{"id":29938,"date":"2023-07-29T14:14:39","date_gmt":"2023-07-29T08:44:39","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/pwonlyias.com\/stage\/?post_type=docs&#038;p=29938"},"modified":"2024-03-13T12:36:09","modified_gmt":"2024-03-13T07:06:09","password":"","slug":"rowlatt-act-and-satyagraha-1919","status":"publish","type":"docs","link":"https:\/\/pwonlyias.com\/stage\/docs\/rowlatt-act-and-satyagraha-1919","title":{"rendered":"Rowlatt Acts of 1919: Gandhi&#8217;s Satyagraha &#038; Birth of India&#8217;s Anti-Colonial Uprising"},"content":{"rendered":"<table style=\"border-collapse: collapse; width: 100%;\">\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"width: 100%; border-style: solid; border-color: #000000; background-color: #ff5e00;\">\n<h2 style=\"text-align: center;\"><span style=\"font-size: 24pt; color: #ffffff;\"><b>Rowlatt Acts of 1919: Gandhi&#8217;s Satyagraha &#038; Birth of India&#8217;s Anti-Colonial Uprising<\/b><\/span><\/h2>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<h3 style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-size: 18pt; color: #ff6600;\"><b>Rowlatt Acts: 1919 Repression in British India<\/b><\/span><\/h3>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">In 1917, the government created a commission chaired by Sydney Rowlatt to examine and repress the country\u2019s revolutionary movements. Rowlatt Acts were passed by the Imperial Legislative Council, the legislature of British India, in February 1919. The acts provided for the non-jury trial of some political crimes and the imprisonment of suspects without charge.<\/span><\/p>\n<table style=\"border-collapse: collapse; width: 100%;\">\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"width: 100%; border-style: solid; border-color: #000000; background-color: #e9ebe8; text-align: center;\"><strong>Also Read: <\/strong><a href=\"https:\/\/pwonlyias.com\/stage\/upsc-notes\/government-of-india-1919-act\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">GOVERNMENT OF INDIA ACT 1919<\/a><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<h3 style=\"text-align: justify;\"><\/h3>\n<h3 style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"color: #ff6600; font-size: 18pt;\"><b>Rowlatt Act 1919: Unjust Detentions and Suspended Rights<\/b><\/span><\/h3>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Despite fierce resistance, the Rowlatt Bill was enacted and entered law on <\/span><b>March 21, 1919<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">. The provisions of the acts were as:<\/span><\/p>\n<ul style=\"text-align: justify;\">\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Constant wartime constraints<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">The Act gave the government the authority to jail anyone without a trial or conviction in a court of law<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">As a result, the government suspends the right to habeas corpus<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Detention without trial for up to two years<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">No right to challenge the court\u2019s decision\u00a0<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h3 style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-size: 18pt; color: #ff6600;\"><b>Satyagraha Against the Rowlatt Act: Protesting Rowlatt Bill, 1919<\/b><\/span><\/h3>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">On February 24, 1919, <\/span><b>Gandhi established the Satyagraha Sabha<\/b> <b>in Bombay<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> to protest the Rowlatt Bill.\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<table style=\"border-collapse: collapse; width: 100%;\">\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"width: 100%; border-style: solid; border-color: #000000; background-color: #e9ebe8; text-align: center;\"><strong>Also Read: <\/strong><a href=\"https:\/\/pwonlyias.com\/stage\/upsc-notes\/rowlatt-act-and-satyagraha-1919\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">ROWLATT ACTS OF 1919: GANDHI\u2019S SATYAGRAHA &#038; BIRTH OF INDIA\u2019S ANTI-COLONIAL UPRISING<\/a><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<h3 style=\"text-align: justify;\"><\/h3>\n<h3 style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-size: 18pt; color: #ff6600;\"><b>Satyagraha Allies and Opponents: 1919 Movement Dynamics<\/b><\/span><\/h3>\n<ul style=\"text-align: justify;\">\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><b>Support to the Movement<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">: The younger members of Peasant\u2019s Home Rule League, including leaders like Jamnadas Dwarkadas, Shankarlal Banerjee, Umar Sobhani, and B G Horniman are all members of the committee.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><b>Common Cause<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">: On the question of Khilafat and Turkey\u2019s loss in World War I, Muslim leaders such as Abdul Bari and Dr. M A Ansari joined Gandhi in this cause.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><b>Opponents of the Movement<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">: Liberal leaders opposed the movement because they believed it would stymie impending constitutional amendments. Surendranath Banerjee, D E Wacha, T B Sapru, and Srinivas Sastri were among them.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><b>Annie Beasant and Other: <\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">She objected, claiming that there is nothing in the Act to oppose. N C Kelkar, a supporter of B G Tilak, and G S Khaparde also opposed the Satyagraha.<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h3 style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-size: 18pt; color: #ff6600;\"><b>Gandhi&#8217;s Rowlatt Satyagraha: Defiance, Arrest, and Unrest<\/b><\/span><\/h3>\n<ul style=\"text-align: justify;\">\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><b>First Satyagraha of Gandhiji<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">: The Rowlatt Act Satyagraha was Gandhi\u2019s first All-India Satyagraha protest.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><b>Hartal: <\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">It was originally scheduled on March 30th, but was later moved to April 6th. It was declared National Humiliation Day.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><b>Defiance<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">: Gandhi advised the Satyagrahis to defy the law, particularly the prohibition on carrying illegal books and literature.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><b>Arrest of Gandhi:<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> Gandhi travelled to Bombay on April 8th to expand and support the Satyagraha in Delhi and Punjab. However, Gandhi was apprehended from a train near Delhi and transported back to Bombay. The news of Gandhi\u2019s arrest sparked a wave of unrest across the country.<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<table style=\"border-collapse: collapse; width: 100%;\">\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"width: 100%; border-style: solid; border-color: #000000; background-color: #e9ebe8; text-align: center;\"><strong><strong>Also Read: <\/strong><\/strong><a href=\"https:\/\/pwonlyias.com\/stage\/upsc-notes\/ahmadabad-mill-strike-1918\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">AHMEDABAD MILL STRIKE 1918: GANDHI\u2019S FIRST HUNGER STRIKE &#038; ECONOMIC JUSTICE<\/a><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<h3 style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"color: #ff6600; font-size: 18pt;\"><b>Conclusion<\/b><\/span><\/h3>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">The Rowlatt Act Satyagraha was the first fully nationwide anti-colonial uprising in India (the Rebellion of 1857 was unsuccessful in uniting the entire nation). One aspect of the demonstrations\u2014the display of Hindu-Muslim harmony\u2014remained constant despite the wide variations in size, intensity, and nature of the events.\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<h3 style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-size: 18pt; color: #ff6600;\"><b>Previous Year Question (Prelims)<\/b><\/span><\/h3>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><b>Q1. With reference to Rowlatt Satyagraha, which of the following statements is\/are correct? [2015]<\/b><\/p>\n<ol style=\"text-align: justify;\">\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">The Rowlatt Act was based on the recommendations of the \u2018Sedition Committee\u2019.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">In Rowlatt Satyagraha, Gandhiji tried to utilize the Home Rule League.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Demonstrations against the arrival of the Simon Commission coincided with Rowlatt Satyagraha.<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Select the correct answer using the codes given below.<\/span><\/p>\n<ol>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400; text-align: justify;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">1 only<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400; text-align: justify;\" aria-level=\"1\"><b>1 and 2 only<\/b><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400; text-align: justify;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">2 and 3 only<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400; text-align: justify;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">1, 2 and 3<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<table style=\"width: 99.3543%; height: 395px;\">\n<tbody>\n<tr style=\"height: 73px;\">\n<td style=\"width: 206.949%; border-style: solid; border-color: #000000; background-color: #ff5e00; text-align: center; height: 73px;\" colspan=\"2\"><span style=\"color: #ffffff;\"><b>Must Read<\/b><\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr style=\"height: 73px;\">\n<td style=\"width: 49.7426%; text-align: center; border-style: solid; border-color: #000000; background-color: #e9ebe8; height: 73px;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/pwonlyias.com\/stage\/ncert-notes\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">NCERT Notes For UPSC<\/span><\/a><\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 157.207%; text-align: center; border-style: solid; border-color: #000000; background-color: #e9ebe8; height: 73px;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/pwonlyias.com\/stage\/daily-current-affairs\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">UPSC Daily Current Affairs<\/span><\/a><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr style=\"height: 73px;\">\n<td style=\"width: 49.7426%; text-align: center; border-style: solid; border-color: #000000; background-color: #e9ebe8; height: 73px;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/pwonlyias.com\/stage\/blogs\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">UPSC Blogs<\/span><\/a><\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 157.207%; text-align: center; border-style: solid; border-color: #000000; background-color: #e9ebe8; height: 73px;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/pwonlyias.com\/stage\/editorial-analysis\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">UPSC Daily Editorials<\/span><\/a><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr style=\"height: 73px;\">\n<td style=\"width: 49.7426%; text-align: center; border-style: solid; border-color: #000000; background-color: #e9ebe8; height: 73px;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/pwonlyias.com\/stage\/quiz\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Daily Current Affairs Quiz<\/span><\/a><\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 157.207%; text-align: center; border-style: solid; border-color: #000000; background-color: #e9ebe8; height: 73px;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/pwonlyias.com\/stage\/mains-answer-writing\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Daily Main Answer Writing<\/span><\/a><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr style=\"height: 103px;\">\n<td style=\"width: 49.7426%; text-align: center; border-style: solid; border-color: #000000; background-color: #e9ebe8; height: 103px;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/pwonlyias.com\/stage\/mains-previous-year-papers\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">UPSC Mains Previous Year Papers<\/span><\/a><\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 157.207%; text-align: center; border-style: solid; border-color: #000000; background-color: #e9ebe8; height: 103px;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/pwonlyias.com\/stage\/upsc-test-series-courses\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">UPSC Test Series 2024<\/span><\/a><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Rowlatt Acts of 1919: Gandhi&#8217;s Satyagraha &#038; Birth of India&#8217;s Anti-Colonial Uprising Rowlatt Acts: 1919 Repression in British India In 1917, the government created a commission chaired by Sydney Rowlatt to examine and repress the country\u2019s revolutionary movements. Rowlatt Acts were passed by the Imperial Legislative Council, the legislature of British India, in February 1919.&hellip; <a class=\"more-link\" href=\"https:\/\/pwonlyias.com\/stage\/docs\/rowlatt-act-and-satyagraha-1919\">Continue reading <span class=\"screen-reader-text\">Rowlatt Acts of 1919: Gandhi&#8217;s Satyagraha &#038; Birth of India&#8217;s Anti-Colonial Uprising<\/span><\/a><\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":11,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"closed","template":"","meta":{"rank_math_lock_modified_date":false,"footnotes":""},"doc_category":[135],"doc_tag":[],"acf":[],"year_month":"2026-04","word_count":593,"total_views":"1131","reactions":{"happy":"0","normal":"0","sad":"0"},"author_info":{"name":"PWOnlyIAS","author_nicename":"pwonlyias2a","author_url":"https:\/\/pwonlyias.com\/stage\/author\/pwonlyias2a"},"doc_category_info":[{"term_name":"Modern Indian History","term_url":"https:\/\/pwonlyias.com\/stage\/docs-category\/modern-indian-history"}],"doc_tag_info":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/pwonlyias.com\/stage\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/docs\/29938"}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/pwonlyias.com\/stage\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/docs"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/pwonlyias.com\/stage\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/docs"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/pwonlyias.com\/stage\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/11"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/pwonlyias.com\/stage\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=29938"}],"version-history":[{"count":3,"href":"https:\/\/pwonlyias.com\/stage\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/docs\/29938\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":77921,"href":"https:\/\/pwonlyias.com\/stage\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/docs\/29938\/revisions\/77921"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/pwonlyias.com\/stage\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=29938"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"doc_category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/pwonlyias.com\/stage\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/doc_category?post=29938"},{"taxonomy":"doc_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/pwonlyias.com\/stage\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/doc_tag?post=29938"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}