{"id":29666,"date":"2024-08-14T15:06:57","date_gmt":"2024-08-14T09:36:57","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/pwonlyias.com\/stage\/?post_type=docs&#038;p=29666"},"modified":"2024-08-16T18:21:55","modified_gmt":"2024-08-16T12:51:55","password":"","slug":"the-phase-of-free-trade-1813-1858","status":"publish","type":"docs","link":"https:\/\/pwonlyias.com\/stage\/docs\/the-phase-of-free-trade-1813-1858","title":{"rendered":"British Economic Policy in India"},"content":{"rendered":"<table style=\"border-collapse: collapse; width: 100%;\">\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"width: 100%; border-style: solid; border-color: #000000; background-color: #ff5e00;\">\n<h2 style=\"text-align: center;\"><span style=\"font-size: 24pt; color: #ffffff;\"><b>British Economic Policy in India: Exploitation, Free Trade Phase (1813-1858) and Its Impact on India&#8217;s Economy<\/b><\/span><\/h2>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<h3 style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-size: 18pt; color: #ff6600;\"><b>British Economic Policy in India Impact: India&#8217;s Shift from Monopoly to Free Market (1813-1858)<\/b><\/span><\/h3>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">This phase started with <\/span><b>the <a href=\"https:\/\/pwonlyias.com\/stage\/upsc-notes\/charter-act-of-1813\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Charter Act of 1813 <\/a><\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">when the British lost the monopoly of trading in India. This phase continued till the British crown took direct control of territories in India in 1858. <\/span><b>The mode of exploitation during this phase was Trade, thus it is also termed Colonialism of free trade.<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> In this phase, India became a market for British manufactured goods, especially Textiles. At the same time, the export of raw materials from India also increased.\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<table>\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"border-style: solid; border-color: #000000; background-color: #ff5e00;\">\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><span style=\"color: #ffffff;\"><b>#PW-OnlyIas Edge<\/b><\/span><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"border-style: solid; border-color: #000000; background-color: #e9ebe8;\"><b>Phases of British Economic Policy in India<\/b><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">There are three broad phases of British Economic policy in India:\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><b>The First Phase<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> is known as the Mercantilist phase which was characterized by the direct plunder of Indian resources.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><b>The Second Phase<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> is also known as the Laissez-faire phase which emphasizes the free trade policy.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><b>The Third Phase<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> is known as the phase of Finance Imperialism. During this period Britain made heavy investments in infrastructure like Railway, telegraph and others.\u00a0<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<p>\u00a0<\/p>\n<h3 style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-size: 18pt; color: #ff6600;\"><b>Key Aspects: British Economic Policy in India Free Trade Phase Impact on India&#8217;s Economy<\/b><\/span><\/h3>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">The important features of this phase of <\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">British Economic Policy in India<\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> are as follows:\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<ul style=\"text-align: justify;\">\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><b>Integration of India with World Economy:<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> With the introduction of the free trade policy, the <a href=\"https:\/\/pwonlyias.com\/stage\/indian-economy\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Indian economy<\/a> was integrated with the British and World Capitalist economy.\u00a0<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><b>Transformation of Agrarian structure:<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> The permanent Settlement and Ryotwari system of revenue collection were introduced which changed the agrarian structure of India.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><b>Last mile reach:<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> Efforts were made to make British goods reach the interior villages and to make the movement of agricultural goods from villages smooth.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><b>Introduction of Modern Education: <\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">To provide cheap labour for the British administration, steps were taken to introduce modern education in India.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><b>Commercialization of agriculture: <\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">The decline of handicraft industries and commercialization of <a href=\"https:\/\/pwonlyias.com\/stage\/upsc-notes\/agriculture\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">agriculture<\/a> caused poverty, unemployment, and recurring incidence of famine.<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h3 style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-size: 18pt; color: #ff6600;\"><b>Conclusion<\/b><\/span><\/h3>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">This phase turned India into a market for cheap British textiles and a supplier of raw materials for industries in Europe. It was another step by the Britishers for the economic plunder of India.<\/span><\/p>\n<table style=\"width: 97.2907%; height: 395px;\">\n<tbody>\n<tr style=\"height: 73px;\">\n<td style=\"width: 204.827%; border-style: solid; border-color: #000000; background-color: #ff5e00; text-align: center; height: 73px;\" colspan=\"2\"><span style=\"color: #ffffff;\"><b>Must Read<\/b><\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr style=\"height: 73px;\">\n<td style=\"width: 49.7426%; text-align: center; border-style: solid; border-color: #000000; background-color: #e9ebe8; height: 73px;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/pwonlyias.com\/stage\/ncert-notes\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">NCERT Notes For UPSC<\/span><\/a><\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 155.085%; text-align: center; border-style: solid; border-color: #000000; background-color: #e9ebe8; height: 73px;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/pwonlyias.com\/stage\/daily-current-affairs\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">UPSC Daily Current Affairs<\/span><\/a><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr style=\"height: 73px;\">\n<td style=\"width: 49.7426%; text-align: center; border-style: solid; border-color: #000000; background-color: #e9ebe8; height: 73px;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/pwonlyias.com\/stage\/blogs\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">UPSC Blogs<\/span><\/a><\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 155.085%; text-align: center; border-style: solid; border-color: #000000; background-color: #e9ebe8; height: 73px;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/pwonlyias.com\/stage\/editorial-analysis\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">UPSC Daily Editorials<\/span><\/a><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr style=\"height: 73px;\">\n<td style=\"width: 49.7426%; text-align: center; border-style: solid; border-color: #000000; background-color: #e9ebe8; height: 73px;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/pwonlyias.com\/stage\/quiz\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Daily Current Affairs Quiz<\/span><\/a><\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 155.085%; text-align: center; border-style: solid; border-color: #000000; background-color: #e9ebe8; height: 73px;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/pwonlyias.com\/stage\/mains-answer-writing\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Daily Main Answer Writing<\/span><\/a><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr style=\"height: 103px;\">\n<td style=\"width: 49.7426%; text-align: center; border-style: solid; border-color: #000000; background-color: #e9ebe8; height: 103px;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/pwonlyias.com\/stage\/mains-previous-year-papers\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">UPSC Mains Previous Year Papers<\/span><\/a><\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 155.085%; text-align: center; border-style: solid; border-color: #000000; background-color: #e9ebe8; height: 103px;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/pwonlyias.com\/stage\/upsc-test-series-courses\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">UPSC Test Series 2024<\/span><\/a><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>British Economic Policy in India: Exploitation, Free Trade Phase (1813-1858) and Its Impact on India&#8217;s Economy British Economic Policy in India Impact: India&#8217;s Shift from Monopoly to Free Market (1813-1858) This phase started with the Charter Act of 1813 when the British lost the monopoly of trading in India. This phase continued till the British&hellip; <a class=\"more-link\" href=\"https:\/\/pwonlyias.com\/stage\/docs\/the-phase-of-free-trade-1813-1858\">Continue reading <span class=\"screen-reader-text\">British Economic Policy in India<\/span><\/a><\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":11,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"closed","template":"","meta":{"rank_math_lock_modified_date":false,"footnotes":""},"doc_category":[135],"doc_tag":[],"acf":[],"year_month":"2026-04","word_count":397,"total_views":"682","reactions":{"happy":"4","normal":"0","sad":"0"},"author_info":{"name":"PWOnlyIAS","author_nicename":"pwonlyias2a","author_url":"https:\/\/pwonlyias.com\/stage\/author\/pwonlyias2a"},"doc_category_info":[{"term_name":"Modern Indian History","term_url":"https:\/\/pwonlyias.com\/stage\/docs-category\/modern-indian-history"}],"doc_tag_info":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/pwonlyias.com\/stage\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/docs\/29666"}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/pwonlyias.com\/stage\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/docs"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/pwonlyias.com\/stage\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/docs"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/pwonlyias.com\/stage\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/11"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/pwonlyias.com\/stage\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=29666"}],"version-history":[{"count":4,"href":"https:\/\/pwonlyias.com\/stage\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/docs\/29666\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":82647,"href":"https:\/\/pwonlyias.com\/stage\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/docs\/29666\/revisions\/82647"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/pwonlyias.com\/stage\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=29666"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"doc_category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/pwonlyias.com\/stage\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/doc_category?post=29666"},{"taxonomy":"doc_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/pwonlyias.com\/stage\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/doc_tag?post=29666"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}