{"id":3929,"date":"2021-01-22T15:46:20","date_gmt":"2021-01-22T10:16:20","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/pwonlyias.com\/stage\/?page_id=3929"},"modified":"2024-04-27T12:48:27","modified_gmt":"2024-04-27T07:18:27","password":"","slug":"linkage-between-organised-crime-and-terrorism","status":"publish","type":"docs","link":"https:\/\/pwonlyias.com\/stage\/docs\/linkage-between-organised-crime-and-terrorism","title":{"rendered":"Organised Crime And Terrorism: Aspects, Fctors, Challenges"},"content":{"rendered":"<table style=\"width: 98.6802%;\">\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"width: 100%; border-style: solid; border-color: #000000; background-color: #ff5e00;\">\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><span style=\"color: #ffffff; font-size: 24pt;\"><strong>Organised Crime And Terrorism: Aspects, Fctors, Challenges<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">To prepare for <\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/pwonlyias.com\/stage\/internal-security\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">INTERNAL SECURITY<\/span><\/a><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> for any competitive exam, aspirants have to know about Linkage between Organised Crime and Terrorism. It gives an idea of all the important topics for the IAS Exam and the Economy syllabus (GS-III.). The linkage between Organised Crime and Terrorism terms are important from Economy perspectives in the UPSC exam. IAS aspirants should thoroughly understand their meaning and application, as questions can be asked from this static portion of the IAS Syllabus in both the UPSC Prelims and the UPSC Mains exams. Even these topics are also highly linked with current affairs. Almost every question asked from them is related to current events. So, apart from standard textbooks, you should rely on newspapers and news analyses as well for these sections.<\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-size: 18pt; color: #ff6600;\"><strong>Organised crime: Introduction<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n<ul style=\"text-align: justify;\">\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Understanding the organized criminal group as per UN convention against Transnational Organised Crime defines organized criminal group as:<\/span>\n<ul>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"2\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">A group of three or more persons that was not randomly formed;<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"2\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">existing for a period of time;<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"2\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">acting in concert with the aim of committing at least one crime punishable by at least four years\u2019 incarceration;<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"2\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">In order to obtain, directly or indirectly, a financial or other material benefit.<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Organised crimes are done with the motive of monetary gains by illegal means. Organised crimes are transnational in nature. Their presence is a great threat for the country\u2019s security.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Definition of organised crime as per Maharashtra control of organised crime act, 1999.\u201d Organised crime\u201d means any continuing unlawful activity by an individual, singly or jointly, either as a member of an organised crime syndicate or on behalf of such syndicate by using violence or threat of violence or intimidation or coercion, or other unlawful means, with the objective of gaining pecuniary benefits, or gaining undue economic or other advantage for himself or any person or promoting insurgency.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Interpol has defined organised crime as \u201cAny group having a corporate structure whose primary objective is to obtain money through illegal activities, often surviving on fear and corruption\u201d<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Organised crime (OC) is highly sophisticated, diversified, and widespread activity that annually drains billions of dollars from the global economy by unlawful conduct and illegal use of force, fraud, and corruption.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Organized criminal activities weaken the stability of the nation\u2019s economic system, harm innocent investors and competing organizations, interfere with free competition, seriously burdens interstate and foreign commerce, threaten the domestic security and undermine the general welfare of the nation and its citizen<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"color: #ff6600; font-size: 18pt;\"><strong>Organised Crime: Traditional and Non-Traditional Aspects<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n<ul style=\"text-align: justify;\">\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Traditional organised crime (illicit liquor trade, betting, gambling, extortion etc.).<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Non-traditional organised crime (money laundering, circulation of fake currency, Hawala transfer etc.)<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><span class=\"vc_button\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.pw.live\/batches\/upsc?utm_source=seo+upsc+batch&#038;utm_medium=seo+upsc&#038;utm_campaign=seo&#038;utm_id=upsc\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Enroll now for UPSC Online Course<\/a><\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Organised crime thrives in the areas where enforcement of law and order is not proper.<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-size: 18pt; color: #ff6600;\"><strong>Organised Crime: Factor helping in growth<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n<ul style=\"text-align: justify;\">\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Increasing demands of illegal goods in the global market like trade of Human organs, endangered wildlife, drugs etc.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Geographical terrain and open borders.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Globalization has brought new opportunities and markets for these groups.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Unholy nexus between politicians, bureaucrats and criminals<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Criminalisation of politics.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Technology also helped them to operate safely hence reducing their risk.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Return compared to the risk factor is very high.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">India\u2019s proximity with drug producing regions like Golden Crescent in the West and Golden Triangle in the East.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">The globalization of the economy has definitely helped the crime syndicates carry out their illegal activities across the borders with great ease. This has been further facilitated by the phenomenon of \u2018digital money\u2019. Such organizations, very conveniently, find safe havens outside the country.<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"color: #ff6600; font-size: 18pt;\"><strong>Organised Crime: Variants\u00a0<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n<ul style=\"text-align: justify;\">\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Arms trafficking.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Drug Abuse and Drug Trafficking<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Narcotics trafficking<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Human smuggling<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><a href=\"https:\/\/pwonlyias.com\/stage\/upsc-notes\/money-laundering\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Money laundering<\/span><\/a><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Illegal Immigration<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Contract Killings<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Prostitution<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Fake currency<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Gold smuggling<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Maritime piracy<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Extortion<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Cybercrime <\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">etc.<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">\u00a0<\/span><span style=\"color: #ff6600; font-size: 18pt;\"><strong>Organised Crime: Challenges<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n<ul style=\"text-align: justify;\">\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><strong>No Specific law:<\/strong> India does not have any specific law to deal with organised crime. It depends on various provisions of IPC and other laws which are scattered.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><strong>Anonymity of leadership:<\/strong> As organized criminal groups are structured in a hierarchical manner, it becomes difficult to identify these leaders. Also, such groups keep changing their leadership to avoid law enforcement agencies.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><strong>Lack of Resources:<\/strong> According to the Constitution, police is a state subject. But many states are not in a position to invest resources to deal with organised crime.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><strong>No Central Agency:<\/strong> India does not have any central agency to coordinate with state agencies, for combating organised crime.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><strong>Trans-national presence:<\/strong> Some of the crimes are planned outside the country. Tough terrain in India\u2019s neighborhood provides safe havens to these organized criminals.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><strong>Poor criminal justice system:<\/strong> There are 3 crore pending cases in the Indian judiciary. The delayed justice and poor investigation by police also gives opportunity to these organized criminals to exploit the system.<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"color: #ff6600; font-size: 18pt;\"><strong>Organised Crime: Suggestions<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n<ul style=\"text-align: justify;\">\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">We should also create one central agency mandated under the law, to coordinate with state agencies for all the issues related to organised crime.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Improving intelligence is the most important task because organised crimes are done anonymously. Such anonymity can only be traced with the help of strong local intelligence.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Cooperation of<a href=\"https:\/\/pwonlyias.com\/stage\/upsc-notes\/international-organizations\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"> International organizations<\/a>, governments and civil society is needed to curb the crimes with no borders.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Central government should allocate more resources to the state government to improve their criminal justice system.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Police department should be made truly independent to deal with organized criminals.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Improving the criminal justice system.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Separating law and order functions and investigation functions of police.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Unemployment should be reduced by giving priority to job creation and skill development.<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"color: #ff6600; font-size: 18pt;\"><strong>Understanding the link between the organised crime and Terrorism:<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n<ul style=\"text-align: justify;\">\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Terrorism and organised crimes (money laundering, drug trade, weapons trade, human trafficking, fake currency) are conjoined twins that pose a great threat to the world through their syndicate and their deadly effects.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">To carry out terrorist activity a lot of money is required, so terrorists engage in organised crime to fund their terrorist activity. Organised crime is the main source to generate money for terrorists.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Due to the transnational nature of organised crime they host the terrorist and create opportunities for their growth in new areas.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Terrorist groups use the established network of organized criminal groups for transfer of money.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Organised crime groups provide smuggled arms and explosives to terrorist groups in exchange terrorist groups provide protection, drugs etc.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Terrorist organizations also mobilize funds by providing couriers of illegal drugs and arms etc. for various organized criminal groups.<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">They have a symbiotic relationship and their strong presence can be seen in the areas having ineffective governance. But all organised crime is not a terrorist act and not all terrorist acts are organised crime.<\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"color: #ff6600; font-size: 18pt;\"><strong>Examples showing relationship between organised crime and terrorism:<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n<ul style=\"text-align: justify;\">\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Human trafficking, drug trafficking and gun running are some of the other criminal activities that have been common sources of funds for terrorism.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">In the Northeast, extortion is the fundamental basis for funding all forms of terrorism. In addition to this, kidnapping has been used extensively for spreading terror and raising funds.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">In J&#038;K, counterfeit currency has been a major source of funding terrorism. Money laundering plays a significant role. Hawala (money laundering) transactions take place swiftly and effectively in Kashmir.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">In the Maoist terror movements, extortion is yet again a common phenomenon. They have also indulged in robberies of banks to fund their movement.<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><span class=\"vc_button\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.pw.live\/batches\/upsc\/pw-only-ias?utm_source=seo+upsc+batch&#038;utm_medium=seo+upsc&#038;utm_campaign=seo&#038;utm_id=upsc\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Enroll now for UPSC Online Classes<\/a><\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"color: #ff6600; font-size: 18pt;\"><strong>Similarities Between Organised Crime and Terrorism:<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n<ul style=\"text-align: justify;\">\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Both use extreme violence and the threat of reprisals. The violent activities include use of kidnappings, assassinations, and extortion.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Both operate secretly, though at times publicly in friendly territory.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Both defy the state and the rule of law. They present a great security threat to the nations.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Both are highly adaptable, innovative, and resilient.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">They both have provided social services, though this is much more frequently seen with terrorist groups.<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"color: #ff6600; font-size: 18pt;\"><strong>Linkages Between Organised Crime and Terrorism:<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n<ul style=\"text-align: justify;\">\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Terrorist groups need arms and money to fight against security forces. The organized criminals and terrorist groups become clients of each other. Organized criminals groups smuggle arms, drugs, cattle, humans to generate money for terrorist groups.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Terrorist groups always try to destabilize the country and bring down the morale of security forces. When the terrorist groups are unable to confront the security forces directly, they turn towards organized criminals. Thus organized criminals indirectly help these terrorist groups.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Organized criminal groups generally establish strong communication networks. These organized groups act as eyes and ears of the terrorist groups.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Terrorist organizations in India, especially in the northeast, mobilize funds by becoming couriers of illegal drugs and arms and at times even human beings from one point to another within the country.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Terrorists are always in need of money. As they fail to mobilize large amounts of money, they take help of organized criminals to exchange counterfeit currency with arms.<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-size: 18pt; color: #ff6600;\"><strong>Penetration of Organised crime and their link with terrorism in different states of India<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n<table style=\"width: 98.5578%;\">\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"width: 22.1768%; border-style: solid; border-color: #000000; background-color: #e9ebe8;\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Jammu and Kashmir<\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">\u00a0<\/span><\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 104.91%; border-style: solid; border-color: #000000; background-color: #e9ebe8;\">\n<ul>\n<li><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Money laundering and Hawala transactions took place in the state in order to fund the terrorist activity.<\/span><\/li>\n<li><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Fake currency is used for the payment of terrorists.<\/span><\/li>\n<li><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Terrorists as couriers for fake currency in the state.<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"width: 22.1768%; border-style: solid; border-color: #000000; background-color: #e9ebe8;\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">North-East Region:<\/span><\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 104.91%; border-style: solid; border-color: #000000; background-color: #e9ebe8;\">\n<ul>\n<li><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Extortion, kidnapping etc. are main sources to generate money for funding insurgency in the region.<\/span><\/li>\n<li><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Terrorists provide courier services for organized criminal groups like illegal drugs and illegal arms etc.<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"width: 22.1768%; border-style: solid; border-color: #000000; background-color: #e9ebe8;\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">In Left wing extremism area:<\/span><\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 104.91%; border-style: solid; border-color: #000000; background-color: #e9ebe8;\">\n<ul>\n<li><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Extortion is the main source of revenue for funding extremism.<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Another perfect example of this link of terrorism and organised crime can be seen in the Bombay blast of 1993. The groups like D-company come in light.<\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"color: #ff6600; font-size: 18pt;\"><strong>Difference between organised crime and terrorism<\/strong><\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<table style=\"width: 93.9166%;\">\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"width: 42.2521%; text-align: center; border-style: solid; border-color: #000000; background-color: #ff5e00;\"><strong><span style=\"color: #ffffff;\">ORGANISED CRIME<\/span><\/strong><\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 111.157%; text-align: center; border-style: solid; border-color: #000000; background-color: #ff5e00;\"><strong><span style=\"color: #ffffff;\">TERRORISM<\/span><\/strong><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"width: 42.2521%; border-style: solid; border-color: #000000; background-color: #e9ebe8;\">\n<ul>\n<li><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Aims to run a parallel economy<\/span><\/li>\n<li><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Any change to the status quo is accidental.<\/span><\/li>\n<li><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Mostly prefers non-violence<\/span><\/li>\n<li><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Economic objectives<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 111.157%; border-style: solid; border-color: #000000; background-color: #e9ebe8;\">\n<ul>\n<li><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Aims to overthrow the existing by changing the status quo.<\/span><\/li>\n<li><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Violence is the main weapon.<\/span><\/li>\n<li><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Political objective.<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">\u00a0 \u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"color: #ff6600; font-size: 18pt;\"><strong>Organised crime and terrorism: Breaking the Nexus<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">With increasing international pressure, increased understanding between governments of different countries the state funding of these terrorists is going down day by day so, for financial viability their link with organised crime is increasing.<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-size: 18pt; color: #ff6600;\"><strong>Combating Organised Crime: Strategic Measures and Legal Reforms<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n<ul style=\"text-align: justify;\">\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Stringent laws are required like Gangster act to tackle organised crime.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Better intelligence and along with good military support.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Disrupting the networks of terrorists and syndicates of organized criminal groups.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Multilateral arrangements applied in which terrorist organizations and organized criminal networks and their link can be broken by intelligence, local police and with help of central government departments.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Loopholes in the laws which are exploited by the organized criminal networks should be removed.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Capacity and better training to law enforcement agencies of the country.<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"color: #ff6600; font-size: 18pt;\"><strong>Government\u2019s effort to deal with organised crime in the country<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n<ul style=\"text-align: justify;\">\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Various laws under IPC and CRPC.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Enactment of Maharashtra control of organised crime act, 1999.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">The unlawful activities prevention act of 1967.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Various measures related to prevention of these crimes in border areas and coastal regions of the country.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Strengthening of law enforcement of agencies.<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><span class=\"vc_button\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.pw.live\/batches\/upsc?utm_source=seo+upsc+batch&#038;utm_medium=seo+upsc&#038;utm_campaign=seo&#038;utm_id=upsc\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Enroll now for UPSC Online Course<\/a><\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">But as organised crimes are transnational in nature, collective efforts are needed.<\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"color: #ff6600; font-size: 18pt;\"><strong>Organised Crime: Initiatives Taken<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n<ul style=\"text-align: justify;\">\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">UN convention against Transnational Organised Crime along with three other protocols i.e. trafficking in persons especially women and children, smuggling of migrants, illegal manufacturing and trafficking of firearms.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">UN office on Drug and crime for better enforcement of law and capacity building.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Creation of a financial action task force to deal with issues of money laundering and terror funding.<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-size: 18pt; color: #ff6600;\"><strong>Conclusion:<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">The threat of organised crime is increasing day by day as organised crime feeds over instability and weak law enforcement so , strengthening the governance mechanism is the key. India must take its immediate neighbor in confidence that their land must not be used for organised crime and strengthening the regional organization.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"color: #ff6600; font-size: 18pt;\"><strong>HUMAN TRAFFICKING<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n<ul style=\"text-align: justify;\">\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">World over, human trafficking is labeled as the third most lucrative illicit trade, after drugs and arms.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">According to the UN Office for Drugs and Crime, South Asia, with India at its center, is the fastest-growing and second-largest region for human trafficking in the world, after East Asia.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Even according to government data released recently, almost 20,000 women and children were victims of human trafficking in India in 2016, a rise of nearly 25% from the previous year<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"color: #ff6600; font-size: 18pt;\"><strong>Human Trafficking: Reasons for increase<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n<ul style=\"text-align: justify;\">\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><strong>Increased public awareness<\/strong> of trafficking related crimes through sustained campaigns by government and civil society groups. Thus, more victims are coming forward and reporting.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><strong>Poverty:<\/strong> Thousands of poor people are trafficked to India\u2019s towns and cities each year by traffickers in lure of good jobs.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Porous international borders \u2013 Because of this, border states especially sharing borders with Bangladesh and Nepal have become human trafficking hubs<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><strong>Use of technology:<\/strong> Recently, a complaint has been filed with the Anti-Human Trafficking Unit of CBI to probe what appears to be the biggest and most sophisticated online sex trafficking ring spread across several states where network of traffickers and middlemen operating through Facebook and encrypted messaging services, including WhatsApp<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><strong>Unemployment:<\/strong> As unemployment is rising over the years, people tend to sell their own wives and girl child for the sake of money. West Bengal\u2019s 24 Pargana district constitutes 24% of human trafficking cases.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><strong>Commodification of women:<\/strong> In patriarchal societies women are seen as objects or commodities. Women are the worst victims of human trafficking. Even the terrorist organizations are involved in women trafficking for the purpose of physical pleasure.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><strong>Child labour:<\/strong> <a href=\"https:\/\/pwonlyias.com\/stage\/current-affairs\/end-to-child-labour\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Child labour<\/a> is a major issue in poor countries like India and other South Asian countries. As children can be paid less wages, the children are trafficked to employ them in hotels, mines etc.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><strong>Growing syndicate of beggars:<\/strong> Earlier begging was done on an individual basis. But now it is observed that even beggars are forming groups, they target specific areas. Such beggars groups generally resort to child trafficking. These children are used for begging to gain the sympathy of the people.<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"color: #ff6600; font-size: 18pt;\"><strong>The government had enacted various laws to deal with this issue but there are following issued with the existing system:<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n<ul style=\"text-align: justify;\">\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Cross-national victims are victimized twice. If a victim and trafficker are arrested in India, they are both charged under Foreigners Act, 1946. According to the Act, if an offender is a foreigner, he\/she should be punished under this Act and deported. As a result, the trafficked person is treated as a criminal for his\/her unlawful presence in India.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Not comprehensive law: Indian laws do not target traffickers and their associates or penalize them adequately. The penal clauses are not used adequately to bring the clients to justice.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Lack of awareness of provision: The trafficker can be charged under Section 366B of the IPC which states that importation of a female below the age of 21 years is a punishable offense but it is rarely implemented due to unawareness of police.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Delay in the verification of the addresses of victims: May take as long as two or three years. The reasons for this include delay in confirmation by the Bangladesh government and Incorrect, incomplete, or vague addresses given by the trafficked persons at shelter homes.<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-size: 18pt; color: #ff6600;\"><strong>Human Trafficking: Status of Drug Abuse and Drug Trafficking in India<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">As per a home ministry report there are around 40 lakh drug addicts in India. The most common drugs of abuse are \u2018ganja\u2019, \u2018hashish\u2019, \u2018opium\u2019 and \u2018heroin\u2019.<\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"color: #ff6600; font-size: 18pt;\"><strong>Some of reasons for Drug Abuse and Drug trafficking:<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n<ul style=\"text-align: justify;\">\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Due to the presence of Golden Crescent and Golden Triangle in the region, India has been more vulnerable for narcotics trafficking and its abuse.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">India has Narcotics Drugs and Psychotropic Substance Act 1985, which provides minimum punishment of 10 years for offenses under this Act. But its Implementation by the states has been tardy.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">India has also signed bilateral agreements with the USA, UK, Myanmar, Afghanistan, UAE, Mauritius, Zambia, and the Russian Federation for \u2018drug control\u2019.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Further the rise of Virtual Currencies like Bitcoin has also increased funding avenues for smugglers and drug traffickers.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">The abuse of pharmaceutical preparations like \u2018buprenorphine\u2019, codeine-based cough syrups and painkillers like \u2018proxyvon\u2019 within the country.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Other Factors: Turf wars between various agencies, corruption, intelligence failure, lack of manpower and infrastructure, poor drug detection training, and procedural delays are other factors that hamper the effectiveness of the country\u2019s drug prevention efforts.<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"color: #ff6600; font-size: 18pt;\"><strong>Drug trafficking: Impact<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n<ul style=\"text-align: justify;\">\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><strong>Socio-Political Impact:<\/strong> Drug trafficking undermines socio-economic and political stability and sustainable development.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Loss of Human lives: Drug trafficking and abuse has continued its significant toll on valuable human lives especially and loss of productive years of many persons around the globe.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><strong>Ever-growing prevalence<\/strong> of HIV\/AIDS among North eastern states people has also been highlighted as one of major implications by UNODC.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><strong>National Security:<\/strong> Involvement of various terrorist groups and syndicates in drug trafficking leads to threat to the national security and sovereignty of states by the way of Narco-terrorism.<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><span class=\"vc_button\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.pw.live\/batches\/upsc\/pw-only-ias?utm_source=seo+upsc+batch&#038;utm_medium=seo+upsc&#038;utm_campaign=seo&#038;utm_id=upsc\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Enroll now for UPSC Online Classes<\/a><\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"color: #ff6600; font-size: 18pt;\"><strong>Drug trafficking: Steps Undertaken by India<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n<ul style=\"text-align: justify;\">\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><strong>Statutory Measures:<\/strong> India has enacted Narcotics Drugs and Psychotropic Substances Act, 1985 (NDPS Act) and Prevention of Illicit Trafficking of Narcotics Drug and Psychotropic Substances Act, 1988 through which the country is addressing various aspects of drug problem.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><strong>International Conventions:<\/strong> India is signatory to all three UN Conventions namely, the Single Convention on Narcotics Drugs, 1962, the 1971 UN Convention on Psychotropic Substances and the 1988 UN Convention against Illicit Trafficking of Narcotics Drugs, Psychotropic Substances and has also supported the global efforts led by UN office on drug and crime (UNODC) to curb perpetrating drug menace.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><strong>Inter-Governmental Initiatives<\/strong>: India has entered into various arrangements like Bi-lateral Agreements, Memorandum of Understandings with Nepal, Thailand and Myanmar, Joint Working Groups on Counter Terrorism and Judicial Cooperation with the countries in the region.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><strong>India has formulated National Policy<\/strong> on Narcotics Drugs and Psychotropic Substances which has given equal emphasis on supply and demand reduction.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><strong>New guidelines<\/strong> for grant of rewards to be paid to officers, informers and other persons in case of seizures of Narcotics drugs, Psychotropic substances were also issued recently.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><strong>Ensuring physical security<\/strong> of the borders and coasts by strengthening patrolling and surveillance.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><strong>Co-operating with voluntary organizations<\/strong> in the endeavor to prevent abuse of narcotics and synthetic drugs<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><strong>Other Initiatives:<\/strong> National Awards for institutions &#038; individuals working in the field of prevention of drug abuse and creation of National Drug Abuse Helpline Number which helps the victims of drug abuse and their families in counseling and other aids.<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"color: #ff6600; font-size: 18pt;\"><strong>Drug trafficking: Way Forward<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n<ul style=\"text-align: justify;\">\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Synchronization and coherence among domestic laws of neighboring countries to deter drug traffickers and also for translational exchange of criminals.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Developing Common strategies to tackle the emerging threat of drug trafficking through maritime routes.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Further strengthening and upgradation of intelligence network, upgradation of surveillance equipment and future requirements such as the setting up of training academy and drug labs.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">the Narcotics Act may be amended to plug the procedural loopholes and to calibrate punishments by grouping the offenses.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Demand reduction: The strategies should also include demand reduction along with supply reduction. Supply reduction would include enforcement activities while demand reduction would involve rehabilitation and de-addiction measures.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Other measures: Investigative skills need to be honed and trials expedited; Inter-agency exchange of information amongst the countries by the quickest possible means coupled with expeditious extradition proceedings.<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"color: #ff6600; font-size: 18pt;\"><strong>Drug trafficking: National Policy on Narcotic Drugs and Psychotropic Substances 2014<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n<ul style=\"text-align: justify;\">\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Production of Concentrate of Poppy Straw (CPS) in India by a company or body corporate to enable India to retain its status of a traditional supplier of Opiate Raw Material (ORM).<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Gradual reduction of consumption of poppy straw by addicts.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Use of satellite imageries for detection of illicit crop of poppy and cannabis and its subsequent eradication and development of alternate means of livelihood for cultivators.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Allowing private sector production of alkaloids from opium which are at present produced only by Government Opium and Alkaloid Factories (GOAFs).<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Adequate access to morphine and other opioids necessary for palliative care.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">A time bound plan of action, in response <\/span>to the recommendations of the International Narcotics Control Board.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<table style=\"border-collapse: collapse; width: 100%;\">\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"width: 100%; border-style: solid; border-color: #000000; background-color: #e9ebe8; text-align: center;\"><strong>Also Read: <span style=\"color: #000000;\"><a style=\"color: #000000;\" href=\"https:\/\/pwonlyias.com\/stage\/upsc-notes\/extremism-and-terrorism\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Terrorism And Extremism: Types, Spread. Steps Taken<\/a><\/span><\/strong><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<p>\u00a0<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Organised Crime And Terrorism: Aspects, Fctors, Challenges To prepare for INTERNAL SECURITY for any competitive exam, aspirants have to know about Linkage between Organised Crime and Terrorism. It gives an idea of all the important topics for the IAS Exam and the Economy syllabus (GS-III.). The linkage between Organised Crime and Terrorism terms are important&hellip; <a class=\"more-link\" href=\"https:\/\/pwonlyias.com\/stage\/docs\/linkage-between-organised-crime-and-terrorism\">Continue reading <span class=\"screen-reader-text\">Organised Crime And Terrorism: Aspects, Fctors, Challenges<\/span><\/a><\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":6,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","template":"","meta":{"rank_math_lock_modified_date":false,"footnotes":""},"doc_category":[130],"doc_tag":[],"acf":[],"year_month":"2026-04","word_count":3321,"total_views":"17261","reactions":{"happy":"16","normal":"1","sad":"4"},"author_info":{"name":"bks_editor","author_nicename":"bks_editor","author_url":"https:\/\/pwonlyias.com\/stage\/author\/bks_editor"},"doc_category_info":[{"term_name":"INTERNAL SECURITY","term_url":"https:\/\/pwonlyias.com\/stage\/docs-category\/internal-security"}],"doc_tag_info":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/pwonlyias.com\/stage\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/docs\/3929"}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/pwonlyias.com\/stage\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/docs"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/pwonlyias.com\/stage\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/docs"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/pwonlyias.com\/stage\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/6"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/pwonlyias.com\/stage\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=3929"}],"version-history":[{"count":8,"href":"https:\/\/pwonlyias.com\/stage\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/docs\/3929\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":104642,"href":"https:\/\/pwonlyias.com\/stage\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/docs\/3929\/revisions\/104642"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/pwonlyias.com\/stage\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=3929"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"doc_category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/pwonlyias.com\/stage\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/doc_category?post=3929"},{"taxonomy":"doc_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/pwonlyias.com\/stage\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/doc_tag?post=3929"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}