{"id":3931,"date":"2021-01-22T15:46:29","date_gmt":"2021-01-22T10:16:29","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/pwonlyias.com\/stage\/?page_id=3931"},"modified":"2024-01-10T13:31:26","modified_gmt":"2024-01-10T08:01:26","password":"","slug":"the-armed-forces-special-powers-act-afspa-1958","status":"publish","type":"docs","link":"https:\/\/pwonlyias.com\/stage\/docs\/the-armed-forces-special-powers-act-afspa-1958","title":{"rendered":"The Armed Forces (Special Powers) Act (AFSPA) 1958: Origin, Current Status"},"content":{"rendered":"<table style=\"width: 100.077%;\">\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"width: 100%; border-style: solid; border-color: #000000; background-color: #ff5e00;\">\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><span style=\"color: #ffffff; font-size: 24pt;\"><strong>The Armed Forces (Special Powers) Act (AFSPA) 1958: Origin, Current Status<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">To prepare for <\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/pwonlyias.com\/stage\/internal-security\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">INTERNAL SECURITY<\/span><\/a><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> for any competitive exam, aspirants have to know about The Armed Forces (Special Powers) Act (AFSPA) 1958. It gives an idea of all the important topics for the IAS Exam and the Economy syllabus (GS-III.). The Armed Forces (Special Powers) Act (AFSPA) 1958 terms are important from Economy perspectives in the UPSC exam. IAS aspirants should thoroughly understand their meaning and application, as questions can be asked from this static portion of the IAS Syllabus in both the UPSC Prelims and the UPSC Mains exams. Even these topics are also highly linked with current affairs. Almost every question asked from them is related to current events. So, apart from standard textbooks, you should rely on newspapers and news analyses as well for these sections.<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">AFSPA (1958) act enables certain special powers to be conferred upon members of the Armed forces in disturbed areas in the states.<\/span><\/p>\n<h4><span style=\"color: #ff6600;\"><strong>AFSPA: ORIGIN<\/strong><\/span><\/h4>\n<ul style=\"text-align: justify;\">\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">The Act came into force in the context of increasing violence in the North-eastern States decades ago, which the State governments found difficult to control.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">The Armed Forces (Special Powers) Bill was passed by both the Houses of Parliament and it was approved by the President on September 11, 1958. It became known as the Armed Forces Special Powers Act, 1958.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">AFSPA is a combination of two legislation \u2013 first is for handling the insurgency in the North-east passed in 1958 and second is for handling the situation of insurgency and terrorism in Jammu and Kashmir passed in the year 1990. Since inception these laws have been controversial in nature. As both laws are more or less same, they are collectively called as AFSPA.<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h4><span style=\"color: #ff6600;\"><strong>WHY WE NEED AFSPA?<\/strong><\/span><\/h4>\n<ul style=\"text-align: justify;\">\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Normal CrPc and IPC provisions are not able to address these violent situations like <\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">insurgency<\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> and <a href=\"https:\/\/pwonlyias.com\/stage\/upsc-notes\/extremism-and-terrorism\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">terrorist<\/a> activity.<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h5><span style=\"color: #ff6600; font-size: 18pt;\"><strong>AFSPA: DEFINITION<\/strong><\/span><\/h5>\n<table style=\"width: 100%;\">\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"width: 11.0901%; border-style: solid; border-color: #000000; background-color: #e9ebe8;\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Armed forces<\/span><\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 88.4688%; border-style: solid; border-color: #000000; background-color: #e9ebe8;\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Armed forces under the act means military forces operating and air forces operating, and include any other armed forces of the Union operating.<\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"width: 11.0901%; border-style: solid; border-color: #000000; background-color: #e9ebe8;\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Disturbed area<\/span><\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 88.4688%; border-style: solid; border-color: #000000; background-color: #e9ebe8;\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Areas are considered disturbed \u201cby reason of differences or disputes between members of different religious, racial, language or regional groups or castes or communities\u201d. This is for the time being declared by notification under section 3 of AFSPA Act, to be a disturbed area.<\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<p>\u00a0<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"color: #ff6600; font-size: 18pt;\"><strong>Power to declare Areas to be disturbed Areas<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">The <\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/pwonlyias.com\/stage\/governor\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">GOVERNOR<\/span><\/a><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> of the state or the Administrator in the case of union territory or by the central government can declare areas as disturbed areas. It may be a particular region or whole state after which the armed forces are used to aid the civil power.<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"color: #ff6600; font-size: 18pt;\"><strong>Special powers of the Armed Forces<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Any commissioned officer, Warrant officer, Non-commissioned officer or any other person of Armed forces equivalent rank.<\/span><\/p>\n<ul style=\"text-align: justify;\">\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">After giving such due warning as he considered necessary, fire upon or otherwise use force, even to the causing of death, against any person who is acting in<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">contravention of any law or order for the time being in force in the disturbed areas prohibiting the assembly of five or more persons or carrying of weapons.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Arrest without warrant and use of force for that purpose.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Destroy any arms dump or destroy the fortified position and shelter.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Enter and search the premises over the suspicion without warrant.<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Presently AFSPA is enforced in the 5 states of North East (parts of Arunachal, Assam, Manipur, Mizoram &#038; Nagaland) and J&#038;K.<\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"color: #ff6600; font-size: 18pt;\"><strong>Power to declare Areas to be disturbed Areas<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n<ul style=\"text-align: justify;\">\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Provide more power to the armed forces to perform their activities to restore the normal situation.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">If AFSPA prematurely withdrew the security situation deteriorated and it took more time to store peace there.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Normal CrPC provides limited power to deal with violent situations.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">In disturbed areas the involvement of proxy groups are also there, in order to break that nexus extraordinary powers are required. Extra-ordinary powers are also necessary as the armed forces face asymmetric warfare involving raids, ambushes, mines and explosive devices, sabotage etc<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Effective functioning \u2013 A sense of security in the members of Armed forces is essential to function effectively in insurgency and militancy affected areas.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Security of the nation \u2013 Provisions of this act have played a crucial role in maintaining law and order in disturbed areas. Thus, protecting sovereignty and security of the nation.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Protection of members of armed forces \u2013 It is crucial to empower members of armed forces who constantly face threats to their lives at the hands of insurgents and militants. Its withdrawal would result in poor morale.<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-size: 18pt; color: #ff6600;\"><strong>Arguments against the AFSPA<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n<ul style=\"text-align: justify;\">\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Misuse of the provisions of Acts like fake encounters, extra-judicial killings, etc.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">AFSPA is described as draconian, repressive, colonial and archaic law in Indian democracy.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">AFSPA is a license to kill given to the Armed forces.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">AFSPA can be seen as a violation of all other constitutional rights like prevention against arrest and detention, privacy etc.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Abolition will bring down the feeling of alienation in people of particular states and especially north-east.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Gross violation of constitutional values, Human rights and natural justice in the country.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Abuse of power \u2013 It has been alleged that immunity granted by the act has led the armed forces to misuse the powers and commit offences like enforced disappearances, fake encounters and sexual assault.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Threat to justiciable fundamental rights \u2013 It leads to suspension of fundamental rights and liberties guaranteed to the citizens by the constitution. Thus, it weakens democracy.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Human rights violations in AFSPA areas are not inquired into and followed by adequate action. Thus, it is against the principle of natural justice.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Diminishing credibility of democracy \u2013 People\u2019s disillusionment with democratic setup is exploited by secessionists and terror sympathizers, which leads to more violence &#038; more counter violence creating a vicious cycle.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Ineffective \u2013 Critics argue that this act has failed in its objective of restoring normalcy in disturbed areas despite being in existence for about 50 years.<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><span style=\"color: #ff6600; font-size: 18pt;\"><strong>OBSERVATION OF GOVERNMENT COMMITTEES OVER THE AFSPA\u00a0<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n<table>\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"border-style: solid; border-color: #000000; background-color: #e9ebe8;\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">The Jeevan Reddy committee to review AFSPA<\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">\u00a0<\/span><\/td>\n<td style=\"border-style: solid; border-color: #000000; background-color: #e9ebe8;\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">After the years of protest against the AFSPA and issue of human right violation the committee recommended-<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">1. After consultation with all the stakeholders, the committee recommended abolition of AFSPA.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">2. Instead of AFSPA some comprehensive arrangement should be made under unlawful activities prevention act.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">3. Central forces must act to aid civil power.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">4. Only commissioned officers can order to use the force if he\/she feels necessary.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">5. Each district must have a grievances cell where these forces are deployed. This cell should be independent and competent to enquire into violation of rights.<\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"border-style: solid; border-color: #000000; background-color: #e9ebe8;\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Justice Santosh Hegde Committee<\/span><\/td>\n<td style=\"border-style: solid; border-color: #000000; background-color: #e9ebe8;\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Justice Santosh Hegde Committee to investigate fake encounters in Manipur described it as a \u201csymbol of oppression\u201d.<\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"border-style: solid; border-color: #000000; background-color: #e9ebe8;\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Justice Verma Committee<\/span><\/td>\n<td style=\"border-style: solid; border-color: #000000; background-color: #e9ebe8;\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Justice Verma committee (on offenses against women in conflict areas) said \u201cAFSPA legitimizes impunity for sexual violence\u201d E.g. Kunan Poshpora incident; Thangjam Manorama case in Manipur.<\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"border-style: solid; border-color: #000000; background-color: #e9ebe8;\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Second ARC Report<\/span><\/td>\n<td style=\"border-style: solid; border-color: #000000; background-color: #e9ebe8;\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">The 5th report of the Second Administrative Reforms Commission on public order has also recommended the repeal of the AFSPA.<\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<p>\u00a0<\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-size: 18pt; color: #ff6600;\"><strong>Role of the judiciary<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">There were questions about the constitutionality of AFSPA, given that law and order is a state subject. The Supreme Court has upheld the constitutionality of AFSPA in a 1998 judgement (Naga People\u2019s Movement of Human Rights v. Union of India).<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">In this judgement, the Supreme Court arrived at certain conclusions including:<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">a suo-motto declaration can be made by the Central government, however, it is desirable that the state government should be consulted by the central government before making the declaration;<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">AFSPA does not confer arbitrary powers to declare an area as a \u2018disturbed area\u2019;<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">The declaration has to be for a limited duration and there should be a periodic review of the declaration 6 months have expired;<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">While exercising the powers conferred upon him by AFSPA, the authorised officer should use minimal force necessary for effective action;<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">The authorised officer should strictly follow the \u2018Dos and Don\u2019ts\u2019 issued by the army.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Recently SC ruled that every death caused by armed forces in a disturbed area involving either a common person or an insurgent must be thoroughly enquired into so as to find out whether the killing was extra-judicial or not.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Thus there is no absolute immunity for armed forces personnel who commit a crime even in a disturbed area.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Supreme Court was hearing the plea demanding probe into 1528 deaths alleged to be fake or extra-judicial encounters by the armed forces in the state of Manipur<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><span style=\"font-size: 18pt; color: #ff6600;\"><strong>AFSPA: CURRENT STATUS<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">AFSPA is in force to the North-Eastern States of the country fully or partially except the Sikkim, Meghalaya and Tripura (recently in 2018) along with the UT of Jammu and Kashmir.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">The Supreme Court had removed the blanket immunity to the members of armed forces.<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><strong><span style=\"color: #ff6600; font-size: 18pt;\">AFSPA: Conclusion\u00a0<\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">We cannot run our country on the basis that we need to develop alternatives.<\/span><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Peace can be established by only synchronized efforts of central and state governments along with security forces.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Final solution is a political one as demonstrated in the case of Tripura and Mizoram.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">There needs to be a mechanism which can lead to building trust among armed forces and the public in general.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">There is no need to run the country on the basis of bullet while the matter should be resolved on the basis of the ballet<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><strong><span style=\"color: #ff6600; font-size: 18pt;\">AFSPA: Way Forward<\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400; text-align: justify;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Adherence to Human rights \u2013 It needs to be emphasized that human rights compliance and operational effectiveness are not contrarian requirements. In fact, adherence to human rights norms and principles strengthens the counter insurgency capability of a force.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400; text-align: justify;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Robust safeguards \u2013 Protection for the armed forces must be accompanied by provisions that ensure responsibility and accountability, within the parameters of law. It is for this reason that robust safeguards need to be incorporated in the existing or any new law. Supreme Court\u2019s judgment should be followed in letter and spirit \u2013<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400; text-align: justify;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Removing ambiguity in law \u2013 The terms like \u201cdisturbed\u201d, \u201cdangerous\u201d and \u201cland forces\u201d need to be clearly defined to ensure greater clarity.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400; text-align: justify;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Ensuring transparency \u2013 Greater transparency in communicating the status of existing cases to include its display on the army and government\u2019s websites.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400; text-align: justify;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Independent inquiry \u2013 Every death caused by the armed forces in a disturbed area, be it of a common person or a criminal, should be thoroughly enquired into.<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<table style=\"border-collapse: collapse; width: 100%;\">\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"width: 100%; border-style: solid; border-color: #000000; background-color: #e9ebe8; text-align: center;\"><strong>Also Read: <a href=\"https:\/\/pwonlyias.com\/stage\/upsc-notes\/left-wing-extremismlwe-a-war-upon-the-state\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Left-Wing Extremism or Naxalism: Origin, Background, Major Issues\u00a0<\/a><\/strong><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<p>\u00a0<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>The Armed Forces (Special Powers) Act (AFSPA) 1958: Origin, Current Status To prepare for INTERNAL SECURITY for any competitive exam, aspirants have to know about The Armed Forces (Special Powers) Act (AFSPA) 1958. It gives an idea of all the important topics for the IAS Exam and the Economy syllabus (GS-III.). The Armed Forces (Special&hellip; <a class=\"more-link\" href=\"https:\/\/pwonlyias.com\/stage\/docs\/the-armed-forces-special-powers-act-afspa-1958\">Continue reading <span class=\"screen-reader-text\">The Armed Forces (Special Powers) Act (AFSPA) 1958: Origin, Current Status<\/span><\/a><\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":6,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","template":"","meta":{"rank_math_lock_modified_date":false,"footnotes":""},"doc_category":[130],"doc_tag":[],"acf":[],"year_month":"2026-04","word_count":1695,"total_views":"6069","reactions":{"happy":"11","normal":"3","sad":"1"},"author_info":{"name":"bks_editor","author_nicename":"bks_editor","author_url":"https:\/\/pwonlyias.com\/stage\/author\/bks_editor"},"doc_category_info":[{"term_name":"INTERNAL SECURITY","term_url":"https:\/\/pwonlyias.com\/stage\/docs-category\/internal-security"}],"doc_tag_info":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/pwonlyias.com\/stage\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/docs\/3931"}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/pwonlyias.com\/stage\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/docs"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/pwonlyias.com\/stage\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/docs"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/pwonlyias.com\/stage\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/6"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/pwonlyias.com\/stage\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=3931"}],"version-history":[{"count":5,"href":"https:\/\/pwonlyias.com\/stage\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/docs\/3931\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":74020,"href":"https:\/\/pwonlyias.com\/stage\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/docs\/3931\/revisions\/74020"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/pwonlyias.com\/stage\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=3931"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"doc_category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/pwonlyias.com\/stage\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/doc_category?post=3931"},{"taxonomy":"doc_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/pwonlyias.com\/stage\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/doc_tag?post=3931"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}