_id=upsc\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"><strong>Enroll now for UPSC Online Classes<\/strong><\/a> <\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<h3 style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-size: 18pt; color: #ff6600;\"><b>Warren Hastings: Revolutionizing Revenue Systems in Bengal<\/b><\/span><\/h3>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">A Board of Revenue was established in Calcutta to collect the taxes. In the year 1772, Calcutta officially took over as the capital of Bengal. Additionally, the treasury was moved to the new capital from Murshidabad. The following reforms were undertaken:<\/span><\/p>\n<ul style=\"text-align: justify;\">\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Each district was assigned an English Collector.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">The <\/span><b>Accountant General<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> was appointed.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><b>Board of Revenue:\u00a0<\/b>\n<ul>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"2\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Instead of selling the lands at auction for just one year, it did it for five years to determine their true worth. Priority was granted to zamindars in the auction.\u00a0<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"2\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">It is also referred to as the Quinquennial System, the Five-Year Settlement, or Pachashala Bandobast. The system was still ineffective.<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">After the five-year settlement period expired, Hastings switched back to the <\/span><b>annual settlement system (Salana Bandobast<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">).<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h3 style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-size: 18pt; color: #ff6600;\"><b>Warren Hastings&#8217; Judicial Overhaul: Reforms and Reorganization<\/b><\/span><\/h3>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">When Warren Hastings was in charge, there were numerous judicial reforms. The first step was the abolition of the zamindars\u2019 judicial authority. The following reforms were undertaken:<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><span class=\"vc_button\"> <a href=\"https:\/\/www.pw.live\/batches\/upsc?utm_source=seo+upsc+batch&#038;utm_medium=seo+upsc&#038;utm_campaign=seo&#038;utm_id=upsc\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"><strong>Enroll now for UPSC Online Coaching<\/strong><\/a> <\/span><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">The court system was reorganised by Warren Hastings.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><b>Sadar Diwani Adalat: <\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">The highest civil court of appeals and it was presided over by the governor-general and two judges chosen from his council.<\/span><\/li>\n<li><span style=\"font-size: 15pt;\"><b style=\"font-family: var(--heading--font-family); letter-spacing: var(--heading--letter-spacing-h2); background-color: var(--global--color-background); color: var(--global--color-primary);\">Sadar Nizamat Adalat: <\/b><span style=\"font-family: var(--heading--font-family); letter-spacing: var(--heading--letter-spacing-h2); background-color: var(--global--color-background); color: var(--global--color-primary);\">The highest criminal appeals court was presided over by an Indian judge who had been chosen by the Governor General in Council.<\/span><\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"aligncenter size-full wp-image-29477\" src=\"https:\/\/pwonlyias.com\/stage\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/07\/27.2.png\" alt=\"\" width=\"398\" height=\"309\" srcset=\"https:\/\/pwonlyias.com\/stage\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/07\/27.2.png 398w, https:\/\/pwonlyias.com\/stage\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/07\/27.2-300x233.png 300w, https:\/\/pwonlyias.com\/stage\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/07\/27.2-360x279.png 360w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 398px) 100vw, 398px\" \/><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">To <\/span><b>assist the judges<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">, experts in Hindu and Muslim law were hired.\u00a0<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h3><span style=\"font-size: 18pt; color: #ff6600;\"><b>Warren Hastings: Leading Battles and Controversies<\/b><\/span><\/h3>\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><span class=\"vc_button\"> <strong><a href=\"https:\/\/www.pw.live\/batches\/upsc\/pw-only-ias?utm_source=seo+upsc+batch&#038;utm_medium=seo+upsc&#038;utm_campaign=seo&#038;utm_id=upsc\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Enroll now for Online Course<\/a> <\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n<p>\u00a0<\/p>\n<table>\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"text-align: center; border-style: solid; border-color: #000000; background-color: #ff5e00;\"><span style=\"color: #ffffff;\"><b>Wars\u00a0<\/b><\/span><\/td>\n<td style=\"text-align: center; border-style: solid; border-color: #000000; background-color: #ff5e00;\"><span style=\"color: #ffffff;\"><b>About<\/b><\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"border-style: solid; border-color: #000000; background-color: #e9ebe8;\"><b>First Anglo Maratha War (1775-1782)<\/b><\/td>\n<td style=\"border-style: solid; border-color: #000000; background-color: #e9ebe8;\">\n<ul>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">The First Anglo-Maratha War was fought (between 1775 and 1782) between the <a href=\"https:\/\/pwonlyias.com\/stage\/upsc-notes\/maratha-state-1674-1720-and-maratha-confederacy-1720-1818\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Maratha Empire<\/a> and the British East India Company.\u00a0<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">The English were compelled to sign a humiliating <\/span><b>Treaty of Wadgaon (<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> 1779) with the Marathas in Wadgaon.\u00a0<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">The <\/span><b>Treaty of Wadgaon<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> was rejected by Bengal\u2019s Governor General Warren Hastings, who sent a massive force of soldiers under the command of Colonel Goddard to conquer Bassein in December 1780 and Ahmedabad in February 1779.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">The First Phase of the Conflict came to an end with the <\/span><b>Treaty of Salbai (1782).<\/b><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"border-style: solid; border-color: #000000; background-color: #e9ebe8;\"><b>Second Anglo Mysore War (1780-1784)<\/b><\/td>\n<td style=\"border-style: solid; border-color: #000000; background-color: #e9ebe8;\">\n<ul>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">The second <a href=\"https:\/\/pwonlyias.com\/stage\/upsc-notes\/resilience-and-conflict-anglo-mysore-war\/#:~:text=The%20Anglo%20Mysore%20wars%20showcased,terminating%20the%20autonomy%20of%20Mysore.\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\" data-schema-attribute=\"mentions\">Anglo-Mysore War<\/a> broke out as a result of a<\/span><b> breach of the<\/b> <b>Treaty of Madras (1769).\u00a0<\/b><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Significant arguments arose about this between Haider Ali and the British. The second Anglo-Mysore war was the consequence of a chain of events.<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"border-style: solid; border-color: #000000; background-color: #e9ebe8;\"><b>Rohilla War (1774)<\/b><\/td>\n<td style=\"border-style: solid; border-color: #000000; background-color: #e9ebe8;\">\n<ul>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Between Oudh and the Marathas, a small kingdom called <\/span><b>Rohilkhand was controlled by Hafiz Rahmat Khan.\u00a0<\/b><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Warren Hastings received harsh criticism for his involvement in the Rohilla incident, which involved sending British troops against Rohilkhand.<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<p>\u00a0<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><span class=\"vc_button\"> <a href=\"https:\/\/www.pw.live\/batches\/upsc?utm_source=seo+upsc+batch&#038;utm_medium=seo+upsc&#038;utm_campaign=seo&#038;utm_id=upsc\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"><strong>Enroll now for UPSC Online Classes<\/strong><\/a> <\/span><\/p>\n<p>\u00a0<\/p>\n<table>\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"border-style: solid; border-color: #000000; background-color: #ff5e00;\">\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><span style=\"color: #ffffff;\"><b>#PW-OnlyIAS Edge<\/b><\/span><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"border-style: solid; border-color: #000000; background-color: #e9ebe8;\">\n<ul>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Because he was anti-European, Siraj-ud-Daulah put Warren Hasting and others in prison at Kasimbazar. Soon after, he ran away and joined the Calcutta exiles on the island of Fulda.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Later, he offered to join Robert Clive\u2019s force.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">He settled at Murshidabad as a British resident in 1758 and was given certain tasks to complete on Robert Clive\u2019s behalf.<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<p>\u00a0<\/p>\n<h3><span style=\"font-size: 18pt; color: #ff6600;\"><b>Conclusion<\/b><\/span><\/h3>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Between 1787 and 1795, attempts were made to remove Warren Hastings from office due to his misdeeds while serving as the governor of Kolkata (then Calcutta). He was accused of being personally corrupt and of poor management. The British Parliament\u2019s attempt to remove Warren Hastings from office in 1788 proved unsuccessful. Hastings was issued a ticket for misconduct while he was a resident of Calcutta. It was related to bad management and personal vice. The probe truly happened, and it turned up a wide range of conversations about the East India Company\u2019s role and growing the Indian empire. The trial for Warren Hastings was continued for seven years. Hastings received a resoundingly unanimous verdict of not guilty.<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><span class=\"vc_button\"> <a href=\"https:\/\/www.pw.live\/batches\/upsc\/pw-only-ias?utm_source=seo+upsc+batch&#038;utm_medium=seo+upsc&#038;utm_campaign=seo&#038;utm_id=upsc\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"><strong>Enroll now for UPSC Online Coaching<\/strong><\/a> <\/span><\/p>\n<h3><span style=\"font-size: 18pt;\"><b>Warren Hastings Faqs<\/b><\/span><\/h3>\n<p><b>Q1. What was Warren Hastings\u2019s activity in India?<\/b><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Ans. The first Governor-General of Bengal from 1774 until his resignation in 1785 was Warren Hastings (1732\u20131818), who also served as the Presidency of Fort William\u2019s first Governor in Bengal in 1772.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><b>Q2. What made Warren Hastings significant?<\/b><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Ans. Warren Hastings, a statesman, served as the first governor-general of British India from 1732 to 1818. He established the civil administration system that was the foundation for the security and prosperity of Anglo-India.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><b>Q3. Which policy did Warren Hastings abolish?<\/b><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Ans. In 1772, Warren Hastings abolished the Dual system of government.<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><span class=\"vc_button\"> <a href=\"https:\/\/www.pw.live\/batches\/upsc?utm_source=seo+upsc+batch&#038;utm_medium=seo+upsc&#038;utm_campaign=seo&#038;utm_id=upsc\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"><strong>Enroll now for UPSC Online Course<\/strong><\/a><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<p><b>Q4. Why was Hastings removed from office?<\/b><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Ans. Hastings was accused of misbehaviour while he was living in Calcutta, particularly in regard to poor management and personal corruption.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><b>Q5. Who was India\u2019s greatest viceroy?<\/b><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Ans. Lord Ripon served as a viceroy in India under British rule from 1880 and 1884. He is recognised as the most liberal viceroy and is also referred to as the \u201cGood Viceroy of India.\u201d<\/span><\/p>\n<table style=\"width: 97.2907%; height: 395px;\">\n<tbody>\n<tr style=\"height: 73px;\">\n<td style=\"width: 204.827%; border-style: solid; border-color: #000000; background-color: #ff5e00; text-align: center; height: 73px;\" colspan=\"2\"><span style=\"color: #ffffff;\"><b>Must Read<\/b><\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr style=\"height: 73px;\">\n<td style=\"width: 49.7426%; text-align: center; border-style: solid; border-color: #000000; background-color: #e9ebe8; height: 73px;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/pwonlyias.com\/stage\/ncert-notes\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">NCERT Notes For UPSC<\/span><\/a><\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 155.085%; text-align: center; border-style: solid; border-color: #000000; background-color: #e9ebe8; height: 73px;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/pwonlyias.com\/stage\/daily-current-affairs\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">UPSC Daily Current Affairs<\/span><\/a><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr style=\"height: 73px;\">\n<td style=\"width: 49.7426%; text-align: center; border-style: solid; border-color: #000000; background-color: #e9ebe8; height: 73px;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/pwonlyias.com\/stage\/blogs\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">UPSC Blogs<\/span><\/a><\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 155.085%; text-align: center; border-style: solid; border-color: #000000; background-color: #e9ebe8; height: 73px;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/pwonlyias.com\/stage\/editorial-analysis\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">UPSC Daily Editorials<\/span><\/a><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr style=\"height: 73px;\">\n<td style=\"width: 49.7426%; text-align: center; border-style: solid; border-color: #000000; background-color: #e9ebe8; height: 73px;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/pwonlyias.com\/stage\/quiz\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Daily Current Affairs Quiz<\/span><\/a><\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 155.085%; text-align: center; border-style: solid; border-color: #000000; background-color: #e9ebe8; height: 73px;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/pwonlyias.com\/stage\/mains-answer-writing\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Daily Main Answer Writing<\/span><\/a><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr style=\"height: 103px;\">\n<td style=\"width: 49.7426%; text-align: center; border-style: solid; border-color: #000000; background-color: #e9ebe8; height: 103px;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/pwonlyias.com\/stage\/mains-previous-year-papers\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">UPSC Mains Previous Year Papers<\/span><\/a><\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 155.085%; text-align: center; border-style: solid; border-color: #000000; background-color: #e9ebe8; height: 103px;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/pwonlyias.com\/stage\/upsc-test-series-courses\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">UPSC Test Series 2024<\/span><\/a><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Warren Hastings Warren Hastings: Bengal&#8217;s Governor-General and Architect of Change Warren Hastings was chosen by the Company to serve as Governor of Fort William in 1772. By virtue of the Regulating Act of 1773, he was elevated to the position of Governor of Bengal and the first Governor General of Bengal. Warren Hasting studied numerous&hellip; <a class=\"more-link\" href=\"https:\/\/pwonlyias.com\/stage\/docs\/lord-warren-hastings-1773-1785\">Continue reading <span class=\"screen-reader-text\">Warren Hastings: First Governor General, and Pioneer of British India &#038; Architect of Change<\/span><\/a><\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":11,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"closed","template":"","meta":{"rank_math_lock_modified_date":false,"footnotes":""},"doc_category":[135],"doc_tag":[],"acf":[],"year_month":"2026-04","word_count":1175,"total_views":"3657","reactions":{"happy":"0","normal":"0","sad":"0"},"author_info":{"name":"PWOnlyIAS","author_nicename":"pwonlyias2a","author_url":"https:\/\/pwonlyias.com\/stage\/author\/pwonlyias2a"},"doc_category_info":[{"term_name":"Modern Indian History","term_url":"https:\/\/pwonlyias.com\/stage\/docs-category\/modern-indian-history"}],"doc_tag_info":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/pwonlyias.com\/stage\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/docs\/29475"}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/pwonlyias.com\/stage\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/docs"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/pwonlyias.com\/stage\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/docs"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/pwonlyias.com\/stage\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/11"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/pwonlyias.com\/stage\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=29475"}],"version-history":[{"count":6,"href":"https:\/\/pwonlyias.com\/stage\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/docs\/29475\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":109478,"href":"https:\/\/pwonlyias.com\/stage\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/docs\/29475\/revisions\/109478"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/pwonlyias.com\/stage\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=29475"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"doc_category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/pwonlyias.com\/stage\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/doc_category?post=29475"},{"taxonomy":"doc_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/pwonlyias.com\/stage\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/doc_tag?post=29475"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}